The composition of the world and the origin of life on earth

Well, the problem range of lz is so large = -

1.Are there any ancient civilizations:

Probably, there are many books that contain relevant information and events. If anything, it must be more than 1 generation. Think clearly, human beings are still very backward, and so far we have not thoroughly understood the history of our home planet (Earth) and how it was formed.

Some people claim to know, but in fact it is just a conjecture. If we humans become extinct, there is also a possibility that other creatures will appear on the earth.

2.What was it like before the birth of the universe:

All that has been known so far is hypothesis, and this question should be asked to find aliens who are more developed than us -- but I won't talk about whether they know it or not.

3.How did the world's creatures evolve:

Humans were extinct because of the dinosaurs, although the development of this climate was more suitable for apes, so apes evolved. That's people ==. As for the aliens, I don't know.

You can ** an American EA game "Spore" to play, although it is not about human beings, but similar to the development process of human beings, and the appearance has your own definition (occupy memory, please be careful).

Okay, all hands hug and leave Also, lz your ID thundered to me = =

Scientists are still hotly debated.

The theory of the origin of life on earth.

1. The origin of life on the earth: the earth was originally a lifeless response, in the drastic changes of the earth environment at that time, some uncleaned stool after a complex chemical change process, the formation of some simple organic matter, these organic matter after a rather complex physical and chemical change combined together, and then formed the first organism on the earth.

2. The earliest organisms on Earth should have been a group of cyanobacteria called cyanobacteria, which evolved the ability to photosynthesize. They form large thin layers on the ocean floor, sometimes in layered accumulations called stromatolites, and they are among the oldest fossils, dating back about 3.5 billion years ago. At the beginning of the Proterozoic, life on Earth was still confined to the oceans.

However, due to the continuous photosynthesis of algae and some bacteria, a large amount of oxygen is produced, and some eukaryotic organisms with true nuclei have begun to appear, such as primitive sponges and jellyfish-like organisms.

1. The origin of the earth has been a concern of people since ancient times. In ancient times, people had the question of the formation of all things in the heavens, including the earth, and various myths about the creation of the world were also widely spread. Since 1543, after the Polish astronomer Copernicus proposed the heliocentric theory, the discussion of the evolution of celestial bodies began to enter the scientific category, and gradually formed theories such as the nebula theory and the encounter theory.

But in fact, any hypothesis about the origin of the earth has yet to be proven.

2. The earth was formed billions of years ago, and it is difficult to find the traces of the early days on the ground, and the subsequent historical appearance is extremely incomplete. It is very difficult to deduce the original situation step by step from the face of the earth. Any hypothesis of the origin of the earth contains hypotheses that need to be proven.

Because of this, different hypotheses often diverge greatly. For more than 2,000 years, dozens of hypotheses have been proposed about the origin of the earth. By the time of artificial satellites, the field of direct detection had expanded to interplanetary space.

The exploration of this issue has also entered a new active stage.

The Earth is diverged from nebulae.

In the beginning, it was just an aggregate of some cosmic solid particles. In the process of movement, it continues to absorb the cosmic particles around it, and finally condenses into a sphere. The average temperature of the initial Earth is estimated to be no more than 1000, so it is all in a solid state.

After the formation, due to the decay of the long-lived radioactive material and the release of gravitational potential energy, the interior slowly warms, so that the iron contained in the primitive earth leaks into a liquid state early, and some iron oxides will also be reduced. As heavy matter is concentrated towards the center of the Earth, the potential energy released can increase the Earth's temperature by about 2000. This facilitates the process of chemical differentiation, which separates the crust from the mantle.

The weathering and erosion of the earth's crust rocks by the atmosphere and water produce sedimentary and sedimentary rocks, which are metamorphic by the action of gases and solutions discharged from the ground, as well as by temperature and pressure. These rocks continue to be subjected to all of these processes, and may have undergone multiple cycles of melting and consolidation, forming the core of a continent and then growing into a continent.

The nomenclature of the earth:

The English name of the earth, earth, is derived from Middle English, its history can be traced back to Old English, and there are cognate words in all Germanic languages, and its original Germanic root is constructed as "er ō", which is called "terra" in Latin, which is the name of Thea, the goddess of the earth in ancient Roman mythology. In Greek, it is called " This name is the name of Gaia, the goddess of the earth in Greek mythology.

The Chinese word "earth" first appeared in the Ming Dynasty during the period of Western learning and eastward expansion, and the first to introduce the word was the Italian missionary Matteo Ricci, who used the word in his Kunyu Wanguo Quantu. In the late Qing Dynasty, Western modern science was introduced into China, and the theory of the circle of the earth was gradually accepted by the Chinese, and the word "earth" was widely used.

Most of the animals on land today come from water to land. In the history of the Earth's evolution, the Earth was once a water ball, and the earliest life forms on the Earth were born from water. Humans share many similarities with other aquatic mammals.

Some scientists believe that early humans lived in water.

According to the Gondwana continental theory, about 8 million years ago, an ape-like arboreal animal known as the closest common ancestor of modern humans and apes inhabited the dense forests of Africa. Later, the offspring of this animal split into two branches and went their separate ways, one evolved into a human primate, while the other remained in the forest to become a modern ape.

However, a new scientific discovery has made this theory difficult to justify: the African savannah appeared after humans learned to walk on two feet.

What theories could explain the reasons for the parting of the ways between man and ape?Some scientists believe that the tree apes came down from the trees and came to a flat habitat, not flat land covered with soil and grass, but in water. Early humans lived for nearly a few million years, and before they came to land, they shed their hair and evolved their own unique characteristics, a view known as the "Ahuizotl theory".

It was proposed by Elena Morgan, a female scholar who won an award for her book "The Ahuizotl Hypothesis".

Morgan points out that most early human fossils were found in water-covered areas or at the water's edge in prehistoric times, with many fossils of crocodile eggs and crab shellfish also found near the site of the most famous human fossil, Lucy, known as Eve.

Morgan also pointed out that there are many biological similarities between humans and aquatic mammals such as dolphins, hippos, and walruses, one of which is subcutaneous fat, which acts like a thermal blanket to prevent body heat from being lost quickly underwater, because water absorbs heat faster than air. Most terrestrial mammals, including our closest relative, apes, do not have this layer of subcutaneous fat, instead they have a thick layer of hair. Humans and aquatic mammals have little or no hair.

Morgan argues that there are many characteristics of human life in the water

1.The nostrils are facing down rather than upwards so that water does not enter the nasal passages while diving.

2.The human body needs iodine and 2 3 fatty acids, which are important nutrients for brain development, which are very rare in food on land, but have a lot in fish and shellfish.

3.Humans are covered by many sebaceous glands, which secrete an oily fluid called sebum to make the hair and sebum smooth, while apes have almost no such sebaceous glands.

There is also some corroboration to the theory that humans originated from Ahuizotl. Scientists once found a well-preserved dried mermaid corpse in an indigenous tribe, which, according to locals, was a "sea witch" caught by their ancestors while fishing at sea. Many people also believe that mermaids are not just a beautiful legend, but a branch of the ancient apes that evolved in the water and eventually became extinct due to environmental changes.

The first to emerge was the source of life proteins. Only then did single-celled life come on. The earliest is the mother of microorganisms.

500 million years ago, the land was full of bare mountains and earth, and there was no life except stone and sand, and there was no soil on which life depended. It wasn't until 425 million years ago that seaweed accumulated enough oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere to form an ozone layer to protect life exposed to sunlight that organisms could surface. The first life on Earth appeared 4.5 billion years ago.

Life at this time was something like a bacterium, it had only one cell, and all plants and animals on Earth today are made up of cells. In the long years that followed, this small, single-celled life spread across the oceans and lived in solitude for about 2 billion years. At this time, the earth was empty and lonely, and the air was poisonous and impossible to breathe.

There is no oxygen in the atmosphere, and there is no ozone layer to protect life, and the intense ultraviolet radiation that hits the ground can kill the vast majority of life in just an hour. About 700 million years ago, single-celled organisms evolved into multicellular organisms, which, like today's plants, relied on photosynthesis to absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. It took a long time for this small life, which can only be seen under a microscope, to fill the Earth's atmosphere with oxygen.

In this way, the earliest life on Earth evolved from simple single-celled organisms to some more complex life. This is a major breakthrough in life. Some experts speculate that lichens were the first life on shore, and it was the decomposition of the rocks by the lichens, coupled with the natural differentiation that laid the groundwork for the creatures that landed later, because no other terrestrial life could survive without soil.

In the process of evolution, life has successively managed the environment in which we live. After life first climbed from the ocean to land, it continued to develop new habitats until it reached every corner of the planet. In the freezing ice of Antarctica, which is minus 23 degrees Celsius, there are algae and fungi that live freely; In boiling water that reaches its boiling point near an undersea volcano, there is also life that lives peacefully.

The animal that is known to live in the lowest part of the world is a bug-like sea creature; Life also exists at an altitude of more than 6 kilometers above sea level on Mount Everest. The ancient and vast sppt of the grain is the most single life form on the earth in ancient times, with a short survival period, about half an hour, and their free nature depends on external forces. Although the dark gray polyps are born and die instantly, the total amount is extremely large, covering the vast surface.

The age of the scuba is as simple and pure as the baby of the earth. The unsightly polyplet appears to be a vesicular monocytoplasma with several cilia at the edges of its body that fan slowly. They began 4.72 billion years ago, flourished, lasted for about a million years, and then declined to nothing in the last 400,000 years.

After the polyparticles, the earth ushered in the second batch of gorgeous flowers of life - microbial mothers. This is the life of the earth in the true sense of the word, the microbial mother, in large quantities during the period of depletion, and they dominate the world for about 300,000 years.

If you're interested in the truth, check it out: The Science of Faith series.

Personally, I feel that it will be very specific and convincing, and I don't want to ...... the speculation of scientists

It has been about 100 million years since the birth of the Earth to the present day. Life on Earth has undergone a long evolutionary process from scratch, from simple prokaryotic single-celled organisms to complex eukaryotic multicellular organisms. The emergence of life on earth has its own chance and its inevitability.

The early evolution of the stars and the formation of the solar system gave the planet Earth a special interstellar position and material composition. The early environment of the earth was suitable for the emergence of life, and the activities of life on the earth also changed the environment of the earth. The environment is closely related to life, and the evolution of organisms is the result of the co-evolution of organisms and the environment.

If we count from the oldest known fossils of organisms on Earth (about 3.5 billion years ago prokaryotic fossils), the evolutionary history of life on Earth accounts for nearly 6 7 in the Precambrian. It should be said that a series of "milestone" events in the history of biological evolution occurred during this geological history. Primitive life originated between 3.5 billion and 4.6 billion years ago, and also gave rise to simple ecosystems; the emergence of eukaryotic life 2.7 billion years ago; From the late Mesoproterozoic to the Neoproterozoic, there was the early differentiation of multicellular animals and multicellular plants, as well as the evolution of complex ecosystems.

Early Earth.

The emergence of biological multicellular cells should be the result of the co-evolution of the environment and organisms in the early days of the earth. Cyanobacteria and bacteria were the main players in changing the early Earth's environment, they appeared 3.5 billion years ago, occupied nearly 2 billion years of life on Earth, and the stromatolite-microbial mats formed by cyanobacteria and bacteria were widely distributed in the oceans at that time, and they fixed CO2 in the atmosphere in the lithosphere while releasing oxygen. But the early atmosphere and primordial oceans contained large amounts of reducing material, coupled with strong volcanism, the free oxygen produced by cyanobacterial photosynthesis did not accumulate in the atmosphere quickly.

After nearly 1 billion years of accumulation, about 2.2 billion years ago, the earth's atmosphere finally contained a certain amount of free oxygen and formed an ozone layer, and aerobic eukaryotic single-celled organisms also evolved from prokaryotes to appear in the ocean at that time.

Terrestrial plants evolved about 100 million years ago from certain algae that live in the oceans; The most primitive types of vertebrates can be traced back to the ancient oceans hundreds of millions of years ago; Invertebrates predate the history of vertebrates by at least 20 million years; The macroalgae in the oceans have a longer evolutionary history, and their ancestors may have lived in the ancient oceans 2 billion years ago. Some prokaryotic life such as bacteria, cyanobacteria have lived on Earth for more than 3.5 billion years.

Today, industrious hands are peeling open this ancient rock formation, looking for the traces left by life over hundreds of millions of years, and reading the chapter of life evolution with wisdom.