Ask for a 200 word introduction to the historical records, a short story about the historical record

1. Introduction to "Historical Records".

The Records of the Historians is the first general history in Chinese history compiled by Sima Qian of the Han Dynasty, which records the history of more than 3,000 years from the Yellow Emperor to the early years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. It was originally called "Taishi Gong", or "Taishi Gongji" and "Taishi Ji". The scale of the "Records of the Historians" is huge, the system is complete, and it has a deep influence on the subsequent chronicles of the historical books, and the official histories of all dynasties are written in this genre.

At the same time, the vividness of the words in the book and the vividness of the narrative are also the highest achievements.

2. Creative background.

His father, Sima Tan, once served as Taishi Ling, and he took the revision of history as his sacred mission, but unfortunately his ambition was not fulfilled and he passed away. Sima Qianzi inherited his father's ambition and succeeded Taishi Ling. In the first year of Taichu (104 BC), he began the writing of the Taishi Gongshu and later known as the Historical Records.

However, there was an accident, in the third year of the Tianhan Dynasty (98 years ago), Li Ling was defeated and surrendered to the Xiongnu, and Sima Qian was imprisoned for explaining the matter to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and was sentenced to palace punishment, which gave him great physical and mental trauma. After being released from prison, he endured humiliation and continued to write "Historical Records". After 14 years, the writing of "Historical Records" was finally completed.

3. About the author.

Sima Qian (c. 145 BCE-c. 135 BC--? The word is long, a native of Xiayang (now Hanchengnan, Shaanxi), and a native of Longmen (now Hejin, Shanxi). He was a great historian, writer, and thinker of the Western Han Dynasty in China.

Sima Tan's son, Ren Taishi Ling, was punished by the palace for defending Li Ling's defeat, and later served as Zhongshu Ling. He continued to complete the historical books he wrote, and was honored by later generations as Shi Qian, Taishi Gong, and the father of history.

The Historical Records was written from 104 BC to 91 BC, originally there was no title, Sima Qian completed this masterpiece and showed it to the then university scholar Dongfang Shuo, Dongfang Shuo admired it very much, and added the word "Taishi Gong" to the book. "Taishi" is Sima Qian's official position, "Gong" is a good title, and "Taishi Gong" is just a work that indicates whose work. When Ban Gu's "Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicles" was written in this book, it was changed to "One Hundred and Thirty Chapters of Taishi Gongji", and later generations simplified it to "Taishi Gongji", "Taishi Gongshu", and "Taishi Gongchuan".

Over time, people abbreviated it into "Historical Records" according to the "Taishi Gongji". Liang Qichao, a close friend, praised this masterpiece as "a masterpiece of the ages" ("On the General Trend of Changes in Chinese Academic Thought"). Lu Xun praised it as "the swan song of the historian, the rhymeless "Lisao".

Lying on the salary and tasting the gall: Wu Yue war, Yue Wang Goujian was defeated, after escaping back to China, he slept on the firewood at night in order to remember the lesson of failure, and hung a bitter gall on the beam of the house to taste a mouthful every day to motivate himself to work hard, and finally made a comeback.

Guilty of Jing Invitation: Lian Po heard about it, and the flesh was burdened, because the guests apologized for the crime, saying: "Contemptible people, I don't know that the general is so lenient!" "Pawns and joys are friends who are neck-to-neck.

There are countless stories ...... in the annals of history

Key words: 200 words for the second grade of primary school.

Word Count: 200 words for a failed essay.

The Records of the Historian is the first general history of China written by Sima Qian. It records more than 3,000 years of history (philosophy, politics, economy, military, etc.) from the era of the Yellow Emperor in ancient legends to the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The "Records of the Historians" originally did not have a fixed title, or "Taishi Gongshu", or "Taishi Gongchuan", or "Taishi Gongchuan", also known as "Taishi Gong".

"Historical Records" was originally a general name for ancient history books, and since the Three Kingdoms period, "Historical Records" has gradually become a special name for "Taishi Gongshu" from the general name of historical books. The "Records of the Historians" and the later "Book of Han" (Bangu), "Book of the Later Han" (Fan Ye, Sima Biao), and "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms" (Chen Shou) are collectively known as the "First Four History". Liu Xiang and others think that this book is "good at order and reason, argument but not flashy, quality but not slang".

and Sima Guang's "Zizhi Tongjian" is called "the double of historiography".

"Historical Records" is the first general history in Chinese history, written by Sima Qian in the Western Han Dynasty, and began to be called "Taishi Gongshu", or "Taishi Gongji", "Taishi Ji".Sima Qian, the word is long, his father Sima talked about Ren Taishi Ling, his wish to write a general history of ancient and modern times was not realized, and he wanted Sima Qian to complete his long-cherished wish on his deathbed. Later, Sima Qian succeeded his father Taishi Ling and began to write the "Historical Records", which was finally completed more than ten years later.

According to Sima Qian, the purpose of the compilation is "to study the changes of the past and the present, and to become the words of a family"."On the occasion of studying heaven and man" is to explore the relationship between Taoism and personnel, and the author criticizes the original "divine will and destiny theory" and puts forward the "emperor-centered theory"."Changes through the past and the present", that is, the development of history and its laws.

The Shiji refers to many classics, such as "Zuo Chuan", "Chinese", "Shiben", "Warring States Policy", "Chu Han Spring and Autumn" and Zhuzi Baijia, as well as archives and folk ancient books. He also conducted interviews and field investigations, and then carefully selected and used materials, and his academic attitude was extremely rigorous.

After Sima Qian's death, "Historical Records" did not immediately become popular and was taken seriously. By the time of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty, Sima Qian's grandson had worked hard and began to circulate, but by the time of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was already mutilated.