The relationship between Li Zhen and the Donglin Party

They were all literati of the Ming Dynasty and had no relationship with each other. The Donglin Party was a political group dominated by Jiangnan scholars in the late Ming Dynasty. In 1604 AD, Gu Xiancheng and others repaired the Donglin Academy where Yang Shi lectured in the Song Dynasty, and Gao Panlong and others lectured in it.

Those who admire the wind of the courtiers are more distant and corresponding. This kind of political lecture activity has formed a wide social impact. The "Three Wu gentry", various political representatives in the government and the opposition, forces in the southeastern cities, and powerful factions in some places all gathered around the Donglin faction centered on the Donglin Academy.

The people of the time called it the Donglin Party. Li Zhen (1527 1602) was originally surnamed Lin, his name was Zaizhen, and later his surname was changed to Li, his name was Zhen, his name was Hongfu, his name was Zhuowu, and he was also known as Wenling Jushi. Li Zhen has used many names in his life, as well as Duwu, Baiquan Jushi, Hongfu, Si Zhai, Longhusuo, Bald Weng and so on.

Li Zhen is a generation of grandmasters of the Taizhou School, the founder of the Chinese Ming Dynasty scholar Wang Gen, a branch of the Yangming School, known as the "Left Wang School". Li Zhen has been stubborn since childhood, good at independent thinking, not bound by the traditional concept of Cheng Zhu's science, and has a strong anti-traditional concept. In terms of social value orientation, he criticized the emphasis on agriculture and the suppression of business, promoted the merits of businessmen, and advocated utilitarian values, which met the development requirements of the budding capitalism in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.

Tetsuhan (with great knowledge) Yuzawa (favor).

Tang Xianzu despised the feudal magnates all his life and often offended celebrities. In his later years, he was indifferent and poor, and refused to deal with county officials. This style of personality made him have close contacts with Gu Xiancheng and Zou Yuanbiao, who were members of the Donglin Party who were strict in their conduct and criticized the corrupt politics of the time, and also made him respect such "Geng Jie" or "indulgent" figures as Hai Rui and Xu Wei.

This character trait of Tang Xianzu is also clearly reflected in his works. "History of the Ming Dynasty" recorded that he was "generous" and "rubbed the poor and old".

Tang Xianzu's thinking in his later years was relatively negative, which was related to his dedication to Buddhism and his long-term stay outside the political struggle after his resignation. He called himself "a remote state ronin, a remnant of the prosperous world", and said that "the world is just a matter of hearing, just going with it". Later, he called himself "Cocoon".

In the era in which Tang Xianzu lived, the literary world was dominated by the quasi-ancient trend of thought, and the "latter seven sons" who inherited the "first seven sons" were extremely prestigious. When Tang Xianzu was 21 years old, Li Panlong, the leader of the "Later Seven Sons", had died, but another leader, Wang Shizhen, continued to be the leader of the literary league and "operated alone for 20 years".

When Tang Xianzu was young, he criticized Li Mengyang of the "first seven sons", Li Panlong and Wang Shizhen of the "last seven sons", and criticized them for "adding or subtracting the literal parts of Han history and Tang poems" in their works. Later, he even criticized "Li Mengyang's following works" and "other forgeries", and said sharply: "The name of the forger is quite ......Its literature is related to the national system, and it can be crowned with jade and deceive people.

The fundamental flaw of the proposition of the seven sons before and after that "the text must be Qin and Han, and the poetry must be prosperous in the Tang Dynasty" is that they blindly imitate the words and sentences of the previous works, and even change their faces and plagiarize the words and sentences of their predecessors.

Tang Xianzu believes that "the articles of the Han and Song dynasties are extremely interesting". He also emphasized that the beauty of the article lies in the "natural aura", not in the step-by-step process. These ideas of his had a certain influence on the public security faction that later raised the banner of anti-antiquity.

It can be said that in the process of opposing the pseudo-ancient faction, Tang Xianzu was an important figure between Li Zhen and Xu Wei to the public security faction headed by Yuan Hongdao.

Tang Xianzu's poems, in his early years, were influenced by the beautiful poetry style of the Six Dynasties, in order to fight against the "poetry must flourish in the Tang Dynasty", and later wrote poems and pursued the difficult style of Song poetry, his creative practices were not enough to compete with the pseudo-archaic school. Tang Xianzu's ancient prose is long in argumentation and has the characteristics of "good argumentation". His letters were written with emotion and fluency, and he was admired by posterity.

He was also good at historiography and revised the "History of the Song Dynasty", but unfortunately the draft was not completed.

"Talking about the Twelve Emperors of the Qing Dynasty": more authoritative.

Speaking of the Qing Dynasty" series.

The Ethereal Record of the Imperial Fragrance" "The Legend of the Orchid in the Imperial Garden".

The Second Year of the Qing Palace

Trivia of the Qing Palace" "Cixi and I".

The above three books are written by the sisters of Deling Rongling, who were the former female officials of the Empress Cixi, and have certain historical reference value.

You can also go to the library to search, or go to the museum to look for it, if you can't do it, just watch more TV series, anyway, there are a lot of Qing dramas now, you can search for the history of TV dramas while watching, I believe you can get a lot.

The language of ancient Chinese poetry is simple and plain, but it contains a deep affection in the plainness. There is no trace of hard tempering in each sentence, but every sentence does not seem thin. Man and nature are highly compatible in spirit, the scenery and feelings are poetically combined, and the whole poem is a harmonious and complete whole, tranquil and beautiful.

With the expression of purified scenery, there is a kind of simple and clear beauty. It makes people feel clear and refreshing, and purifies the feelings.

The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) was the last unified dynasty established by the Han Chinese in Chinese history, with 12 emperors and 16 emperors.

In 1368 AD, Zhu Yuanzhang, the Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, was proclaimed emperor in Nanjing Yingtianfu, and the country name was Daming. Because the emperor of the Ming Dynasty was surnamed Zhu, he was also called Zhu Ming. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the capital was set in Yingtianfu, and in 1421, the capital was moved to Shuntianfu, and the south Zhili was established in Yingtianfu.

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, after the rule of Hongwu, the prosperity of Yongle, the rule of Renxuan, etc., the national strength was strong and the politics were clear. In the middle period, the civil engineering changes from prosperity to decline, and then through the Hongzhi Zhongxing, Wanli Zhongxing national recovery, in the later period, due to political corruption and natural disasters led to the decline of national strength, the outbreak of the late Ming Dynasty peasant uprising. In 1644, Li Zicheng invaded Beijing, and Ming Sizong hanged himself in the coal mountain.

The Ming Dynasty clan established the Southern Ming regime in the south of the Yangtze River, and then the Qing Dynasty took advantage of the chaos to enter the customs and defeated the peasant rebel army and the Southern Ming regime, and in 1662 the Yongli Emperor Zhu Youlang was killed, and the Southern Ming perished. In 1683, the Qing army captured Taiwan, and the Ming and Zheng dynasties ended.

The territory of the Ming Dynasty included the Han Dynasty, and in the early Ming Dynasty, the northeast reached the Sea of Japan and the Outer Khingan Mountains, and later shrunk into the Liao River Basin; north to the Gobi Desert, and then retreat to the Ming Great Wall; northwest to Hami, Xinjiang, and then retreated to Jiayuguan; It borders the Bay of Bengal in the southwest, and then turns back to about present-day Yunnan; And in the Qinghai-Tibet region has a guard station, Ming Chengzu also recovered Annan, the Ming Dynasty was extremely prosperous with a land area of about 10 million square kilometers.

In the Ming Dynasty, the handicraft industry and commodity economy flourished, commercial market towns and capitalism sprouted, and culture and art showed a trend of secularization. According to the "Ming Shilu", the peak population was 71.85 million, but most scholars believe that the actual population is more than 100 million, and some scholars point out that the population of the late Ming Dynasty was close to 200 million.

The Ming Dynasty was a unified Central Plains dynasty that succeeded the Han and Tang dynasties. In the Ming Dynasty, there were no relatives of the Han Dynasty, the town of the Tang Dynasty, and the old coins of the Song Dynasty, the Son of Heaven guarded the country, and the king died in Sheji. The Qing Dynasty officially evaluated the Ming Dynasty as "Zhilong Tang and Song Dynasty" and "Far Eastern Han and Tang Dynasties".