The working principle of the electroscope is urgent, urgent!! 40

The electroscope principle is the electrical force of the interaction between the positive charge of the nucleus and the negative charge of the electrons outside the nucleus, which varies with the substance.

If a number of neutral atoms or molecules lose one or more electrons due to foreign reasons, then all the protons in these atoms or molecules have more positive charge than all the electrons have negative charge, so they gain a positive charge and become positive ions;

Conversely, if a number of neutral atoms or molecules acquire one or more electrons from the outside world, there are more negative charges than positive charges in these atoms or molecules, so they acquire negative charges and become negative ions.

These phenomena are called ionization. In both cases of ionization, the whole object is charged.

It can be said that all electromagnetic phenomena are caused by the gain and loss or motion of electrons, that is, electrons play an important role in them.

1: It is impossible for object A not to be charged, but the positive charge is reduced;

2: Object B should give electrons with the same negative charge number as A and A, so that A will not be charged;

3: The final electrical property of B is determined by the amount of the original charge, if B is more charged than A, then B and A are negatively charged; It is equivalent to not being electrified; Less than it is positively charged.

4: The angle of the electroscope will be reduced to zero and then open again. It shows that B has more charge than A, and when it comes into contact, it neutralizes A's charge first, and then makes A have the same negative charge as B.

When a positively charged object A touches the electroscope, because the electroscope itself is not charged, and the object A is less electron, the electrons are transferred from the electroscope to the object A, and the electroscope has a positive charge, not that the object has reached an uncharged equilibrium state, but that the electrons on the object and the electroscope have a new distribution, and there is an excess positive charge on them.

If a negatively charged object B is used to contact the electroscope with positive charge at this time, some positive charges can be neutralized, if the positive charge is left, the angle of the electroscope is reduced, and if the negative charge is remaining, the angle is reduced first and then opened.

The distribution of the charges is affected by the repulsive force between the charges and also by the shape. Especially the tip effect.

The electrons on object B are transferred to the electroscope, and if the number of electrons on B is greater than the number of positive charges on the electroscope, the electrons will continue to be transferred.

The electroscope principle is that the same kind of charge repels each other.

The electroscope is a kind of local branch detection of whether the object is charged and roughly estimate the size of the charged instrument, which is the use of current through the electroscope, the human body, the large terrain into a loop, the leakage current to make the neon bubble shine and work. When the object to be inspected comes into contact with the conductor at the top of the electroscope, the charge carried by itself is transferred to the foil inside the glass bell. Since the same charge repels each other, the foil will automatically separate and be stretched at an angle.

According to the size of the two foils at an angle, the amount of charge charged by the object can be estimated.

The specific embodiment of its principle is that when the electroscope is used to test the electrical appliance, if the charge of the electrical appliance is positive, the positive charge attracts electrons, and the electrons flow to the charged object, then the end of the electroscope will be positively charged due to the lack of electrons.

Classification of electroscopes:

1. Low-voltage electroscope. It is used to inspect the right low-voltage electrical equipment with a voltage of 250V and below, and it is also a commonly used electrician safety tool in the family. It is mainly composed of working contacts, step-down resistors, neon bubbles, springs and other components.

It is the use of electric current through the electroscope, the human body, the earth to form a loop, its leakage current to make the neon bubble glow and work.

2. High-voltage electroscope. It is mainly used to inspect high-voltage electrical equipment with a voltage above 250V to the ground. At present, there are three types widely used: luminous type, acousto-optic type, and windmill type.

Generally, it is composed of three parts: the detection part (indicator part or windmill), the insulation part, and the handshake part. The insulating part refers to the part from the metal connecting screw at the lower part of the indicator to the part of the cover and ring.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia Electroscope.

The working principle of the electroscope: the same kind of charge repels each other.

Supplementary Knowledge: Electroscope:

a.The structure of the electroscope: metal balls, metal rods, metal foils.

b.The function of the electroscope: first, to check whether the object is electrified; the second is to test the charged nature of the object; The third is to judge the amount of charge carried.

c.The working principle of the electroscope: the same kind of charge repels each other.

d.How to use the electroscope: When the charged object touches the metal ball of the electroscope, a part of the charge is transferred to the two metal foils of the electroscope, and the two metal foils open due to the mutual repulsion of the same charge.

The greater the angle of opening, the more charge is transferred to the electroscope.