What was England like in the 18th century?

…The answer is 19th-century England......

Britain carried out the bourgeois revolution earlier, which cleared the way for the development of capitalism. British colonies were spread all over the world, plundering vast amounts of wealth, and they provided a huge overseas market for British industrial production. Britain was the main operator of the triangle, and they invested the bloody money they earned from black slaves in industry and commerce, which promoted the development of the capitalist economy.

Britain spearheaded the Industrial Revolution, creating tremendous productivity.

Summary. Before the beginning of urbanization, Britain had become a commercial and handicraft society, and as early as around 1700, the composition of its labor force had reached 40% in handicrafts, about 20% in services, and only 40% in agriculture, which was the lowest proportion of agricultural labor in the country outside the Netherlands at that time. However, at this time, the urbanization rate in the United Kingdom was not high, only 13% in England and 5% in Scotland, which is not only lower than Italy, but also far lower than the nearly 30% urbanization rate in the Netherlands and Belgium.

However, Britain began to urbanize rapidly in 1780, and by 1850 England had reached an urbanization rate of 32%, and Scotland was the top two in Europe, while the urbanization rate in the rest of Europe remained little changed during this period, and even declined slightly in some areas. On the other hand, in 1750 only two cities in Britain were in the top 40 of European cities in terms of population, but in 1850 there were 20 cities on the list. This suggests that the urbanization process in Britain during this period was much faster and more dramatic than that of the slower industrialization process.

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Before the beginning of urbanization, Britain had become a commercial and handicraft society, and as early as around 1700, the composition of its labor force had reached 40% in handicrafts, about 20% in services, and only 40% in agriculture, which was the lowest proportion of agricultural labor in the country outside the Netherlands at that time. However, at this time, the urbanization rate in the United Kingdom was not high, only 13% in England and 5% in Scotland, which is not only lower than Italy, but also far lower than the nearly 30% urbanization rate in the Netherlands and Belgium. However, Britain began to urbanize rapidly in 1780, and by 1850 England had reached an urbanization rate of 32%, and Scotland was the top two in Europe, while the urbanization rate in the rest of Europe remained little changed during this period, and even declined slightly in some areas.

On the other hand, in 1750 only two cities in Britain were in the top 40 of European cities in terms of population, but in 1850 there were 20 cities on the list. This suggests that the urbanization process in Britain during this period was much faster and more dramatic than that of the slower industrialization process.

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The 18th century was the beginning of the period of industrialization in England, which underwent serious social changes. The following is the social background of 18th-century England:

1.Politics: English politics underwent some changes in the 18th century.

After the Sheraton Succession War in 1715, the country's finances were in poor condition, and Congress began to establish some new political institutions. In 1760, George III succeeded to the throne and established the rule of the Hanoverian dynasty, continuing to promote political and economic reforms.

2.Economy: In the 18th century, Britain completed the process of moving from a self-sufficient closed economy to an open market economy.

Before the mid-19th century, the British economy was largely dependent on agricultural production and handicraft production. During the period of industrialization, the British people first dealt with the changes in the industrial structure, market targets and salary structure brought about by scientific and technological progress, as well as the surplus and shortage of labor.

3.Social Structure: In the 18th century, English society was clearly structured according to the traditional class division.

The aristocracy and the wealthy occupied the highest echelons of society, and the middle class grew and gradually replaced the social status of the aristocracy. At the bottom of the class are the workers, the rural peasants and the poor, living in poverty and misery.

4.Culture: The 18th century was the first period of English literature, and many literary giants appeared, such as Keats, Byron, Shelley, Austen, etc. Urbanization and industrialization have also ushered in a new phase of flourishing culture, art, and technology in the UK. <>