Why not nuclear fusion Why is nuclear fusion so important to humans?

The main constraint on nuclear fusion is high temperatures.

Fusion, especially the proton (the current raw material for the hydrogen bomb), requires a high temperature of 25 million degrees Celsius to initiate it, and then it undergoes a sea change, after which it can react on its own with the heat generated, up to a maximum temperature of 200 million degrees Celsius. So all the "hydrogen bombs" were triggered by the "atomic bomb". Inside the hydrogen bomb is a small-yield atomic bomb that acts as a "fuse".

If you're using fusion to produce energy, first, you can't trigger a reaction unless you make an atomic bomb to "ignite" it. Second, you can't control the reaction, because the fusion can't be slowed down with moderators, and even if there is, the protons cool down and the reaction stops. Thirdly, we do not have a vessel that can withstand such high temperatures to be used as a reactor.

Although there are currently designs to confine protons with magnetic fields, in the short term, fusion can only be used for lethality**.

Hope mine is helpful to you.

The simplest example will illustrate this.

The hydrogen bomb was detonated with an atomic bomb.

Fusion reactions of the same mass release almost 100 times more power than nuclear fusion.

However, a high temperature of about 1 million degrees Celsius is required.

Other than that. There is a mistake in your statement.

Nuclear fusion also suffers from the problem of nuclear radiation (and commonly referred to as nuclear radiation).

As long as there is a nuclear reaction, there will be a certain amount of nuclear radiation.

This is a problem that cannot be avoided at the moment.

Nuclear fusion. It plays an important role in human beings, mainly in the development and application of nuclear fusion technology, which plays an important role in the production and life of human beings and other aspects, mainly in the following six aspects.

1. Nuclear fusion is clean and cheap is not for individuals, nor is it for what is said now, and it is still doubtful whether it is "clean" or not, after all, neutrons will be produced when hydrogen fusion occurs, and the radiation is very large, and the device to protect neutrons is not once and for all, it must be replaced regularly, and the replaced protective parts will also have radiation, and there is also the problem of how to deal with it. "Cheap" can only be said to be a misreading, nuclear fusion power generation is not cheap, the manufacture of heavy water, the construction of nuclear fusion devices, are large investments. However, in the future other fossil energy sources.

With vastly reduced reserves (doubtful, there is evidence that oil is still being generated dynamically), nuclear fusion may be a relatively low-cost way to obtain sufficient electricity.

In the longer future, maybe 50-100 years, or even later? Ordinary hydrogen can also be used to generate electricity, and the requirements for the impurity content of fusion materials are reduced, and fusion materials will become cheap; Advances in protection technology may make neutron guards cleaner and cheaper if they can be used for a long time. But can the fusion device be "cheap" to the point that individuals can also buy one, maintenance-free, direct irrigation can generate electricity (this is the meaning of the subject I understand that "you can use it for a dime"), this is not good**, it is almost impossible within 100 years, and it is unlikely after 100 years.

Overall, in 50 years, there may be hope for a reduction in the cost of energy for society as a whole, but it is still not cheap for individuals.

2. The role of nuclear fusion in the long-term future (about 100 years?) It is likely to become one of the mainstream power generation methods, but it is unlikely that there will be a "leap" to replace other power generation methods in a short period of time, after all, this overall cost is also slowly declining, and only if the cost-effectiveness is attractive enough, there will be a large increase. Obviously not at first.

3. At least when nuclear fusion first began to be popularized, it was impossible for the power grid to change (AC to DC and the like are not counted, this is a problem of transmission technology), and the scale of nuclear fusion power stations was not as large as that of current thermal power stations.

Small. Unless private fusion generators become widespread, this is a long way off.

4. Airplanes and automobiles may be replaced by electric ones, which depends on the development of power storage technology. But there is one point, electric cars.

The reason for airplanes replacing current fuel-powered power may not be taxes, but electric vehicles.

It's really "easy to drive", I have driven an electric car, and the speed is crisp and sharp, which is much better than the average family car with mud and water.

5. The transmission mode in remote areas will not change, and it is not so easy to build a fusion power station. For the foreseeable future, nuclear fusion will not solve the problem of electricity in remote areas.

6. The raw material for nuclear fusion ** is seawater, there is no need to grab it, it is possible to drain the Pacific Ocean, in science fiction films.

Outside of that, it doesn't exist.

Nuclear fusion has two major advantages over nuclear fission. First, the nuclear fusion energy contained on the earth is far more abundant than the nuclear fission energy. It has been estimated that every liter of seawater contains gram deuterium, so there are 45 trillion tons of deuterium in seawater alone on Earth.

The deuterium contained in 1 liter of seawater, through nuclear fusion, can provide the equivalent of the energy released after the combustion of 300 liters of gasoline. The nuclear fusion energy contained on the earth is about 10 million times that of all nuclear fission energy that can be released by the contained elements that can be used for nuclear fission, and it can be said that it is an inexhaustible source of energy. As for tritium, although it does not exist in nature, it can be produced by the interaction of neutrons with lithium, and seawater also contains a large amount of lithium.

It should be said: with controlled nuclear fusion, there is unlimited cheap electricity, there are unlimited prospects; The internal combustion engine will become a thing of the past, and oil will be reduced to a chemical raw material; Greatly reduce the cost of mining and refining various minerals; Large-scale seabed fishery farming and large-scale desert agriculture have become possible; The food problem is completely solved, no need for arable land, direct soilless cultivation, desalination with seawater, and negligible electricity costs; Interstellar voyages have become possible, and the development of the solar system is no longer a dream; Greenhouse gases have been controlled, large-scale greening has been realized, and the earth's ecological ...... has been improved at any costThis is the future we are most looking forward to.

Nuclear fusion is the process by which two hydrogen nuclei coals coalesce into a helium nucleus, and there is a greater loss of mass in this reaction. The energy released by the fusion reaction is 4 times that of the fission reaction (EH = 4EU), but the advantage of nuclear fusion is that the isotopes of hydrogen in its raw materials, deuterium and tritium, are stored in large quantities in seawater, and the energy produced by the fusion of deuterium and tritium contained in 1 liter of seawater is equivalent to 300 liters of gasoline. At the current rate of human energy consumption, the seawater on Earth can be used by humans for tens of billions of years, and the sun will be gone in 5 billion years, so it is not an exaggeration to say that controlled nuclear fusion is an infinite source of energy.

The fusion reaction, on the other hand, is not radioactive, and its reaction product, helium, is an inert gas that is not as dangerous and difficult to dispose of as the nuclear waste produced by fission nuclear power plants today.

Why scientists study nuclear fusion. Because nuclear fusion energy is the most hygienic and environmentally friendly clean energy. If stable and controllable nuclear fusion can be continuously achieved, human beings can no longer worry about energy and no longer pollute the environment, what an ideal energy source!

And, you can imagine how desirable it is to live in a pollution-free environment. At that time, people no longer needed to mine coal, and they no longer needed to use oil. Black or white smoke coming out of the chimney of the power plant is no longer seen.

Because nuclear fusion has many advantages: (1) the energy released is greater than that of nuclear fission; (2) no high-end nuclear waste; (3) It does not cause large pollution to the environment, and the reaction process is easy to control, and the risk of nuclear accident is extremely low; (4) Sufficient fuel**.

It has an immeasurable role in this pioneering and innovative approach to human resources.

Nuclear fusion reactions are carried out at extremely high temperatures and pressures, conditions that are difficult to achieve and maintain on Earth. Here are some specific reasons:

1.High temperatures: In order for the nuclei to overcome the charge repulsion and approach to a sufficient degree to allow the strong force (a force of attraction) to bind them together, extremely high temperatures (millions of degrees) are required. This temperature far exceeds the melting point of any known material.

2.High pressure: In addition to high temperatures, high pressure is required to maintain an adequate reaction rate. Inside the Sun, this pressure is due to gravity, but on Earth, we need to use a strong magnetic field to create this pressure.

3.Plasma: Under these extreme conditions, the plasma denier exists as plasma (ionized gas), and its behavior is very complex and difficult to control.

4.Energy balance: In order for the reaction to be controllable, the input energy must be less than the energy obtained from the reaction. However, current technology is not yet able to achieve this.

5.Neutron radiation: Most nuclear fusion reactions produce high-energy neutrons that can damage the reactor's materials, reducing the reactor's lifespan.

Therefore, while nuclear fusion has enormous energy potential, there are many technical challenges that need to be overcome to achieve a controlled fusion reaction.

The power that can be achieved by laser beams or particle beams is still dozens or even hundreds of times worse than what is needed, and various other technical problems make confined nuclear fusion still unattainable. Even if it could be controlled, it would require too much money to be available.

Because the energy of nuclear fission is not as large as that of nuclear fusion, it is easier to control.

Nuclear fusion can control whether the nuclear indefinite question of whether the heart will be invented in the future takes time to prove, and cannot be made accurately**.

Yes atomic energy is the energy released by the polymerization of atomic nuclei.

We have access to fusion energy every day, which is solar energy, and people still use fire, the key depends on the alternatives, if controlled nuclear fusion is achieved, fire may be completely replaced by electricity. Modern people's lives are inseparable from household appliances, fire will be far away from people's lives, if controlled nuclear fusion is achieved, the cost of power generation in nuclear power plants is very low, and the price of electricity will become very cheap, will you still use ** gas to cook food? Will you still drive a fuel car?

If you have to say a fire to suppress the shock, then you can still use it.

Controlled nuclear fusion is the energy of the future, and once realized, mankind will not be bothered by energy problems. But something as trivial as lighting a cigarette doesn't necessarily require the energy produced by nuclear fusion, and fire, as the first way of energy utilization that humans have mastered, will probably be retained. If controlled nuclear fusion becomes a reality, many industries will have huge changes, such as automobiles, electric vehicles, etc., the elimination of fossil energy, the hope of phasing out hydroelectric power stations in various places, and returning the natural ecology to a real face.

The possibility of using nuclear power for cooking at home is a bit small, and if it is possible to gradually realize it in the community, and gradually change the household nuclear power. The use of nuclear-based batteries may replace many, many of the current battery systems.

Fire is a major element of human beings transforming nature and moving towards civilization, and its practical significance is unlikely to change its status for a long time. The acquisition of fire is simple and practical, and may accompany the entire human society. In terms of radioactivity, civilian things still use fire, you can't put some radioactive materials in the stove when you eat hot pot, and you can't use uranium-235 to provide energy for stir-frying at home.

This technology, which will only be mastered by China in 30 years, will be the first hard pass foundation for the renminbi at that time, and people all over the world will be customers managed by the China Power Supply Bureau.

Human use of controllable nuclear fusion is the use of its heat energy to generate electricity, so in the future, even if human beings achieve nuclear fusion, but human beings are still inseparable from open flames, such as the launch of space shuttles and rockets, the upward thrust generated by the high temperature open flame generated by liquid oxygen to reach the energy of the cosmic speed is unattainable by electricity, in the folk human beings will still use open flames, such as Chinese like open fire to copy dishes, Westerners love charcoal barbecue, etc., primitive humans because they learned to use fire to accelerate human evolution, for which human beings will never be able to leave.

Nuclear fusion, in which light nuclei (deuterium and tritium) combine to form heavier nuclei (helium), emit enormous amounts of energy.

The principle is simple: according to Einstein's mass-energy equation e=mc2

When the nucleus of an atom is fused, a portion of the mass is converted into energy and released.

Just a small amount of mass can be converted into a large amount of energy.

When two light nuclei collide, they can form a nucleus and release energy, which is a fusion reaction, and the energy released in this reaction is called fusion energy. Fusion energy is another important way to harness nuclear energy.

The most important fusion reactions are:

where d is the deuterium nucleus (heavy hydrogen) and t is the tritium nucleus (super heavy hydrogen). The overall effect of the above two sets of reactions is:

That is, for every 6 deuterium nuclei that are "burned", a total of 43 24 meV of energy is released, which is equivalent to an average of 3 6 meV per nucleon. It is 4 times higher than the average release of 200 236 0 85 mev per nucleon in the n fission reaction. Therefore, fusion energy is a type of nuclear energy that is much larger than fission energy.

The fuels used for fusion energy are deuterium (D) and tritium. Deuterium is abundant in seawater. There is about one deuterium atom for every 600 hydrogen atoms in seawater, and the total amount of deuterium in seawater is about 40 trillion tons.

The fusion energy released by the complete fusion of deuterium contained in each liter of seawater is equivalent to the energy of 300 liters of gasoline fuel. Based on the current energy consumption of the world, the fusion energy of deuterium in seawater can be used for tens of billions of years. Tritium can be manufactured from lithium.

There are two main isotopes of lithium, lithium-6 and lithium-7. After absorbing a thermal neutron, lithium-6 can turn into tritium and release energy. Lithium-7 needs to absorb fast neutrons to turn into tritium.

Although the reserves of lithium on Earth are much smaller than deuterium, there are more than 200 billion tons. It was used to make tritium, which was enough to use the era of human beings using deuterium and deuterium fusion. Therefore, nuclear fusion energy is an inexhaustible new energy source.

A typical fusion reaction is:

411h—→42he+20-1e+

21h+21h—→32he+10n+

21h+21h—→31h+11h+4×106ev

31h+21h—→42he+10n+

The net reaction of the last three reactions is.

521h—→42he+32he+11h+210n+

That is, every 5 21 hours after the fusion of energy.

Deuterium is a fairly abundant hydrogen isotope, with 1 deuterium atom for every 6,500 hydrogen atoms in the ocean, which means that the ocean is a potentially large number of deuterium. There is a deuterium atom in just 1 liter of seawater, which means that the potential energy of deuterium atoms per 1 km3 of seawater is equivalent to the energy of burning 1.36 trillion barrels**, which is about the total oil reserves on the earth.