How Ancient Societies Ignited Fire How the ancients used fire

In the whole process of ignition, the role of cutting tools cannot be ignored. With a knife or metal saw, you can cut out the different types of fuel needed for the various stages of ignition. Let's talk about the precautions you need to take when using cutting tools.

Knives General rules for using knivesKnives are used for a wide range of purposes, and we can perhaps say that knives are one of the most useful tools that a wild survivor can carry. However, using knives is not without risk, and it is easy to get injured when using knives, so be as cautious as possible to reduce the probability of injury. Keep your knife sharp enough to make it easier to control than a blunt knife, so you'll definitely reduce your potential chance of injury.

Knife sharpening skills • Push and pull the knife on a flat whetstone, so that there is a thin contact surface between the blade and the whetstone (if there is no special whetstone, replace it with a flat dark stone), push and pull repeatedly on the whetstone, and sharpen the knife edge. For best results, bring the blade close to the long edge of the whetstone and push forward so that when you finish a push, the tail of the blade is exactly in the center of the whetstone. To make the angle of the blade more regular, sharpen the other side of the blade in the same way.

The number of grinds on both sides of the blade should be comparable. Circular grinding method: A circular grinding method is used to continuously grind back and forth on a round whetstone or dark stone. The blade is placed against the edge of the whetstone and sharpened in a circular pattern.

To make the angle of the blade more regular, turn the blade over and sharpen the other side in the same way. The number of grinds on both sides of the blade should be comparable. For the best grinding angle, place the blade flat on the whetstone and lift the tail of the blade until the gap between it and the whetstone is equal to the thickness of the blade tail.

Metal sawsMetal saws are a very effective tool for sawing wood blocks, and are found in the kits carried by the vast majority of wild survivors. Without much effort, we can make a temporary, safe and reliable sawing tool by tying the saw blade to a tough, secure branch. Here's how:

Bend the branches into a semicircle and fix the ends of the saw blade to both ends of the branches. When we loosen the branches, enough tension is created on the blade so that it is a practical sawing tool.

Fire by volcano or forest.

1. Drill wood for fire

The easiest is of course to drill wood for fire. Primitive people have already learned it, and this method has been passed down until the Tang Dynasty. Of course, it is more troublesome to drill wood to make fire, and it takes five or six minutes for a skilled ancient person to make a fire, and it requires great physical strength.

This also has high requirements for materials.

2. Fire Bow. The fire bow is to add a rotating bow to the stick that drills wood to make fire, and it can be pulled back and forth, even a woman can complete it, and it can make a fire in a minute.

3. Impotence. Ancient people have long discovered that sunlight can make fire in their daily lives, so they came out with yang sui. Think of it as a large condenser, which can concentrate the sun's rays to a point and ignite the fire-making material.

The ancients believed that since this way was obtained through the sun and could directly communicate with heaven and earth, the fire obtained in this way was extremely sacred. Until now, the Olympic flame has been lit in this way, but this method is more restricted by the weather, and the fire cannot be lit on rainy days.

4. Fire sickle. Flint is generally made of pebbles, and the blow or friction of two stones is used to produce sparks to ignite flammable velvet. An upgraded version of the flint is called the Fire Scythe, which is a small leather bag the size of a palm with a sickle-shaped steel bar on the side called Fire Steel.

It contained flint and mugwort. When igniting, use a flint to strike the fire steel to ignite the moxa, and it is also very convenient to take the fire. Some rural areas in northern Shaanxi still use this method to light fires.

5. Fire folds.

Something like a bamboo tube that comes out with a flame when you blow it out, which actually makes use of the principle of re-ignition. They will ignite some flammable paper rolls or processed igniters and blow out the flames, and then stuff them into a small bamboo tube, cover the lid to cause a lack of oxygen inside, in fact, the spark is still burning slowly, and it will re-ignite when you open the lid and blow it when you use it.

Modern ways of making fire.

1. Make a match for fire.

Our matches were later introduced to Europe by Marco Polo, and the principle of sulfur ignition was fully studied and expanded in Europe – from yellow phosphorus matches to promisin matches, and then non-phosphorus matches. In 1830, Solia in France and Cammelo in Germany revolutionized matches, using a mixture of yellow phosphorus, sulfur and potassium chlorate to make modern matches. In 1845, a safety match was invented that used red phosphorus as a match head.

2. Take the fire with a lighter.

A drawing of a lighter first appeared in the hand scroll of a nobleman in Nuremberg, Germany, in 1505 AD. It has also been suggested that the lighter device may have been the work of Leonardo da Vinci, and that there are similar mechanical drawings in his scrolls, probably dating between 1500 and 1519.

3. Air compression for ignition.

Air compression ignition (piston ignition) mainly uses the principle of compression ignition, its principle is that the air of the cylinder is sharply compressed when the piston is rapidly pressed down, and the work done by the piston on the air is converted into the internal energy of the air, so that the air temperature rises, and the ignition point of ether is reached, so that the cotton ball (flammable carbon cloth) stained with ether burns.

There are many ways for the ancients to make fire, the most well-known is to drill wood to make fire, this method has been spread for the longest time, the most widely used, the ancients have studied the depth of drilling wood to make fire, such as drilling wood is quite particular, "Zhou Shu Yue Ling" has "spring to take elm willow, summer to take jujube apricot, autumn to take oak, winter to take locust sandalwood" record, are elm, willow, jujube tree, apricot tree and other common tree species, take simple, what kind of wood is used in rainy days, what kind of wood is used in freezing snow days are different. <>

The picture shows a fire sickle. However, drilling wood to make fire is time-consuming and laborious, relatively backward, slowly replaced by another method of making fire, called "fire sickle", when this method originated is not available, the earliest record appeared in the Tang Dynasty, the poet Bai Juyi has "deep furnace knock fire to cook new tea, stone fire in the light to send this body", Liu Zongyuan has "night hair knock stone fire, mountains and forests such as day" record, the stone fire in this is the fire sickle, it is said that the Tang Dynasty military attache travel fire sickle is a necessary thing, to the Song Dynasty when the invention of artillery, fire sickle has a military use, In the people, it has become a necessary daily necessities for every household, and it is one of the dowry gifts when getting married. <>

Now you must have a lighter for smoking, and you must have a fire sickle for smoking before.

What is the fire sickle, it is very simple, it is composed of flint, fire velvet, fire steel three parts, flint is also called flint, is the common quartz stone, fire velvet is very easy to burn, dried flocculent plants, such as mugwort, cotton, etc., fire steel is an ordinary piece of iron, using the principle of friction, with fire steel on the flint, sparks to ignite the velvet, three things are less than the size of a palm, packed with a load to carry around, very convenient, after the popularization of gunpowder, people will mix sulfur into the velvet, Or the sulfur can be glued to small wooden sticks, and then flint and fire steel can be used to achieve the efficiency of matches. <>

The picture shows the fire fold.

In addition, there is a method that is also widely used, that is, the "fire fold", that is, the lit straw paper, put into the bamboo tube to cover, the bamboo tube in the case of lack of oxygen, will be in a semi-burning state, need to take out and blow gently, the fire is rekindled, after the general family fires to cook, there will be a fire fold, to the evening convenient to use, the most common fuel is straw paper, can be stored for a day, conditional use of added nitrate, sulfur, rosin and other components of the paper, greatly improved the flammability rate and preservation time.

The invention of drilling wood for fire is based on ancient Chinese myths and legends. In ancient times, the area around Shangqiu, Henan Province was a forest. The flint clan, which lives in the forest, often preys on wild beasts, and often produces sparks when the stones that hit the beasts collide with the mountain rocks.

Inspired by this, the Fusiliers struck stones against stones, and the resulting sparks ignited the velvet to create fire.

This method of making fire was still used in the rural areas of Shangqiu 30 years ago. At that time, a saint received inspiration from a bird pecking at the flint wood and a spark, so he broke off the flint branches and drilled the wood to make fire. He taught this method to people, and human beings learned to make fire artificially, use fire to cook food, lighting, heating, smelting, etc., and human life entered a new stage.

People called this saint the Suiren clan and worshipped him as the "head of the three emperors".

The fire sickle is a kind of fire-taking utensils with a relatively old and historical history.

In the Tang Dynasty, the method of drilling wood to make fire was more widely popular. By the Wei and Jin dynasties, there were already stones to knock fire. In the early years of Guangxu, the match replied.

Not yet popular. At that time, the technology of taking fire went one step further, with a kind of calling"Fire Scythe"tools. This kind of fire sickle, sewing skin for the bag, Antie for the blade containing a piece of flint, a ball of velvet, if you want to use fire, take the velvet bean, put it on the stone, and then hit it with an iron blade, can send out sparks, and get fire in an instant, it is the thing that the smoker of drought tobacco can not leave at that time.

Later, with matches, fire mirrors, flints, velvets and other things gradually declined, and finally disappeared.

In ancient China, the tool of taking bai fire was called "Suidu", which was divided into golden flint and wooden flint. The golden flint takes fire in the sun, and the dao wood flint takes fire in the wood. According to the records of ancient books in China, in ancient times, "Fu Sui" and "Yang Sui" (actually a kind of concave mirror, because it is made of metal, so it is collectively called "Jin Sui") to make fire. In ancient times, when people marched or hunted, they always carried a fire-taking weapon with them, and there are records of "left Pei Jin Sui" and "right Pei Mu Sui" in the Book of Rites, indicating that the fire was made with a golden flint on a sunny day, and the wood flint was used to make a fire on a cloudy day.

Yang Sui fire is a pioneer of human beings using optical instruments to gather solar energy. When it comes to making fire, in ancient times, homemade ancient lenses were used to make fire. In the 2nd century B.C., some people used ice as a lens to gather the sun's rays to make fire.

There is such a record in the Wenjingtang series of books and "Huainan Wanbi Technique": "Cutting ice makes a circle, lifting it to the sun, and taking its shadow with Ai, then the fire is born." "We often say that fire and water are incompatible, but making ice lenses to make fire is a wonderful creation.

Lenses made of ice cannot be stored for a long time, so lenses made of glass or glass appeared.

High-quality transcription.

The main thing is to keep the fire unextinguished if it is new.

In the case of fire, one is to take fire from a fire sickle, and the other is to take fire from a fire barrel.

A method of making fire by drilling wood.

Maybe with flint and steel.

Wood grinding (rubbing) stone.

Tai Chi gives birth to two rituals, two rituals give birth to four elephants, and four elephants give birth to gossip.

Drill wood for fire. Generally, the preservation of natural fire is carried out by a special person. It could be left behind by a volcanic eruption, or it could be a fire caused by lightning strikes or collisions.

"Zhuangzi" says that "wood and wood are the same". I took two pieces of wood and rubbed them against each other, and it was just a slight temperature, and it was impossible to burn. The ancients used sandalwood to build a flywheel, which was set on a horizontal axis, and the crank rotated quickly. Then the dry locust wood strip touches the rim of the wheel, and the wooden strip quickly smokes and burns. Zheng Xuan's note "Zhou Li.

The fire sickle is a kind of fire-taking utensils with a relatively old and historical history.

According to experts, the earliest method of drilling wood to make fire may be as follows: break a mountain numb, make it into a flat shape, and carve a shallow hole on it. Then fold a mountain numb as a stick, the person sits on the ground, steps on the flat mountain numb board with both feet, presses one end of the stick on the hole, and rubs back and forth with both hands.

In this way, the end of the stick and the wooden board are violently rubbed together, producing a lot of wood chips, and heating due to friction, and when the wood chips are hot to a certain extent, they will produce sparks to ignite the flammable hay or wood chips next to the wooden board, and ignite the ** flame.

Development History: Ancient Humans: Natural fires, mostly natural fires caused by thunder and lightning causing trees to catch fire, and fires caused by volcanoes. It's gone.

Antiquity: The Suiren invented a method of artificial fire.

Bronze Age: The invention of "Yang Sui", copper and tin each occupy its semi-alloy cast concave mirror, forming a focus under the sun to make fire, so it is also called Jiansui.

Spring and Autumn Period: China invented iron smelting and invented the method of making fire with a fire sickle.

Northern and Southern Dynasties Period: The invention of the fire fold.

In 1826, the English pharmacist John Walker invented matches.

Flint rubbing, fire with velvet soaked in fire nitrate, and paper media. Until the seventies of the twentieth century, it was still used in the countryside, and it was not much slower than a lighter.

Turning wood, and some natural ones such as flint.