Accounting for exchange gains and losses, how to calculate exchange gains and losses

Exchange gains and losses can be accounted for on a monthly or quarterly basis, depending on the company's own regulations.

The month-end exchange rate is used on a monthly basis, and the quarter-end exchange rate is used on a quarterly basis.

This is the interim exchange rate, not the ending exchange rate, and in order to illustrate the calculation process, the exchange rate at the end of the period is 8 borrowing: financial expenses exchange gains and losses.

Borrow; Bank Deposit US Dollar.

220100 12000) 8 (Closing Market Value of Balance in USD) (220100 Closing Book Value), if it is positive, it is a gain, and if it is negative, it is a loss, and if it is negative, it is a loss, and it is a loss.

The exchange gains and losses recognized at the end of the period are these, but the exchange gains and losses of the current month also have the part generated in the process of foreign currency exchange, which is the exchange rate of the bank's acquisition. If the beginning of the month exchange rate is used for accounting, use the (beginning exchange rate. This part of the profit and loss is directly recorded at the time of exchange, and there is no need to recognize it at the end of the month, but it should be understood that the total exchange profit and loss of the month should include the part generated by the exchange.

1.Exchange gains and losses should be calculated at the bank exchange rate at the end of the period.

2.RMB Difference = (Exchange rate on the day of the end of the period.)

3.Entry: Debit: Financial Expense - Exchange Loss (RMB Difference) Credit: Bank Deposits (RMB Difference).

Formula: End of period exchange gains and losses.

Balance of foreign currency account at the end of the previous period - Amount of credit and debit of foreign currency account in the current period) * Exchange rate at the end of the period - Balance of foreign currency account converted into accounting base currency at the end of the previous period - Amount of foreign currency account debit of foreign currency account converted into accounting base currency in the current period.

The foreign currency account balance here refers to the account balance calculated in foreign currency. For example, bank deposits.

100 (USD).

At the end of the previous period, the foreign currency account was converted into the bookkeeping bank, and the balance of the base currency of the Zhengju Bureau refers to the base currency of the statement, such as bank deposit 100*8=800 (personal currency).

Take, for example, accounts receivable.

The balance at the end of 2008 in the previous period was US$100, the exchange rate was 8, the exchange rate was 9, and the accounts receivable debit was US$10 in 09, the spot exchange rate.

Accounts receivable exchange profit and loss = (100 + 10) * 9 - 100 * 8 + 10 * Positive or negative represents the loss of foreign exchange gain.

1. Recover the exchange gains and losses of Company A's arrears.

Borrow: Bank deposit.

USD 164,800 (exchange rate on the date of occurrence).

Credit: Accounts receivable.

Company A: US$164,600 (balance calculated at the exchange rate on April 30) financial expenses. Exchange difference of 200

2. Sell goods to Company C.

Credit: Accounts receivable - Company C USD 66,000 (exchange rate on the date of incurrence) Credit: main business income.

3. Repay the payment of Company B in US dollars.

Debit: Accounts payable.

32920 (balance).

Finance Costs - Exchange Difference 80

Credit: Bank Deposits - USD 33,000 (date of occurrence spot exchange rate) 31st of January. USD balance = 60,000 + (1) 20,000 - (3) 4,000 = 76,000 USD

RMB balance = 60,000 * RMB.

The balance of the people's currency is converted at the exchange rate of the day = 76,000 * yuan.

The difference between the bank's loss and imitation deposit exchange = 628,520-625,600 = 2,920 yuan.

Borrow: bank deposit - $2920

Credit: Financial Expenses - Exchange Difference 2920

Accounts receivable A company balance 0

Accounts Payable B Company Balance 0

Accounts receivable company C exchange profit and loss = 8000 * (

Debit: Accounts receivable - $160 for Company C

Credit: Financial Expenses - Exchange Difference 160.

The method of calculating foreign exchange gains and losses is divided into three situations:

1. The exchange gains and losses arising from the judgment of foreign exchange purchase payment or foreign exchange collection and settlement shall be regarded as exchange gains or exchange losses, and loans: financial expenses; Loans: bank deposits;

2. At the end of the month, due to exchange rate changes, the balance of foreign currency deposits of banks is also borrowed: financial expenses; Borrowing: Bank deposits. Both of these cases are realised exchange gains and losses.

3. At the end of the month, due to exchange rate changes, the balance of accounts receivable and accounts payable in foreign currency are revalued, and the loan is borrowed: financial expenses; Loans: accounts receivable accounts payable, if you want to do fine, you can calculate for each customer or business, simple processing can only calculate a total.

The specific accounting treatment is as follows.

1. When settling foreign exchange (foreign currency to RMB).

Borrow bank deposits (RMB, real figures).

Borrowing financial expenses (the difference between the borrower and the borrower, if the borrower is less than the credit, it is an exchange loss, in blue, if the borrower is greater than the credit, it is in red).

Credit bank deposits (foreign currency, RMB figures are calculated according to the bookkeeping exchange rate) 2. When purchasing foreign exchange.

Debit bank deposits (foreign currency, calculated according to the accounting exchange rate) to borrow financial expenses (the difference between credit and debit, if the debit is greater than the credit, it is the exchange gain, in red, if the debit is less than the credit, it is the exchange loss, use the blue letter).

Credit bank deposits (RMB, actual payment figures).

3. When the exchange rate is adjusted at the end of each month, if the exchange rate at the beginning of the month is lower than the exchange rate of the previous period.

Borrowing finance costs Exchange losses.

Credit bank deposits (in foreign currency).

Borrowing finance costs Exchange losses.

Credit Accounts Receivable (Foreign Currency).

Borrowing finance costs Exchange losses.

Credit prepayment (in foreign currency).

Borrowing financial expenses Exchange proceeds.

Credit Accounts Payable (Foreign Currency).

Borrowing money to show the cost of foreign exchange gains.

Credit Advance Receivables (Foreign Currency).

1. If the accounting system is adopted, the balance of the foreign currency currency at the end of the period (month) of each foreign currency monetary item shall be converted into the amount of the base currency of accounting according to the exchange rate at the end of the period (month). The difference between the amount in the base currency of the account and the amount in the base currency of the original book, which is converted at the exchange rate at the end of the period (month).

1. If it is an exchange proceed, debit: relevant account, credit: this account;

2. If the opposite accounting entries are made for exchange losses.

Debit: this account, Credit: related account;

2. If the accounting system is adopted, at the end of the period (month), the balance of all "currency exchange" accounts expressed in foreign currencies shall be converted into the amount of the accounting base currency at the exchange rate at the end of the period (month), and the converted accounting base currency amount shall be compared with the balance of the account of "currency to high wang exchange - accounting base currency".

1. Credit difference.

Debit: "Currency Exchange - Base Currency" account, credit: "Exchange Gains and Losses" account;

2. Debit difference.

Debit: Related Account, Credit: This Account;

3. This account accounts for the exchange gains and losses arising from foreign currency transactions of enterprises (finance) due to exchange rate changes.

4. At the end of the period, the remaining deferred sales amount of this subject should be transferred to the "current year's profit" account, and there should be no balance in this account after the carryover.

Exchange gain or loss at the end of the period = (balance of foreign currency account at the end of the previous period - amount of credit and debit of foreign currency account in the current period) Exchange rate at the end of the period - balance of foreign currency account shortfall at the end of the previous period into the base currency of accounting - amount of foreign currency account debitor of foreign currency account in the current period into the base currency of accounting.

Exchange gains and losses, also known as exchange differences, are the result of fluctuations in exchange rates. The difference in the exchange rate of the same currency or the exchange rate of the same currency when the enterprise adopts different currencies or the same currency is converted according to the base currency of the account when the foreign currency transactions, exchange business, the adjustment of the accounts at the end of the period and the conversion of foreign currency statements. To put it simply, exchange gains and losses are the differences in the amount of the base currency of accounting due to the use of different exchange rates in the accounting treatment of various foreign currency transactions.

The formula for calculating the exchange gain and loss is as follows:

Exchange gain and loss at the end of the period = (balance of foreign currency account at the end of the previous period - amount incurred by the borrower of the foreign currency account in the current period) * exchange rate at the end of the period - balance of the foreign currency account at the end of the previous period - balance of the foreign currency account of the borrower in the foreign currency account of the current period.

Exchange gains and losses, also known as exchange differences, are due to fluctuations in exchange rates. Exchange gains and losses are the differences in the exchange rate accounting of different currencies or the same Shihu currency in the process of foreign currency group talks, exchange business, period-end account adjustment and conversion of foreign currency statements.