What tests are needed to confirm the diagnosis of glioma?

Hello, first of all, let your friends not panic, keep a calm mind, wait until the diagnosis is confirmed, and now answer for you. The following tests are better for glioma: (1) Cerebrospinal fluid examination:

Most of the lumbar puncture pressure increases, and some tumors such as those located on the surface of the brain or in the ventricles of the brain can increase the amount of cerebrospinal fluid protein, the number of white blood cells can also increase, and some tumor cells can be detected. (2) Ultrasound: It can help to fix the side and observe whether there is hydrocephalus.

3) EEG examination: EEG changes in cranial gliomas are on the one hand changes in brain waves that are confined to the tumor site. (4) Radioisotope scan (Y-ray brain map):

Tumors with rapid growth and abundant blood vessels have high blood-brain barrier permeability and high isotope absorption rate. (5) Radiological examination: including plain cranial radiograph, ventriculography, computerized tomography, etc.

6) MRI: The diagnosis of cranial glioma is more accurate than CT, and the imaging is clearer, and it can find small tumors that cannot be shown by CT. 8 3 After diagnosis, as an adjunct to cancer**, you can choose some traditional Chinese medicine extract Jinxing (RH2) life guard, which can nourish vitality, increase white blood cells, enhance the body's immunity and resistance, and inhibit the growth and proliferation of cancer cells.

At the same time, gliomas are not very sensitive to chemotherapy, so choosing these adjuncts can often achieve twice the result with half the effort.

1. MRI of the brain: low-grade malignant tumors showed long T1 and long T2 signals with clear boundaries, and high-grade malignant tumors showed longer T1 and T2. Oligodendroglioma shows well-defined tumors with little to no cerebral edema, but no calcifications.

2. Radionuclide examination: the blood-brain barrier permeability of tumors with fast growth and abundant blood vessels increases, the nuclide absorption rate is high, and nuclide concentration can appear at the tumor site; More benign tumors and tumors with necrosis and cyst formation may have low-concentration areas, but they are higher than those of normal tissue.

3. Positron emission tomography (PET): In addition to showing the morphology of the tumor, the growth and metabolism of the tumor can also be observed, and benign and malignant tumors can be distinguished.

4. Plain X-ray of the brain: intracranial hypertension signs, tumor calcification and pineal gland calcification and displacement can be found.

5. Cerebral angiography: showing cerebral vascular displacement and tumor blood.

6. CT of the brain: astrocytoma is mostly hypodensity, intraventricular tumors are mostly hyperdensity, and glioblastoma multiforme is mostly mixed density. After the injection of contrast agent, the accuracy of enhanced scanning positioning was 100%, and the qualitative rate was 90%.

The early symptoms of gliomas are usually subtle and progress at different rates depending on the grade, with symptoms gradually appearing over months or years in low grades, as follows:

1. It usually manifests as headache, nausea, vomiting, and some patients will have epilepsy;

2. Glioma grows near the ** groove of the functional area, and motor and sensory impairments may occur. People with optic nerve gliomas experience visual impairment. Gliomas grow in the language area, and language expression and comprehension can be impaired.

Patients with symptoms such as early morning headache, projectile vomiting, epilepsy, memory impairment or speech impairment are advised to seek medical attention and confirm the diagnosis**.

The diagnosis of glioma should be comprehensively considered and judged by considering the patient's medical history, symptoms, signs, auxiliary examinations, and postoperative pathology. After a patient has clinical symptoms, the most common tests done at presentation include head CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CT of the head can preliminarily determine whether there is an intracranial mass.

On CT, gliomas often appear as intracerebral and low-intensity lesions; Low-grade gliomas generally do not have peritumoral edema, while high-grade gliomas often have peritumoral edema. In addition, CT is superior to MRI in detecting tumor hemorrhage and calcifications. Bleeding from tumor stroke is hyperintense on CT, indicating a high degree of malignancy of the tumor.

The occurrence of calcification of the tumor indicates that the pathological type of the tumor is more likely to be oligobranch. Magnetic resonance imaging is superior to CT examination in showing the location and nature of the tumor. Low-grade gliomas often appear as T1 hypointensis and T2 hyperintense intracerebral lesions on magnetic resonance, mainly located in the white matter, and there is often a clear boundary with the surrounding brain tissue on imaging, peritumoral edema is often mild, and the lesion is generally not enhanced.

High-grade gliomas generally have heterogeneous signals, with T1 low intensity and T2 high intensity; However, if bleeding is present, T1 is sometimes hyperintense; Tumors tend to have significant heterogeneous enhancement; The tumor is not well demarcated from the surrounding brain tissue; Peritumoral edema is severe. Sometimes, gliomas are not easily distinguishable from other pathologies, such as inflammation and ischemia. Therefore, it may be necessary to do other examinations, including PET, MRS, etc., to further understand the glucose metabolism and other molecular metabolism of the lesion, so as to distinguish the differential diagnosis.

In addition, a so-called functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is sometimes done to determine the relationship between the lesion and the function of the surrounding brain tissue. Through these examinations, it is generally possible to make a preliminary clinical judgment on the location and degree of malignancy of the glioma before surgery. However, the final diagnosis depends on the pathological diagnosis after surgery.

Glioma, in general, is a brain tumor, mainly by imaging tests. CT, magnetic resonance. CT may show abnormal density, hypodensity, or even cystic changes or a small amount of calcification, which is different from the density of surrounding normal brain tissue.

Magnetic resonance, depending on the signal, hypointensity and hyperintensity may be surrounded by edema, and there is no clear border with brain tissue, and gliomas will be considered. Spectroscopy by magnetic resonance, PET-CT examination. PET-CT examination is more expensive, and at present, CT and magnetic resonance are more expensive, and it is enough to judge glioma.

When CT or MRI is done, a drug called an enhancement test is administered at the same time, and the enhancement characteristics can also help to diagnose glioma.