Information on disaster prevention and mitigation using geographical knowledge to improve self prote

(1) Establish a natural disaster monitoring system.

Functions: Pre-disaster early warning, disaster follow-up, post-disaster assessment, and disaster mitigation decision-making plans.

2) The role of remote sensing technology in the monitoring of natural disasters.

The characteristics of remote sensing (RS) technology: wide observation range, large amount of information acquisition, fast acquisition speed, good real-time performance and strong dynamics. From the perspective of spatial scale, remote sensing has global observation capabilities, and can obtain global natural disaster observation data from multi-band, multi-phase and all-weather perspectives. From the perspective of time scale, the remote sensing platform can be used to observe the earth synchronously, and the disaster information of the earth's surface and its instantaneous changes can be obtained.

Scope of application: It is widely used in politics, economy, military, life and other aspects, focusing on the monitoring of floods, fires and typhoon disasters.

iii) The role of GIS in natural disaster monitoring.

Information integration and analysis: It is mainly for comprehensive processing and spatial data analysis of the information provided by various monitoring systems, with the functions of spatial positioning, qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Disaster assessment and forecasting: Forecasting and early warning, dynamic monitoring, analysis of the causes and laws of disasters, investigation of disaster losses, and assessment of disaster conditions can also provide a basis for formulating disaster reduction plans and guiding post-disaster reconstruction work.

The combination of RS and GIS provides reliable and efficient services for disaster mitigation and relief.

RS is a means of data acquisition (collection and acquisition of raw materials - massive information), GIS is a means of data analysis (processing of raw materials and drawing conclusions, guiding disaster prevention and mitigation work), these two tools are organically combined, which can implement the powerful function of dynamically obtaining and processing information, so as to provide reliable and efficient services for disaster reduction and relief.

To reduce the impact of drought and floods, we should give priority to prevention, combine resistance with resistance, do a good job in afforestation and soil and water conservation, and carry out river improvement and farmland water conservancy infrastructure.

Prevention of waterlogging disasters: Strengthen monitoring, forecasting and early warning, and establish a sound drainage system.

Flood: The key point of forecasting is the precipitation of the entire river basin including the main stream and tributaries, even if the water level changes are understood, the main content of defense is to strengthen the embankment, evacuate the residents in low-lying areas, establish an emergency plan for flood control, do a good job of possible flood prevention, equip with sufficient food and rescue equipment, prepare for flood discharge in advance, and so on.

Effective measures to fight drought: We will strengthen the education of the whole people's awareness of the water crisis, establish water-saving agriculture, industry and society, implement the drought prevention plan system, establish a drought control information system and a drought resistance material reserve system, and improve the emergency response capacity to drought disasters; We should strengthen the construction of drought-fighting facilities, improve water supply capacity and water resource utilization efficiency, transfer water across river basins, and control the number of people.

Anti-insect measures: pesticide insecticide, introduction of natural enemies, trapping adults or larvae.

Typhoons: Forecasts and early warnings should be made in advance, dams and waterways should be strengthened, gas circuits should be repaired, fishing boats and fish rafts should be reinforced, ships should anchor deeply when entering ports, and coastal shelterbelts and coastal protection should be built.

:*: Raising awareness of disaster prevention and mitigation; support at all levels; appropriate population migration; Aizhong arranges settlements and takes care to avoid fault zones; Mountainous areas should be greened to the maximum extent and maintain a high vegetation coverage rate; For some landslides, debris flows and other geological disasters prone to the area, take engineering treatment; New buildings should be more earthquake-resistant; We should prudently develop the heavy chemical industry and improve the mode of transportation and communications.

For individuals: In case of **, take refuge first, find a gap under the table and bed, lean against the corner of the wall and bend your body, seize the opportunity to escape, stay away from all buildings, and squat in the open ground after the shock.

Forest fires: Everyone should establish the awareness of "forest fire prevention". Establish and improve forest protection and fire prevention organizations and systems.

Carry out publicity and education on forest protection and fire prevention. Strict fire source management. Establish forest fire prevention facilities.

1. Open up fire roads. 2. Create a fireproof forest belt. 3. Build forest roads.

4. Set up a fireproof lookout. ）

Sandstorms: 1We should strengthen the protection of the environment and raise the protection of the environment to the level of the legal system.

2.Restore vegetation and strengthen biocontainment systems to prevent windblown sandstorms. 3.

Formulate plans for disaster prevention, disaster resistance, and disaster relief in accordance with local conditions in different regions, actively promote various disaster reduction technologies, and build a number of demonstration projects to gradually promote them from point to point, so as to further improve the regional comprehensive defense system. 5.Control population growth, reduce the pressure of human factors on the land, and protect the environment.

Cold wave: The key points of the forecast are the high-latitude weather system, the source and southward path of the cold air, the intensity of the cold wave and the time of impact on various places. The defense mainly includes cold protection for crops, covering plastic film, artificial heating, issuing cold wave warnings, reminding residents to pay attention to keeping warm, and preventing the adverse effects of bad weather brought by cold waves on buildings and traffic.

Prevention of natural disasters I

Flood disaster prevention.

1. When the flood comes, those who have not had time to move should quickly move to the nearest hillside, high ground, building, flood shelter and other places, or immediately climb to the roof, high-rise buildings, big trees, high walls and other high places to take shelter.

2. If the flood continues, and the temporary shelter is difficult to protect itself, it is necessary to make full use of the prepared life-saving equipment to escape, or quickly find some door panels, tables and chairs, wooden beds, large pieces of styrofoam and other floating materials to form a raft to escape.

3. If you have been surrounded by floods, you should try to get in touch with the local flood control department as soon as possible, report your location and danger, and actively seek rescue.

Note: Do not swim to escape, do not climb live power poles, iron towers, and do not climb to the roof of mud houses.

4. If you have been caught in the flood, you must grab something fixed or floatable as much as possible and look for an opportunity to escape.

Prevention of natural disasters II

Common sense of landslide disaster.

When you are unfortunate enough to encounter a landslide, you must first be calm and do not panic. Then take the necessary measures to quickly evacuate to a safe place. If you can't escape from a landslide, quickly hold on to a fixed object such as a tree next to you.

You should take care to protect your head, and you can wrap your head with clothing around you.

Prevention of natural disasters III

Common sense of mudslide disasters.

A mudslide is a special torrent of landslides caused by heavy rainfall and carrying a large amount of sediment and rocks in mountainous areas or other areas with deep ravines and steep terrain. Debris flow has the characteristics of suddenness, fast flow rate, large flow rate, large material capacity and strong destructive power. Mudslides often wash away transportation facilities such as roads, railways, and even villages and towns, causing huge losses.

When you find a debris flow, you should immediately climb the slopes on both sides in a perpendicular direction to the debris flow, the higher you climb, the better, and the faster you run, the better, and you must not go downstream of the debris flow.

Prevention of natural disasters IV

Common sense of the hazards of lightning.

In case of thunder and lightning, if you are indoors, do not go near the window, as far away as possible from the electric lights, **, the lead of the outdoor antenna, etc.; Quickly cut off the power to the TV. The following rules should be followed outdoors to ensure safety:

1. Don't stay on the platform of a tall building during a thunderstorm.

2. You can't take shelter from thunderstorms under big trees.

3. If there is a feeling of ants crawling away on the head, neck and hands during the thunder and lightning, and the hair stands up, it means that a lightning strike will occur, and you should quickly lie on the ground, which can reduce the risk of being struck by lightning, and take away the metal jewelry, hairpins, necklaces, etc. worn on the body.

4. Don't pull together with people when walking outdoors during thunderstorms, and it is best to use plastic rain gear, raincoats, etc.