What methods of argumentation are used in the general study of information governance?

1) Continuing the above statement, "Small is beautiful, which led to the "small" shown below giving birth to a change of fate.

The author of Zizhi Tongjian is Sima Guang.

Sima Guang was a famous historian, politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, and belongs to today's Shanxi. He was born in the first year of Renzong Bao, and after entering the office, he served in Longtu Pavilion Zhixue, and Wang Anshi's political views on the law at that time were at odds with the law, and then left the imperial court for fifteen years, and presided over and compiled the chronicle of the general history "Zizhi Tongjian".

The content of the book focuses on political, military, and ethnic relations, as well as the evaluation of economic, cultural, and historical figures, and aims to warn future generations through descriptions of the policies of the ruling class that affect the rise and fall of the state and the rise and fall of the nation.

The origin of the title of the book is that Song Shenzong believed that the book "in view of the past, it has the ability to govern the Tao", and gave this name. It can be seen from this that the name of "Zizhi Tongjian" is not only a manifestation of the historian's increased consciousness of governing history, but also a manifestation of the feudal emperor's increased consciousness of using historiography to serve politics.

Artistic features of "Zizhi Tongjian":

The "General Guide to Governance" takes time as the "outline", takes the event as the "goal", the outline is the outline, and the time is the story. It is worth noting that the book uses a set of "quirky" polysyllabic (proto-stem) timing terms as a time frame system for the whole book.

Such as "the age of Tigue" and the like. "阏逄" is equivalent to the modern Chinese "a", and "setig" is equivalent to the Chinese "寅". Why not use the heavenly and terrestrial branches of Chinese, but use a set of multisyllabic language stem and branch system, Sima Guang did not explain.

This set of polysyllabic stem and branch terms is also used in the "Almanac" of the Historical Records, and Sima Qian did not explain it. This provided an excuse for later generations to think wildly, such as Zhu Kezhen, who suggested that Sanskrit scholars decipher this set of terms in Sanskrit. Some people even claim that the ancestors of the Chinese were in the two river valleys of West Asia or ancient Egypt.

Zizhi Tongjian is a serious historical work. It is based on the canonical history of the past dynasties, but it is far from limited to that. Sima Guang.

Describing the history of his writings, there is a passage that reads: "Studying and thinking about it, exhausting everything, the day is insufficient, and the mountains rush to follow the night." Reading through the old history, picking **, simple accumulation, vast as smoke and annihilating Zheng Hai to amuse and annihilate, deciding to mention the hidden, and proofreading the millimeter.

This shows that Sima Guang's collection of historical materials is extremely extensive and meticulous, both "exhaustive" and "meticulous".

Southern song dynasty. Gao Rusun's book "Historical Strategy" lists 226 kinds of books cited in the "Zizhi Tongjian", and according to Qing statistics, there are as many as 322 kinds, and many of them have long ceased to exist. "Siku Quanshu".

It is called "a net of wealth, large and thoughtful, which is not found in ancient times." Sima Guang was extremely cautious and rigorous in the use of historical materials, and all records that encountered discrepancies were carefully compared and examined before being followed.

The value of the Zizhi Tongjian also lies in the fact that it had a great influence on the development of historiography at that time and in later generations. In modern times, the study of the Zizhi Tongkan and the various works produced under its influence has become a specialized study.

"Zizhi Tongjian" was written by Sima Guang.

Zizhi Tongjian (Chang Jianzuo "Tongjian") is a multi-volume chronicle edited by the Northern Song Dynasty historian Sima Guang, with a total of 294 volumes and completed in 19 years. Mainly based on time and events, it was written from the 23rd year of King Weilie of Zhou (403 BC) to the sixth year of Zhou Shizong Xiande (959 AD) five generations later, covering the history of 1362 years of the 16th Dynasty.

In this book, the editors summed up many lessons for the rulers to learn from, and Song Shenzong believed that this book "in view of the past, it has the ability to govern the way", that is, to use the gains and losses of history as a warning to strengthen the rule, so it was named "Zizhi Tongjian". The "Zizhi Tongjian" has 294 volumes, about 3 million words, and 30 volumes of "Examination of Differences" and "Table of Contents".

Editor's brief:

Sima Guang (November 17, 1019, October 11, 1086), the name Junshi, the name of the roundabout, was a native of Shushui Township, Xia County, Shaanzhou (now Xia County, Shanxi Province), and was known as Mr. Shushui. A politician, historian, and writer of the Northern Song Dynasty, he claimed to be the descendant of Sima Fu, the king of Anping in the Western Jin Dynasty.

Be gentle, humble, upright; Work hard, hard and diligently. With the self-proclaimed "lack of day strength, followed by night", it can be called a model under Confucianism. He has written many works on his life, including "Wen Guowen Zheng Sima Gongwen Collection", "Ji Gulu", "Records of Lianshui", "Latent Void" and so on.

(2012 Huanggang) chronicle is a genre of traditional history books in China, which is characterized by arranging historical facts and describing history by year, month and day. The historiographical work "Zizhi Tongjian" belongs to this genre.

2014 Yichang) It is a chronicle written in the Northern Song Dynasty, narrating the history from the Warring States period to the Five Dynasties. In this book, the editor, Sima Guang and others, summarized many historical lessons for the rulers to learn from. It is the "General Guide to Information Governance".