What was the history of Europe from the 1st century to the 16th century AD?

The social development of Europe in the 14th and 16th centuries was characterized by the gradual collapse of feudal society and the gradual rise of capitalism, marked by the great geographical discoveries, the Renaissance, the reform of religion, and the rise of the nation-state, and Europe entered the modern period. in politics. Economy.

Culture has manifestations such as:

1. Political aspects.

In most parts of Europe, feudal society, serfdom, and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church declined and eventually disappeared. This period also included the Protestant Reformation, the disastrous Thirty Years' War, the European colonization of the Americas, and the witch hunt in Europe.

2. Economic aspects.

The capitalist economy began to develop in the republics of northern Italy, such as Genoa. In modern times, Hu has also witnessed the development and dominance of mercantilist economic theory.

The 5th to 11th centuries AD was its early period, that is, the period of the formation of feudal society. The 12th to 15th centuries AD was the middle of the Middle Ages, that is, the heyday of feudal society. The 15th century to the middle of the 17th century was the end of the Middle Ages, that is, the period of the decline of feudal society and the emergence of capitalism, that is, the Renaissance.

The Middle Ages (c. 476 AD 1453 AD) was an era in European history (mainly Western Europe) that lasted from the fall of the Western Roman Empire (476 AD) to the fall of the Eastern Roman Empire (1453 AD).

The Middle Ages or the early Middle Ages were generally called the "Dark Ages" in Europe and the United States because of the frequent wars brought about by feudal separation, which led to the stagnation of the development of science and technology and productive forces, and the people lived in hopeless misery.

The Middle Ages was feudalism, while the capitalist mode of production also first appeared in the economy of autonomous cities in northern Italy.

The Middle Ages saw the first large-scale urbanization in Northern and Western Europe.

Many modern European countries trace their country's ** back to the major events of the Middle Ages.

The political boundaries of modern Europe are, in many ways, the product of military and dynastic politics in this period of disorder.

A.D. 1501-1600

Because there is no 0 AD, the 1st century AD is actually 1-100 AD.

By analogy, the 16th century is 1501-1600.

Stage characteristics: the collapse of feudal society and the rise of capitalism.

1 Economic aspects.

From the 14th century to the early 17th century, Europe was in the midst of the disintegration of feudal society and the rise of capitalism. Agriculture, handicrafts and the commodity economy developed further, and in the Mediterranean coast and in some parts of north-western Europe, the germ of capitalist relations of production took place, the early stages of the capitalist mode of production, the workshop handicrafts, and the capitalist relations of production developed step by step in the countryside.

2 Political aspects.

In Europe from the 14th to the 16th century, with the decline of the feudal system, the anti-feudal struggle became an important part of politics, not only the anti-feudal struggle of the peasants, such as the German Peasants' War, but also the bourgeois revolution in which the bourgeoisie and the new aristocracy demanded the seizure of power, the Dutch Revolution in the late 16th century was the first successful bourgeois revolution, and the independent Netherlands became a typical capitalist country in the 17th century.

3. Ideological and cultural aspects.

14 In the 16th century, with the germination of capitalism, the emerging bourgeoisie in the ideological and cultural fields set off the Renaissance and the Reformation in order to break through the concepts and shackles of the Catholic Church and feudal traditions, and lifted the spiritual shackles for the development of European capitalism.

4.International relations.

1) Around the 16th century, there was a major turning point in the history of mankind, before which mankind basically lived in isolated areas, after the opening of new shipping routes, the ties between the regions of the world were further strengthened, and the histories of various peoples gradually merged into a unified human history. With the opening of new shipping routes, the colonialists represented by Spain and Portugal stepped up their colonial expansion in Asia, Africa and Latin America, which became an important means of primitive accumulation of European capital.

2) Beginning in the 17th century, in order to adapt to the development of capitalism, Britain, France, the Netherlands and other countries wantonly colonized and expanded, fiercely fought for colonies and colonial hegemony, and Britain successively defeated Spain, the Netherlands and France, and established the world's colonial hegemony in the mid-18th century.

The European Middle Ages lasted from the 5th century AD to the 15th century AD.

The Middle Ages, which lasted from the 5th century to the 15th century AD, were an intermediate period in which the three major traditions of European history were divided. The Middle Ages began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire (476 AD) and ended with the Renaissance and the Age of Exploration (the Great Discoveries). It is also believed that the Middle Ages ended with the fall of the Eastern Roman Empire.

The medieval period is often portrayed as an "age of ignorance and superstition" in which "religious discourse takes precedence over personal experience and rational activity". This is a legacy of the Renaissance and Enlightenment, when scholars compared their intellectual culture to that of the medieval period.

The Middle Ages (c. 476 AD 1640 AD) was an era in European history (mainly in Western Europe), from the fall of the Western Roman Empire (476 AD) to the English bourgeois revolution (1640 AD).

There is also a theory that the Middle Ages ended with the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The term "Middle Ages" was first used by the Italian humanist Biondo in the late 15th century. Europe during this period did not have a strong regime to rule.

The feudal secession brought frequent wars, the Catholic Church's imprisonment of the people's thoughts, caused the development of science and technology and productive forces to stagnate, and the people lived in hopeless suffering, so the Middle Ages or the early Middle Ages in Europe and the United States are generally called the "Dark Ages", and it is traditionally considered to be a period of relatively slow development in the history of European civilization. (As for its name, it's also called "medieval ages.")"or"middle times", also known as "dark ages.""）