What are the materials about etiquette abroad ancient and modern .

Nepal The greeting in Nepal is "namaste", and the corresponding gesture is to fold your hands; Take off your shoes before entering Nepalese temples and residences; Be careful not to touch other people's food or utensils with knives, forks, spoons or hands that you have used; Don't touch Nepalese belongings with your feet, it's considered an unserious offense; Pay attention to dress, especially for female travelers, and do not dress revealingly; Permission must be obtained before entering a Hindu temple, as the temple is not open to non-believers; Fur items are strictly forbidden to be brought into the temple grounds; Walking around a temple or stupa should be in a clockwise direction; Permission should be obtained before taking photographs (whether for people or objects); Public intimacy between men and women is frowned upon.

Egypt usually tries not to yawn or sneeze in front of Egyptians, and if you really can't control it, you should turn your face and cover your mouth and say "I'm sorry". The Egyptians hated yawning and thought it was the devil's work. A man yawned and said as if he had sinned

Forgive Allah. And sneezing is not necessarily a bad thing, and if a person sneezes in front of a crowd, he says, "I testify

Nothing but Allah. And the person next to him said, "Allah has mercy on you."

Brazil The customs in Brazil are similar to those in Europe. Brazilians are sometimes more polite, sometimes very easy-going. When they first meet, people shake hands as a courtesy, but relatives and friends greet each other, and they are also used to hugging and kissing each other.

Not only that, but even strangers who don't know each other at all can hug and kiss on the cheek. The "social" etiquette of kissing the cheeks is to kiss each cheek. Men and women greet each other on the cheek, and women are accustomed to doing the same, but in most social circles, blacks are not interested in each other, but are accustomed to shaking hands and patting each other on the shoulder with their left hand.

Men who are closer to each other are used to hugging each other and slapping each other the back. However, due to the high and low social status, there are subtle areas about who should kiss whom.

As follows:

1. Differences in communicative language: In daily greetings, most Chinese use "Have you eaten and regretted friends?" "What's rotten? And so on, which embodies a sense of intimacy between people. But for Westerners, this way of greeting will make the other person feel good.

2. Differences in titles: In the West, titles are more general, and one title can cover many Chinese titles. For example, in the West, men are called Mr. and women are called Lady or Miss.

3. Differences in dining etiquette: Chinese: use chopsticks; When drinking, you will touch the wine glass and make a noise, and generally speaking, the meat dish will be served first, and the soup will be served last, and there is generally no dessert. In the West, a knife and fork will be used, the left fork and the right knife will be used, and the sound of leakage before touching the cavity when toasting can be made, and there will generally be appetizers.

4. Differences in dress etiquette: Western men usually wear conservative suits, white shirts, and ties in formal social occasions. They like black, so they generally wear black leather shoes.

Western ladies wear dress suits on formal occasions. In addition, it is customary for ladies to wear earrings when they go out. In Western countries, especially in the United States, people usually like to wear casual clothes, such as T-shirts and denim clothes.

5. The difference in banquet etiquette: In China, from ancient times to the present, most of them have respected the left, and when entertaining guests, the guests with very distinguished status should be arranged on the upper seat on the left, and then arranged in turn. In the West, the right side is respected, men and women sit apart, couples are also seated separately, and the female guests are seated slightly higher than the male guests, and the men have to pull out the chairs for the female guests to their right as a sign of respect for the women.

Western table manners.

1. Seating arrangement: ladies are preferred. When arranging the seating of Western food, the hostess is invited to take a seat, and the male host is in second place.

Respect the right. When arranging seats, the right is honored. The face door is up.

Those facing the main entrance are seated, and those facing away from the main entrance are seated.

2. The principle of sitting: Generally, the guests sit first, the elderly sit first, the married sit first than the unmarried, and the strangers who are more familiar with the guests or family members sit first.

3. How to use knives and forks: The hand holding the knife and fork is fixed, holding the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left hand.

4. Soup etiquette: When eating Western food, it is a major principle not to make a sound. It is a violation of etiquette to make a noise while drinking soup.

If you eat it in a cup with two ears, you can use the small spoon that came with it to test how hot or cold the soup is. After use, the small spoon can be placed on the chassis close to the side of the body; Do not place in a soup cup. After trying the temperature of the soup, you can hold the ear of the soup cup with both hands and bring the soup cup to your mouth and drink it directly.

As for the food in the soup, you can use a spoon to scoop it. 5. Etiquette for eating bread: The place where the bread is placed must be placed on the left side of the main course.

If you start with bread, know that the bread on the left side of the cutlery is yours. To apply cream, use a personal cream knife, or if you don't have a cream knife attached, use a cooking knife.

Liturgy originated from sacrifice.

In ancient China, there were five rites, the sacrificial thing was an auspicious ceremony, the crown wedding was a wedding ceremony, the guest was a guest ceremony, and the military service was a military ceremony.

The funeral is a murderous ceremony. Folklore believes that etiquette includes four kinds of life etiquette: birth, crown, marriage and funeral.

In fact, etiquette can be divided into two major categories: politics and life. The political category includes the sacrifice to the sky, the sacrifice to the earth, the sacrifice of the temple, the sacrifice of the ancestor and the saint, the drinking ceremony of respecting the teacher's township, the meeting ceremony, the military ceremony, etc. The life category includes the Five Rituals, the Rites of Gao, the Rites, the Birth Ceremony, and the Crown Ceremony.

Eating etiquette, gift etiquette, etc. Chinese etiquette in Chinese culture.

plays the role of "quasi-Fajin".

Chinese etiquette permeates every bit of people's daily life. Etiquette at the table, hospitality, visiting salutes, etc.

Etiquette has its origins in customs. People can not leave the society and the group, people in the long-term communication activities, gradually produced some conventional habits, over time these habits become the norms of communication between people, when these habits are recorded in the form of words and at the same time consciously abide by people, it gradually becomes a fixed etiquette for people's communication, etiquette is also related to the development of sacrifice and social hierarchy.

The ritual of our country originated from the sacrificial activities held in the clan communes...

For foreigners, it is impolite to cross your hands in front of you, and it has the feeling of rejecting people from thousands of miles away; Chinese can wave with their palms down, while foreigners think that this is an action to beckon a dog, so it is impolite, and foreigners should wave with their palms upward.

1. China has been known as the state of communication etiquette since ancient times, and its long history of etiquette development can be roughly divided into 8 periods, including the embryonic period of etiquette, the grass period of etiquette, the formation period of etiquette, the development and reform period of etiquette, the strengthening period of etiquette, the decline period of etiquette, the period of modern etiquette and the period of contemporary etiquette.

2. Etiquette originated in the primitive society period, in the primitive society history of more than 1 million years, human beings gradually civilized things, in the primitive society, there was a germ of early ante finger period etiquette in the late period, for example, the cave people who lived in Zhoukoudian Mountaintop Cave in Beijing about 180,000 years ago already knew how to dress themselves. They wore perforated animal teeth, stone beads as ornaments, and hung around their necks, while their deceased tribesmen were sprinkled with hematite powder to perform primitive religious ceremonies, the earliest burial rites ever found in China.