1 In what year did the German scientist R ntgen discover the X ray

Roentgenium's greatest contribution was, of course, the discovery of X-rays.

Speaking of which, he found that there is a story to the X-ray. In 1861, the British scientist William Crookes discovered that an energized cathode ray tube had light produced by discharge. So I filmed it.

However, after the development, it was found that nothing was photographed on the entire dry plate, and it was blurry. He thinks that the dry version is old, and he uses a new one.

The version has been photographed three times in a row, and it is still the same. Crookes' laboratory was very rudimentary, and he thought that there was something wrong with the dry version, so he returned it to the manufacturer, and just like that, a great discovery was missed to him. More than 20 years later, in October 1895, Roentgen discovered this phenomenon and was determined to find out.

Röntgenium, who was over half a hundred years old, lived in the laboratory and conducted secret experiments for seven weeks. On November 8, he wrapped the cathode ray tube tightly in black paper, leaving only a narrow slit. This time, he found that when the current passed, a small screen coated with barium cyanoplatinate two meters away glowed brightly.

Roentgen proved that this effect is caused by an invisible ray that can pass through paper and wood 2-3 cm thick, through thin sheets of aluminum, but not through thicker metals and other dense substances. If you put your hand between the tube and the phosphor screen, you can see the bones on your hand. On December 28, he announced his new discovery and called the ray of unknown nature X-ray.

Later generations named the X-ray after him, which became Roentgen rays.

X-ray was used as the basis for X-rays, also known as roentgenology.

1.Roentgen. Rays were discovered by the German physicist Jean in 1895, and the Lunqian Kichen ray, also known as X-ray, is a very short wavelength of electromagnetic radiation, its wavelength is about 10 nanometers.

3.Roentgenium rays have a high penetrating power and can penetrate some opaque substances, such as ink paper, wood, etc.

4.This invisible ray can make many solid materials fluoresce, and Huichun is interested in photographic film sensitivity and air ionization.

Roentgen discovered X-rays while he was working on cathode rays.

In 1895 Roentgen used equipment designed by his colleagues Hertz, Hitoff, Crooks, Tesla and Leonard to study the effect of high-voltage discharges in vacuum tubes.

At the beginning of November, Roentgen repeated the Leonard tube test, which incorporated a narrow window made of aluminium to allow cathode rays to exit the tube, and a piece of cardboard covering the aluminium window to protect it from the strong electric field that generated the cathode rays.

He knew that the paper screen would prevent light from escaping, but observed that when he used a small paper screen coated with barium cyanoplatinate to approach the aluminum window, the invisible cathode rays were able to produce a fluorescent effect on the paper screen. This led Roentgen to think that a Crookes tube with a thicker wall than the Leonard tube might also cause fluorescence.

Late in the afternoon of November 8, 1895, he decided to experiment with his idea. He carefully made a black paper screen similar to the Leonard tube test, covered the Crookes tube with this plate, and placed the electrodes in an induction coil (formerly known as the "Rumkov coil") to generate an electrostatic charge.

Röntgen darkens the room to detect if his cardboard is leaking. When he passed the coil through the tube, he determined that the board was indeed opaque, and proceeded to the next step of the experiment.

Just then, he noticed a faint light from a few meters away from the test tube. To confirm his findings, he tried repeating the above maneuver, seeing the same glimmer each time.

He quickly identified a specific distance from the tube, from which he was able to observe stronger fluorescence than in the previous experiment. He speculated that a new ray might have been discovered.

Over the next few weeks, he lived and ate in the lab, studying almost all the properties of the new ray he tentatively named X-ray, and giving mathematical representations of the unknown.

Achievements: Roentgenium's discoveries not only had a major impact on medical diagnosis, but also influenced the emergence of many major scientific achievements in the 20th century.

Under the influence of Roentgenium, in 1896 Henri Bekele stumbled upon the penetration of a new ray during experiments with luminescent materials. In this way, the discovery of Roentgenium indirectly influenced the discovery of radioactivity. Because of this discovery, in 1903 Bekele and Marie Curie were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize.

The most important field of application of Roentgen rays (i.e. X-rays) to this day is still medical diagnosis. The intensity of the rays used for diagnostics has been greatly reduced, while the diagnostic results can show clearer details. With the help of modern digital technology, Roentgenium radiodiagnostic can already provide a three-dimensional image of the inside of the human body.

The discovery of X-rays is a story of serendipity.

In 1895, in Bavaria, central Germany, Dr. Röntgen was experimenting with the phenomenon of luminescence in sealed glass tubes: high voltages were applied to the electrodes of a vacuum glass tube (sodium tube) equipped with two electrodes.

The experiment itself was not new, and scientists at the time knew that as soon as high voltage was added, the tube would glow. But why it shines, at that time was still a mystery. On the afternoon of November 8, 1895, Röntgen and his wife returned to the laboratory after dinner to observe the luminescence of the thunder tube again.

He took a sodium tube from the shelf and wrapped it tightly in a black paper sleeve.

He then closes the doors and windows, blacks out the room, and then plugs the tube into a high-voltage power supply to discharge it so that the black paper sleeve can be checked for light leakage. Just as he was about to start his formal experiment, he suddenly noticed a strange phenomenon: a piece of cardboard coated with barium cyanoplatinate on a small workbench next door emitted a bright fluorescence.

The power is cut off, and the fluorescence disappears. When Roentgen discovered this phenomenon, he took a closer look at the cause of it, and he passed a series of discharges through the cathode ray tube, resulting in the same flash on the cardboard. He was convinced that the fluorescence emitted by the cardboard could not have been formed by cathode rays, because the energy of cathode rays could not penetrate even a few centimeters of air, and the sodium tube was more than two meters away from the small workbench, and the cathode rays could not travel such a long distance.

So Roentgen removed the cardboard and replaced it with a photographic offset plate, which turned out to be photosensitive. He then placed several things between the sodium tube and the camera plate: keys, shotguns.

Amazingly, even the tiny parts of the key and the metal part of the shotgun were clearly visible.

This is truly an amazing find. Then Röntgen asked his wife to put his hand between the tube and the offset plate, and every bone on his hand and the ring on his hand were revealed.

From that day on, Roentgen lived in a laboratory, conducting research experiments day and night, and finally published his research report on December 28, 1895. On January 5, 1896, a major report on X-rays was published in Vienna** and immediately attracted the attention of the whole world.

Four days after the U.S. reported the incident, X-rays of a bullet in the patient's foot were found. X-rays soon found their way into the medical field. Thomas Henry, a prominent British surgeon at the time, called it "one of the greatest milestones in the history of diagnosis".

In 1901, Roentgen was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his contribution to the discovery of X-rays.

One day, Roentgen was experimenting. When he brought the fluorescent plate close to the aluminum window of the glass tube, he felt that the bright light inside the glass tube affected his observation of the fluorescent plate. So, he searched.

A piece of black paper wrapped in photographic negatives encased in a glass tube. In this way, the light in the glass cannot be seen. When Roentgenium brought the fluorescent plate close to the aluminum window of the glass tube, the fluorescent plate was fired.

There is a faint bright light, but when the fluorescent plate is a little farther away from the aluminum window, the fluorescent plate will not emit light. Roentgen thinks this may be because the cathode rays are being particles of air at a slightly greater distance.

The children collide and fly apart, so that they are invalid.

Roentgen then replaced it with a glass tube without an aluminium window. According to the normal procedure, he wrapped the glass tube, turned on the switch, and reached for the fluorescent plate on the table. Then. He found.

A phenomenon that surprised him was the appearance of a partial hand bone on the edge of the fluorescent plate. Roentgen knew that this was the outline of the hand bones of his hand holding the fluorescent plate. So, he simply refused.

Place your hand behind the fluorescent plate, and as a result, a complete shadow of the hand bone appears on the fluorescent plate.

Strange thing, what's going on? Roentgen decided that it was not a cathode ray because the range of the cathode ray was very short.

It's not cathode rays, so what is it? Roentgen racked his brains and couldn't figure it out. However, he speculated, it may be an unknown ray. In order to figure out the shot.

The nature of the thread, he did a series of experiments:

Place a notebook between the glass tube and the fluorescent plate, which glows as well;

A piece of wood is placed between the glass tube and the fluorescent plate, which also glows;

An iron plate is placed between the glass tube and the fluorescent plate, and the fluorescent plate is only a little bit of light;

Place a lead plate between the glass tube and the fluorescent plate, on which nothing is visible;

For several days, Roentgen did various experiments to understand the "temper" of this ray.

Röntgen had been in the lab, working day and night for days. The strong desire for knowledge made him forget everything, and he seemed to be walking in an unknown world, on both sides.

The beautiful scenery made him linger. Roentgen's wife, who felt that Roentgen had not been home for a few days, was very worried and came to his laboratory.

You're just in time, I'll do a magic trick for you. Röntgen saw his wife and said happily.

So Röntgen put his wife's hand behind the fluorescent plate, and then turned on the switch, and the image of the hand bone appeared on the fluorescent plate, and even the wedding ring was revealed.

Ah, my hands? Röntgen's wife screamed.

Right! It's your hand, how about it, you see how the bones of your hand look! Röntgen said triumphantly.

Roentgen's wife was amazed by this mysterious ray, and asked her husband, "What kind of ray is this?" ”

I don't know what it's called, it's still an X (for unknown)!Röntgen paused for a moment, then added, "Otherwise, it's called 'X-rays'!" ”

Since then, this mysterious ray has been called "X-ray". In honor of its discoverer, Roentgenium, it is also called the "Roentgen Ray".

On the night of November 1895, Professor Röntgen of the University of Pittsburgh, Germany, turned off the lights in order to find out the properties of cathode rays, and prepared to do another cathode ray experiment. The high-voltage power supply is turned on. Suddenly, a strange phenomenon came into his eyes:

Not far from the cathode ray tube, the screen coated with barium platinum cyanide flashed a yellow-green fluorescence. The cathode ray tube is wrapped in black cardboard, and the cathode rays are not transmitted. Röntgen tried to put his hand between the tube and the screen, and a terrifying image appeared on the screen - an image of a hand's bones!

When he discovered that this ray could also sensitize the negative, he photographed a ** of the hand bone for his wife. On December 28, 1895, Roentgen officially announced his new discovery to the scientific community, and at an academic symposium at the beginning of the following year, he used this ray to photograph the skeleton of a hand of the anatomist Klicker on the spot**. Roentgenium's discovery shocked the world, and scholars, experts, and journalists from all over the world came from all over the world to seek advice.

What exactly is this ray? Is it light? Are charged particles?

When asked by reporters, Röntgen said matter-of-factly: "I really don't know, it's like the unknown x in mathematics, I have to call it an X-ray." ”