The membranes of organelles that can be converted into each other are .

dEndoplasmic reticulum can form vesicles to transport proteins and lipids to the Golgi apparatus for reprocessing, so the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and the Golgi membrane can be interconverted; The Golgi membrane will form vesicles to transport the processed substances to the cell membrane, so the Golgi membrane and the cell membrane can also be converted into each other; Because the endoplasmic reticulum membrane is connected to the nuclear membrane, the nuclear membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum membrane can also be converted into each other; Because in some cells, the endoplasmic reticulum membrane is connected to the mitochondria, so the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and the mitochondrial membrane can also be converted into each other.

AD is OK!!

The nuclear envelope can be intertransformed with the membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

The membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum can also be interconverted with the membrane of the Golgi apparatus.

This is called "membrane flow", and the conversion is achieved by transporting vesicles.

I studied this major ......

However, if there is only one answer, D is recommended, because the smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane cannot be interconverted with the nuclear membrane.

Both C and D can be converted into each other, but is the cell membrane the membrane of the organelles??? Apparently not.

The answer should be D, the reason is that the answer is wrong, or you should ask the teacher and don't be too obsessed with the answer.

d First of all, they are all organelles, and the endoplasmic reticulum can form vesicles in the form of buds that fuse with the Golgi somal model, and the Golgi somatosomes can also protrude to form vesicles that fuse with the cell membrane (not organelles).

Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.

Answer] A Answer Analysis] Question Analysis: Organelles with a membrane structure have mitochondria.

Chloroplasts, Golgi apparatus.

Endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles and lysosomes, organelles without membranes are ribosomes.

and centrosomes. Among them, the double-layer membrane organelles include mitochondria and chloroplasts, and the single-layer membrane organelles include Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and vacuoles. The nucleus has a membrane structure but does not belong to the organelles.

Test Center: This question tests the knowledge of organelles.

Comments: This question is less difficult and belongs to the syllabus level. The key to answering this question is to memorize the structure of various organelles.

Answer]: B organelles include chloroplasts, locust mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, lysosomes, vacuoles and centrosomes, among which cleometrisomes and chloroplasts have a double membrane Centrosomes and ribosomes do not have membranes, and the rest of the cellular apparatus have a single membrane, so mitochondria are selected for this question.

The substrate for white matter synthesis is ammonia chlorphinic acid celery.

The energy consumed carrier is generally ATP, which is synthesized by ribosomes.

Catalytic, the template is mRNA.

Membrane proteins generally refer to proteins that are anchored to the cell membrane system. The synthesis of membrane proteins itself does not require a cell membrane.

If in eukaryotes, the synthesized membrane proteins are transported to the cell membrane with the help of the intracellular membrane system to function, this is probably the only connection between membrane proteins when they are produced.

In addition, not all membrane proteins are coarsely anchored to the cell membrane, and many membrane proteins function on organelle membranes and nuclear membranes. From the time they are produced to the time they are degraded, they do not come into contact with the cell membrane for the rest of their lives.

a. The biofilm in the cell separates the cell into small compartments, so that a variety of chemical reactions can be carried out in the cell at the same time without interfering with each other, ensuring that the life activities of the cell are carried out efficiently and orderly, and a is correct;

b. Some enzymes exist on the biofilm, and some enzymes are not distributed on the biofilm, such as the enzymes in the first stage of aerobic respiration are distributed in the cytoplasmic matrix, b is wrong;

c. The composition and structure of biofilms are similar, but due to different functions, the types and quantities of proteins on different biofilms are different, and C is wrong;

d. Biofilm is a general term for all membrane structures such as cell membranes, various organelle membranes, and nuclear membranes in living organisms, but the small intestinal mucosa does not belong to the biofilm system, and D is wrong

Therefore, a

The endoplasmic reticulum is the transformation center of the biological membrane The endoplasmic reticulum is connected to the outer nuclear membrane and the cell membrane, and in the cells that need to be deficient, it is also connected to the nematochondrial membrane, that is, the endoplasmic reticulum membrane can be directly converted with the nuclear membrane, mitochondrial membrane and cell membrane; The endoplasmic reticulum membrane is not directly connected to the Golgi membrane, but it can be transformed by forming vesicles and connecting with the Golgi membrane

Therefore, c

There are organelles surrounded by membrane structures in the cell:

Organelles of the double membrane: mitochondria, chloroplasts, *The nuclear membrane is the sock structure of the double membrane (eukaryotic cells).

Organelles with a single membrane: endowax reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vacuoles, lysosomesIn addition, there are ribosomes and centrosomes composed of non-membranes in organelles.

A cell membrane is a structure of a monolayer membrane; The nuclear envelope is a structure with a double membrane.

Biofilm system: cell membrane.

nuclear membrane, as well as mitochondrial membrane, chloroplast membrane, Golgi membrane, endoplasmic reticulum membrane, lysosome.

Membranes and other organelles that are made up of membrane structures.

They are a closely linked and unified whole in structure and function, and the structural system they form is called the biofilm system.

Structurally interconnected:

There is a direct or indirect connection in the structure.

Biofilms can be intertransformed into each other (the chemical composition and basic structure of various biofilms are similar).