What is the content of Wang Mang s restructuring? Why did Wang Mang carry out reforms?

Wang Mang's reform, also known as Wang Mang's New Deal, is a series of new measures taken by the new emperor Wang Mang to alleviate the increasingly aggravated social contradictions in the late Western Han Dynasty. Including land reform, currency reform, commercial reform, and official name and county name reform.

In the first year (8 years), Wang Mang accepted the Zen concession of Ruziying (Liu Ying) and called the emperor, changed the country name to "Xin", changed Chang'an to Chang'an, as the capital of the new dynasty, Wang Mang opened a precedent in Chinese history through the Zen of Fu Ming as the emperor. Wang Mang embarked on a comprehensive social reform.

Wang Mang imitated the system of "Zhou Li" to implement the new policy, repeatedly changed the currency system, changed the official system and official name, restored the "well field system" in the name of the Wang Tian system, nationalized the salt, iron, wine, currency system, mountains, forests, rivers and rivers, redistributed cultivated land, abolished the slave system, established the five-average credit (loan system) and the six-scale policy, balanced prices with public power, prevented exploitation by merchants, and increased the revenue of the state treasury. Rituals such as punishment, etiquette, and field house uniforms have constantly returned to the weekly ritual model of the Western Zhou Dynasty.

However, Wang Mang's restructuring not only failed to save the social crisis in the last years of the Western Han Dynasty, but further intensified various contradictions. In the fourth year of Tianfeng (17 years), locust plagues and droughts occurred throughout the country, famine broke out, and peasants from all over the country rose up one after another, forming a large-scale rebellion of red eyebrows and green forests. led to the demise of the new dynasty.

The content of Wang Mang's reform was mainly to reform the political, economic, and cultural aspects of the time.

After he came to power, in order to alleviate the acute class contradictions, he issued a series of summons to carry out reforms, mainly by reforming the monetary system, unifying weights and measures, and reforming the name, but eventually caused social turmoil.

Many of Wang's measures are feasible from the start, but he underestimates the resistance to the implementation of the new policy. Under pressure from all sides, most of the plans he conceived were not implemented, and he lost the support of the landlord class. Wang Mang's measures are as follows:

1.In order to redistribute the land, Wang Mang needed to get the landlord to relinquish ownership;

2.Through the observation of the market, it is necessary to avoid excessive prices affecting the normal life of the people;

3.In order to raise funds, Wang Mang came up with a way to collect money through the new currency.

After Wang Mang came to power, the really beneficial measures did not see any progress, but instead looted the only wealth of the people. In this way, Wang Mang completely fell into a situation of being unaccompanied, and under the continuous oppression, the people rose up, and his rule did not last long before it collapsed. It is not difficult to predict such a result from the many mistakes made by Wang Mang, after all, maintaining the stability of people's livelihood can ensure long-term peace and stability after the change of dynasty.

Due to the continuous expansion of local power and the fact that Wang Mang's own usurpation of the throne was unjustifiable, the news about the land was immediately opposed by all sides. Later, in order to calm everyone's anger, Wang Pai's vigorous measures with Min Min had to be stopped in the end. <>

In the era of heavy agriculture and suppression of business, it can be said that the concept of stable prices can be understood more advanced, but because Wang Mang has implemented many other projects, the treasury, which is not rich in itself, is quickly emptied again. In the end, this heavy tax still fell on the people, and controlling prices became another empty check for Wang Mang. <>

In the end, Wang Mang can be said to have completely torn off his mask and completely become an exploiter. The currency he introduced was almost a year in the dust, which not only consumed a lot of resources in vain, but also completely disrupted the fragile market environment at that time. <>

Which class do you think Wang Mang is essentially defending?

What I learned is that at the time of the reform, it was the distribution of the reform of the land, and all the previous ones were recovered, and the ** of some items was controlled, and there was some currency that could be used to replace. Shiver.

He first redistributed the land, got the landlords to give up ownership of the land, repossessed the land, and then raised funds to give a huge impetus to this society, and then controlled prices and changed the currency. Round.

My understanding is that Wang Mang's reform has brought a very large impetus to the society, brought a lot of help to the society, and also promoted the development of the social consumption association, the development of the economy, and the development of agriculture.

Slavery was abolished, the well field system was restored, the official system and official names were changed, land was redistributed, and mountains and rivers were nationalized.

Implement Wang Tian"Private ownership.

Wang Mang realized that the problem of land and slaves was the main social problem, so in 9 A.D., according to the Jingtian system recorded in the "Zhou Li", he implemented the "Wang Tian private ownership system" and renamed Tianxia Tian as "Wang Tian", which was not allowed to be bought and sold; If a family of less than 8 men occupies more than one well (900 acres), the surplus land will be given to the neighborhood and township party; Those who were originally landless were granted land according to the system (one husband and one woman received 100 acres of land). Slaves and maids were renamed "private belongings" and were not allowed to be bought and sold, and those who violated the order were punished.

Implement five equals, credit loans and six pipes.

The so-called Wujun is to set up Wujun officials in Chang'an and the five major cities of the country, Luoyang, Handan, Linzi, Wan, and Chengdu, to be responsible for managing market prices and collecting industrial and commercial taxes. In the middle of each quarter, the five junguan write out the standard of various goods, called "Shiping". When the price is higher than the "market level", the inventory materials will be at parity**; When prices are lower than the "market level", people are left to buy and sell freely.

Each county also has a division and city, and the positions are the same as those of the five officials.

Reform the currency system.

During Wang Mang's reign, there were frequent reforms to the currency. In 7 A.D., it was ordered to cast large coins, deed knives, and wrong knives, and the original five-baht coins were "four products in parallel". In 8 A.D., the knife coin and the five-baht coin were scrapped, and the small coin was minted separately, which was used together with the original large coin.

In 9 years, the treasure system was implemented, and there were as many as 28 kinds of currency, but because there were too many types of currency, it was difficult to convert, and it was inconvenient to circulate, so it was abolished in only one year, leaving only a small amount of money.

1. Fifty-two kinds of big money continue to be used.

Change the name of the official and the name of the place.

In order to be consistent with the official system of "Zhou Li", Wang Mang set up four auxiliaries (), three Kai Dong Gong (), four generals (), and eleven dukes. Under the three dukes, there are nine kings, twenty-seven doctors, eighty-one yuanshi, and six prisons. Several changes were made to the local government system, official names, county names, and administrative divisions.

Unleash a foreign war.

The restructuring has failed repeatedly, and Wang Mang has made trouble in ethnic relations in order to divert people's attention and establish "national prestige". He unreasonably degraded the kings of various tribes as princes, causing discontent and rebellion; arrogantly waged wars to conquer various ethnic minorities, and insulted each other even more (renamed Goguryeo as 'Xia Guyeo', and Xiongnu Shan Yu as 'surrendered slaves'); sabotage the Han-Hungarian peace and cut off the communication between the Han and the Western Regions; The pain of the people is even deeper.

These reforms not only failed to resolve social contradictions, but on the contrary further intensified various contradictions, made society more chaotic, and finally led to a nationwide peasant uprising. Under the blows of the peasant armies such as Red Mei and Lvlin, the new dynasty was destroyed, and this reform of the Tuogu system could only leave a laughing stock for future generations.