How to prevent, control and treat myopia in adolescents?

The holiday is coming, and the outpatient clinic of the hospital is in a peak period of myopia optometry and glasses for teenagers. In the daily outpatient work, parents often ask: Why does my child suffer from myopia?

Does my child have true myopia or pseudomyopia? What is the danger of myopia? If your eyesight is not good, how to get a suitable pair of glasses?

Is there any good ** plan for myopia? Focusing on these problems, we will briefly introduce the prevention, control and ** three major sections of myopia: "true" myopia or "pseudo" myopia?

The so-called "true" myopia means that the refraction of myopia is not reduced after the pupil is fully dilated, or the degree of reduction is less.

Degree. "Pseudo" myopia refers to the disappearance of myopia after the examination of dilated pupils, presenting as emmetropia or farsightedness. It is generally believed that this is reversible myopia.

It is often the early stage of myopia occurrence and development. In between, mixed myopia is defined as mixed myopia if the refraction of myopia is significantly reduced after adequate pupil dilation, but it does not return to emmetropia.

Parents can detect the first signs of myopia in time and actively go to the hospital**, and most children's vision can be effectively restored. Therefore, in the adolescent stage, whether "true" or "pseudo" myopia occurs.

should be taken seriously to prevent further increase in myopia.

Why are teenagers prone to myopia? During adolescence, the developing eyeball tissue is delicate and fragile. At this stage, children have a wide range of interests, strong desire for knowledge, heavy homework, read a lot, love to surf the Internet, watch TV, have few outdoor activities, and their eyes are in a state of nearsight for a long time; In addition, the lack of attention to eye hygiene, such as reading too close, reading posture is wrong, reading books for a long time and forgetting to rest, etc., cause the muscles with adjustment function in the eye to continue to contract, affecting the development of the eyeball, resulting in the long anterior and posterior diameter of the eyeball and the formation of myopia.

The so-called "suitable pair of glasses" is to be able to see clearly, comfortably, and long-lasting requirements, and the specific glasses process is as follows:

1.Excludes other eye diseases.

2.Adequate dilated refraction.

3.Try on your glasses before fitting them.

4.Refer to the original prescription.

Note: Computerized refraction alone is not advisable, the refraction needs to be accurate, and the frame should be appropriate.

The higher the degree of myopia, the higher the incidence), and the complications are serious, most of which can cause blindness, which is one of the common causes of blindness in adults, and ranks 6th among blinding diseases in China. The main complications are:

l Retinal degeneration, atrophy, hemorrhage, hiatus.

l Subretinal neovascularization (can cause hemorrhage and affect vision).

l Retinal detachment, cataract l, glaucoma, the above complications can seriously damage vision and even blindness.

The vast majority of people with myopia develop myopia before adulthood.

Children do not know how to protect their eyesight, parents should understand and pay attention to the prevention, control and common sense of myopia in adolescents, so as to prevent the occurrence or development of myopia, so that children can have a bright future.

Scientific eye: 1. Pay attention to three ones when reading and writing, that is, one foot away from the book, one foot away from the table, one inch away from the tip of the pen;

2. Don't look when walking or riding in a car;

3. Don't lie down or look on your stomach;

4. Combine work and rest, do not use your eyes for too long, and take a 10-minute break every 50 minutes or so.

Pay attention to eye hygiene:

1. Don't read and write, watch TV, play video games, surf the Internet, etc. for a long time.

2. Do not read and write when the light is too strong or too weak, it is recommended to use a 40W eye protection bulb for table lamp lighting, and the table lamp should be placed at a distance of about one foot in front of the left; Indoor lighting 40w eye protection lamp should be meters away from the desktop;

3. Watching TV should be moderate, the eye distance is 6 times the diagonal of the TV**, generally watch 40 minutes and rest for 10 minutes; Play less video games, computers, etc., according to relevant data, they are five times more harmful than television.

Myopia is caused by the elongation of the eye axis, which is an irreversible process. For adolescent myopia, there is currently no best way in medicine to cure it forever, and it can only be avoided through scientific correction and improvement of eye habits.

1. It is very important to prevent the front-end screening of myopia in adolescents, regardless of whether the child's eyes are healthy now, schools and parents should pay attention to the monitoring of children's daily eye habits, regularly go to the hospital for eye health examinations every 3 months to half a year, record the growth and development data of children's eyes, and detect problems as early as possible and take timely interventions.

2. At the same time, the school is the main position to promote the prevention and treatment of myopia and eye health education among adolescents, and it is necessary to give full play to this "position" function, train health education teachers, develop and expand health education curriculum resources, support and encourage students to establish health education clubs, carry out vision health peer education, and guide students to use electronic products scientifically and standardly through publications, the establishment of science museums, the introduction of animation images, experts entering the campus, and carrying out prevention and control open classes. Develop good learning and eye hygiene habits in an information-based environment. Through school closed-circuit television, radio, billboards, parents' meetings and other forms, carry out scientific eye care and eye health education for students and parents, and educate parents through school and student radiation.

3. Scientific studies have shown that 2 hours a day and more than 10 hours a week of outdoor activities can reduce the incidence of myopia in adolescents by more than 10%. Parents and schools should urge children to minimize the time spent in close proximity, ensure sufficient time for outdoor activities, and do eye exercises.

4. However, no method can be done once and for all, cultivating good eye habits and assessing eye health status is lifelong, which requires the continuous attention and efforts of the whole society to jointly take care of children's eyes and let them have a bright future.

Exercise more and reasonably control the time you spend looking at your phone.

To protect your eyes and prevent myopia, you must start from your daily routine.

Common ways to protect your eyes in daily life are:

1. The time of close eye use should not be too long, every 40-50 minutes, you should take a little rest for 3-5 minutes, and look into the distance to relieve visual fatigue.

2. Read and write, play with the computer, maintain a correct posture, the height of the table and chair should be appropriate, and the distance between the eyes and the reading materials should be about 33 cm.

3. Mix whole grains, meat and vegetables, eat more vegetables and fruits, and don't eat partially. Lack of vitamins in food is prone to night blindness and dry eye disease, and lack of trace elements chromium and calcium in food makes it easy to suffer from myopia. In addition, it is also necessary to pay attention to regular supplementation of eye vision nutrients, not from the nutrients required by the eyes, enhance the anti-fatigue ability of the eyes, and better protect the eyesight.

Fourth, when reading and writing, the light should be moderate, not too strong or too dark, and the light should come from the left front, so as not to obstruct the vision of the hand shadow. The light should be soft, if it is incandescent, it should be between 25 and 40W, and it is not recommended to read in the sun. Because the intensity of light has a direct impact on pupil dilation, too strong light will increase the intensity of eye accommodation, aggravate the intensity of eye labor, and it is easy to cause myopia after a long time.

Generally, desktop lamps should be less than 40 watts.

5. Avoid reading while walking or reading in a walking car. Because the carriage is shaking, the body is shaking, and the distance between the eyes and the book cannot be fixed, the burden on the glasses will increase. Often, this is likely to lead to myopia.

6. Actively participate in physical exercise to enhance physical fitness. As the eyeball follows the target, the ciliary muscles continue to relax and contract, and the synergistic effect of the extraocular muscles can increase the blood perfusion of the eye, promote the metabolism of the eye, and thus reduce eye fatigue. Moreover, the quality of physical fitness is also closely related to the occurrence of myopia in children.

Malnourished and weak children are prone to myopia.

7. Insist on doing proper eye exercises. By massaging the acupuncture points around the eyes to enhance the blood circulation of the eye socket, improve neuronutrition, eliminate the excessive congestion in the eye, and achieve the purpose of relieving eye fatigue, it is conducive to the prevention and treatment of pseudomyopia in adolescents, and is a good way for adolescents to self-care their eyes.

8. Eat less candy and high-sugar foods. Too much sugar will produce a large amount of acidic substances in the blood, and the acid will combine with the salt in the body, especially calcium, resulting in a decrease in blood calcium, which will affect the toughness of the eye wall, make the eye axis easy to elongate, and promote the occurrence and development of myopia.

Watch less TV, watch less mobile games, read books and study every 45 minutes to rest and look into the distance, pay attention to eye hygiene, often do eye exercises, correct posture when reading, adhere to the above points, you can prevent myopia.

Adolescent myopia is mainly caused by irregular eye use, so the standard use of eyes determines the quality of the eyes. I've seen a story "Zhang Yi's Farewell to the Four-Eyed Sister" about the problem of useful eye norms, I hope it can help you.

To prevent myopia, normal people between the ages of 20 and 40 blink about 20 times per minute, and when they open their eyes and stare at a rapidly changing computer screen, the number of blinks will be reduced to 4 to 5 times per minute, resulting in a serious lack of tear secretion, and the symptoms of dry and sour eyes will appear. Therefore, deliberately blinking is very effective in protecting the eyes. Generally speaking, it is appropriate to blink 300 times a day, which not only helps to promote tear secretion and relieve the symptoms of dryness and acidity, but also cleans the eyes and gives them a small massage to relieve eye fatigue.

In addition, frequent eye bathing with hot water, hot towels, or steam can improve blood circulation in the eye area and reduce eye fatigue.

The lighting of school classrooms focuses on visual health and comfort. A good lighting environment can make students have a good psychological feeling, thereby stimulating students' enthusiasm for learning and improving the efficiency of visual homework.

In order to adapt to the lighting environment of the classroom, the human visual organ adjusts itself, and the eye muscles are overly tense, and the comfortable lighting environment can avoid diseases on the visual organs and prevent visual diseases.

First of all, watch less TV, play less with computers, mobile phones and other electronic products; Secondly, don't get too close to each other when writing homework and reading books; Finally, you can also eat some eye-friendly foods, like carrots.

Maintain the correct eye posture and method, such as keeping your eyes at least 25cm away from the book, reading a book or TV computer for a while (one hour), resting for 5 to 10 minutes, etc.

For the prevention of myopia in adolescents, it is necessary to start from the first, now it is found that the proportion of myopia in adolescents is getting higher and higher, and the age is getting younger and younger, and there are probably three reasons for comprehensive analysis, which need to be prevented from these three aspects, as follows:

1. Reduce the time and frequency of eye use: There is a high intensity of close eye use, so it is necessary to reduce the time and frequency of eye use, and keep in mind the rule of "that is, after 20 minutes of close eye use, slide early, and look at 20 feet far away, that is, six meters away for 20 seconds, which can well relieve eye fatigue.

2. Control the time of using electronic products: too long, too early to use electronic products, so parents and schools should control the use of electronic products, as far as possible when assigning homework, at home, if you must use mobile phones or tablets, it is recommended to project the content to TV, projector, put the image to zoom in, far away, you can reduce the myopia caused by electronic products.

3. Increase outdoor activity time: If it is myopia caused by the lack of outdoor activity time, to increase outdoor activity time, the general kindergarten recommends three hours of outdoor activities a day, two hours of outdoor activities a day above primary school, and more than 10 hours of outdoor activities a week, which is the most effective, cheapest, and most cost-effective way to control myopia.