What are the five substances that make up soil? What are the parts of soil?

Solid matter includes soil minerals, organic matter, and microorganisms. Liquid matter mainly refers to soil moisture. Gases are the air present in the pores of the soil.

Soil is a mixture, much more than just five substances, and the soil varies from place to place.

土 [tǔ], paraphrased as follows:

1.Soil; Soil: Loess. Clay. Dirt Mountain. Soil slope. Mound.

2.Land: Homeland. Territory.

3.Local; Endemic: Indigenous. Dialect. This word is too earthy, and it is difficult for outsiders to understand.

4.Civil; Folk use; Non-modern (as distinguished from "foreign"): local law. Soil Specialist. Both local and foreign.

5.out of fashion; Not opened: rustic. Dirty heads.

6.Unboiled opium: tobacco soil.

7.Surname. There can be the following group of words:

Small soil, loess, potatoes.

Soil contains a large amount of oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and other elements, in addition to trace elements sulfur, phosphorus, manganese, copper, zinc, etc., these elements exist in the form of compounds in the soil.

Soil is composed of a mixture of minerals and organic matter produced by various weathering and biological activities, and exists in solid, gaseous and liquid states. Loose soil particles combine to form a soil filled with gaps, and in these pores there are dissolved solutions (liquids) and air (gases). Therefore, soils are generally considered to have three states.

Most of the soil has a density of 1 2 g cm. Most of the earth's soils were formed later than the Pleistocene, and only a few soil components were formed earlier than the Tertiary period.

Classification of soil. There are many kinds of soil on the earth's crust, in order to facilitate research and practical application, it can be approximately classified according to the engineering properties of the soil, and the particle size composition has always been the basic basis for the classification of soil. The grain group limit values of soils in several countries in the world are shown in the table.

According to the particle size, the soil is first divided into coarse-grained soil with a particle diameter greater than 50% of the millimeters and fine-grained soil with a particle diameter of less than 50% of the millimeters, and the standard for the subdivision of coarse-grained soil is still the particle size composition, and the particle diameter is greater than 2 millimeters and accounts for more than 50% of the gravel soil, otherwise it is sandy soil.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - soil.

The material composition of soil includes solid mineral particles as the skeleton of soil, water and dissolved substances in pores, and gases.

Therefore, soil is a three-phase dispersion system composed of solid phase, liquid phase and gas phase. The solid phase includes a variety of mineral components to form the skeleton of the soil, and the voids between the skeletons are filled by the liquid phase and the gas phase, and these voids are interconnected to form a porous medium; The liquid phase is mainly water; The gas phase is mainly air and water vapor.

Sometimes there is also biogas, etc.

Soil is a three-phase system composed of three parts: solid minerals, liquid water, and gas. The solid substance is divided into inorganic mineral particles and organic matter, which constitutes the skeleton of soil, and a large number of pores run through the skeleton, and the pores are filled with water and air in the liquid phase. The proportion of the three-phase composition of the soil is not fixed.

With the change of the environment, it will produce corresponding changes, which has a great impact on the mechanical properties of the soil. Because air is easily compressed, water can flow out of or into the soil. When soil is only composed of soil particles and air, or soil particles and water, the former is dry soil and the latter is saturated soil.

Land Resources Tutorial Books.

The color of the soil in various places.

Encyclopedia of Soil Knowledge**.

How to change soil pH.

How to regulate the pH of the soil.

Soil is divided into a variety of categories, how to classify and distinguish one, two, three and four types of soil?

Class 1 soil (soft soil): sand, slightly clay sand, humus soil and loose planting soil, peat;

Class II soil (ordinary soil): moist clay and loess, soft saline soil and alkaline soil, accumulation soil and planting soil containing gravel pebbles and building materials;

Three types of soil (hard soil): moderately dense clay soil or loess, moist clay soil or loess containing gravel pebbles, that is, building materials;

Four types of soils (gravel, hard soils): hard and dense clay soils or loess, hardened heavy saline soils, moderately dense clay soils or loess containing gravel pebbles or stones with a volume of 10 -30 kg or less than kilograms.

1. Classification: A type of soil refers to sand, humus, etc.; The second type of soil refers to loess, soft saline soil and alkaline soil, loose and soft gravel, sand and humus mixed with gravel, etc.; The three types of soil refer to clay or ice clay, heavy loam, coarse gravel, dry loess or natural water content loess mixed with gravel; The four types of soil refer to hard clay, heavy loam with gravel, moraine clay with boulder, mud slate, etc.

2. Difference: The firmness coefficient of the first and second types of soil is low (0,5--0 8), and it can be excavated with a shovel and a few pickaxes. The firmness coefficient of the three types of soil is 0 81--1 0, and it must be excavated with a shovel and a pickaxe.

The firmness coefficient of the four types of soil is 1 0 1 5, and the excavation of the soil must be carried out simultaneously with a shovel, a pickaxe and a crowbar.

3. Soil is a loose and soft accumulation that has not yet consolidated into rock. It is mainly a product of the Quaternary period. The fundamental difference between soil and rock is that soil does not have rigid bonds, the physical state is changeable, and the mechanical strength is low.

4. Soil is formed by weathering of various rocks. Soil is located on the surface of the earth's crust and is the main geological environment for human engineering and economic activities. Soil, along with rock, is the object of study in engineering geotechnicals. There is another name for Tukela in the dialect.

5. The shape of the solid particles, mineral composition and composition of the solid particles of the tung return soil have a great impact on the physical and mechanical properties of the soil!

The substances that make up soil are complex and can be summarized into three parts: solids, liquids, and gases.

Soil is made up of three types of substances: solids, liquids, and gases. Solid matter includes soil minerals, organic matter, and microscopic starvation.

Sand. After the rock is weathered, it is carried by the transportation of wind or water flow, the small mass is taken away to form the soil - plain, the medium mass is taken away when the wind speed or flow speed decreases and the sediment is deposited to form a beach (the soil should be carried to a farther place when the carrier speed decreases, and the gravel of the Bilimb wild is deposited in advance), and the large mass remains in place to continue the weathering. In the end, it turned into soil, and that's how the soil on Earth is now formed.

Of course, there are also phenomena of magma eruptions forming rocks, although there are far fewer volcanoes today than in ancient times. The sand used now is brought from the sand field, where the sand gathers.

The main ingredient of sand is silica.

What substances are the soil made of:

Soil refers to a layer of loose material on the surface of the earth, which is composed of various granular minerals, organic matter, water, air, microorganisms, etc., and can grow plants. Soil is composed of minerals weathered from rocks, organic matter produced by the decomposition of animal and plant and microbial residues, soil organisms (solid substances), water (liquid phase substances), air (gas phase substances), and oxidized humus.

Solid matter includes soil minerals, organic matter and nutrients obtained by microorganisms through light sterilization. Liquid matter mainly refers to soil moisture. Gases are the air present in the pores of the soil.

These three types of substances in the soil constitute a contradictory unity. They are interconnected, mutually restrictive, provide the necessary living conditions for crops, and are the material basis of soil fertility.

The substances in the soil can be summarized into three parts: the solid part, the liquid part, and the gas part. Soil minerals are mineral particles of different sizes (sand, soil and gum) formed by the weathering of rocks.

There are many types of soil minerals, and the chemical composition is complex, which directly affects the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and is one of the important nutrients of crops.

Solid soil particles composed of minerals and humus are the main body of the soil, accounting for about 50% of the soil volume, and the pores between the solid particles are occupied by gas and water.

The vast majority of soil gas is oxygen and nitrogen entering the atmosphere, and a small part is carbon dioxide and water vapor produced by life activities in the soil. The moisture in the soil enters the soil mainly from the surface and includes many dissolved substances. There are also various animals, plants, and microorganisms in the soil.

Organic matter

The amount of organic matter is an important indicator of soil fertility, and it is closely combined with minerals. In the general cultivated layer, the organic matter content only accounts for the dry weight of the soil, and the cultivated layer is less, but its role is great, and the masses often call the soil containing more organic matter "oil soil".

According to the degree of decomposition, the soil organic matter is divided into fresh organic matter, semi-decomposed organic matter and humus. Humus refers to the gray and black earth-colored colloidal substances formed by the disgusted transformation of fresh organic matter by enzymes, which retains its nutrients after the harmful bacteria and viruses and parasites are killed by sunlight, generally accounting for more than 85% and 90% of the total soil organic matter.