The materials reflect what kind of economic situation our country was in the early days of the found

Material 1 (In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China) China's industrial base, especially the heavy industry base, was very weak The per capita output of many important industrial products not only lagged far behind the industrially developed countries, but even lagged behind India in 1950. This backward economic situation can only be changed by giving priority to the development of heavy industry, and only with the development of basic industries such as iron and steel, the increase in raw materials for the machine manufacturing industry, and the equipment of light industry can be guaranteed. —He Qin, editor-in-chief, History of the People's Republic of China

Realize the dream of students and cast a golden brand.

7 - If we don't stand up, we will fail The general task of the Party and the people is to transform China from an agrarian country into an industrial country and from a new democratic society into a socialist society. —*** "Report at the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China" Material 3 Shanghai industrial and commercial circles apply for industry-wide public-private partnerships. The first from the left in the front row is Rong Yiren, the second from the left is Hu Jiwen, and the third from the left is Sheng Pihua.

Material 4 Changes in various economic components in China's industry from 1950 to 1956 (with a total industrial output value of 100, excluding handicrafts.

1) What does material 1 reflect about the state of China's economy in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China? What are the proposed approaches to change this situation? (4 points).

Answer: (1) Situation: China's heavy industry base is very weak and backward. Policy: The "First Five-Year Plan" put forward the policy of giving priority to the development of heavy industry.

2) What are the two major historical events reflected in Material 2? (2 points) What harm has been caused? (2 points).

Material 3 The gross value of national agricultural output increased from 1979 to 1984. The country's grain output increased from 100 million tons in 1978 to 100 million tons in 1984. Fengyang County's grain output has taken three steps in three years:

In 1980, it produced 100 million kilograms of grain; In 1981, it produced 100 million kilograms of grain; In 1982, 100 million kilograms of grain were produced.

Excerpted from the second compulsory textbook of "History" in high school.

3) What was the policy implemented in the countryside when China's economic reform first made a breakthrough in the countryside? (2 points) Based on material 3 and combined with what you have learned, point out the positive effects of the policy. (2 points).

4) To sum up, what enlightenment can you get from the reform of the rural economic system? (2 points).

1) Changes: China has completed the socialist transformation of agriculture, handicrafts, capitalist industry and commerce, and the private ownership of the means of production has been transformed into socialist public ownership. (2 points).

Impact: The socialist system was established in our country. (2 points).

2) the "Great Leap Forward"; People's communization movement. (2 points) Harm: greatly undermines social productivity; This has seriously dampened the enthusiasm of the broad masses of the people in production and hindered the development of agricultural production. (2 points).

3) Household contract responsibility system. (2 points).For example, the role of package production to households, package to households, and large packages can also be used: to promote a large increase in grain production and promote the development of agricultural production; It has won the support of the peasants and aroused their enthusiasm for production. (2 points) gkstk

4) Enlightenment: The adjustment of production relations should be commensurate with the level of development of productive forces; The policies and measures adopted for agriculture should be based on stabilizing agricultural production and safeguarding the peasants' interests. (2 points).Just make sense).

The national economy is in a state of total collapse. Internationally, the United States and other hostile forces refuse to recognize New China and adopt the policy of political isolation, economic blockade, embargo, and military encirclement in an attempt to strangle New China.

Situation: China's heavy industry base is very weak and backward.

Policy: The "First Five-Year Plan" put forward the policy of giving priority to the development of heavy industry.

The industrial base is weak (there are no decent factories). Before liberation, China's industry was basically concentrated in Shanghai. Our country can't make anything.

You can't even make matches or nails. Everything is "borrowed products", foreign goods occupy the Chinese market, and everything is foreign. China has been called the "International Automobile Expo", "International Steamship Company", "International Weapons Exhibition Hall", "International Shooting Range", and "Trains are not connected to China and abroad".

The national industry did not develop its mind. In 1949, China's steel output was only 10,000 tons, and coal was more than 60 million tons. The power generation capacity is 300,000 kilowatts.

In the automobile industry, the largest factory is the automobile overhaul factory in Changchun, with a few hundred people (there were only more than 100 before the liberation of Northeast China in 1947).

3. Primitive agriculture. In 1949, China's grain output was only more than 200 million tons. Due to the panic of the war for many years, a large amount of land is barren and soil erosion.

The desert is surrounded by no water facilities. The yield per mu is only a few dozen catties, and many areas can't even get back the seeds of He Yuxiang. Slash-and-burn farming in many areas.

Agricultural productivity is quite backward.

4. The people's lives are dire and they are hungry and cold. From 1840 to the eve of the liberation of the Liberated Areas, the Chinese people were brutally oppressed and secretly exploited by the "three mountains" of imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic capitalism, and more than 500 million peasants had nothing. The child did not dare to go to his relatives, for fear of being cooked and eaten by his relatives.

The most important task of New China is to solve the land and food problems of the more than 500 million people as soon as possible.

The founding of New China enabled the Chinese people to shout liberation and stand up.

In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, China was in a new democratic society, with five economic components: the state-run economy, the individual economy, the cooperative economy, the private capitalist economy, and the state capitalist economy.

Economic components refer to the different types of economic relations that constitute a certain system of socio-economic relations based on different ownership. At the present stage, in China's economic "hundred gardens", various economic components compete with each other, mainly state-owned economy, collective economy, individual economy, private economy, foreign-funded economy, and mixed ownership economy. The economic component of a given society depends on the state of the productive forces of that society and the requirements of its development.

Since the end of primitive society, the economic components of each social form have not been single. In the slave society, the economy of slave ownership was dominant, and there were also individual ownership of the common people and the remnants of the primitive public ownership economy. In feudal society, the landlord-owned economy was dominant, and there were also individual ownership systems of yeoman peasants, semi-yeoman peasants, and small industrialists and merchants, as well as remnants of the slave-owning economy.

According to the "Provisions on the Statistical Classification of Economic Components", all components in China's economy are divided into public economy

Non-public economy.

The public economy is the foundation of the economic system and the main body of the economy. Including the state-owned economy and the collective economy, the state-owned component and the collective component in the mixed ownership system.

The state-owned economy is the leading force in the national economy.

The collective economy is an important part of the public-owned economy.

The non-public economy is an important part of the market economy, including the individual economy, the private economy, and the foreign-funded economy.

Among them, the state-owned and collective components of the state-owned economy, the collective economy and the mixed-ownership economy belong to the public-owned economy; The individual, private, and foreign-funded economies belong to the non-public economy.

Agriculture and handicrafts belong to the individual economy, and national capitalist enterprises belong to the private economy, both of which are non-public economies and occupy a considerable proportion. In order to meet the needs of socialist construction, agriculture, handicrafts and capitalist industry and commerce were transformed into a collective or state-owned economy (public ownership) in the form of cooperatives and public-private partnerships

1.After the founding of the People's Republic of China, China was in the initial stage of socialism, which is, in short, the underdeveloped stage of socialism. Agriculture accounts for a large share, and industry accounts for a small share of the national economy.

The gap with Western countries is wide. In terms of industrial structure, the primary industry accounts for a large proportion, while the proportion of the secondary and tertiary industries lags far behind.

2.Fundamentally speaking, the long-term nature of the primary stage is determined by the historical conditions under which China entered socialism and the material foundation needed to build socialism. It is a long-term historical task to change the basic situation of backward development of the productive forces, improve the socialist production relations and superstructure, and realize modernization.

China's productive forces, science and technology, and education are relatively backward, and there is still a long way to go to achieve industrialization and modernization, and many problems existing in many aspects of economic and social development cannot be solved in a short period of time. On the one hand, industrialization is still a historical task that needs to be fulfilled in the process of China's modernization, and on the other hand, we are faced with the challenge of a new scientific and technological revolution marked by informationization and the pressure of an unfavorable position in the competition of comprehensive national strength. All these have determined that China will remain in the primary stage of socialism for a long time.

1.On ensuring and improving the people's basic living standards.

He pointed out that the living standards of the Chinese working people are still very low and poor, and "they urgently need to improve their living standards and live a prosperous and educated life." This is the greatest demand and hope of the overwhelming majority of the people in the country, and it is also the most basic task that the Communist Party of China and the people strive to achieve."

In order to meet "the greatest demands and hopes of the overwhelming majority of the people in the country" and to accomplish this "most basic task," the most fundamental thing is to restore and develop production.

2.On employment, relief, old-age care and social assistance.

Employment is the foundation of people's livelihood. Due to the long-term rule of imperialism and feudalism, the abnormal state of social economy was caused, and the old China left behind a large number of unemployed people. "After the victory of the revolution, the whole old socio-economic structure is being reorganized to varying degrees, and the number of unemployed people is increasing."

3.On the development of cultural and educational undertakings.

At that time, the ideas put forward by the party and ** mainly answered the question of "what kind of culture and education to build and how to build such culture and education". In September 1949, the "Common Program" adopted by the First Plenary Session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference clearly stated: "The cultural education of the People's Republic of China is the new democratic, that is, national, scientific, and popular cultural education," and "the educational methods of the People's Republic of China are consistent with theory and practice."

4.On the development of medical and health care, health and sports.

The above is that the country was very difficult during the liberation period.

The economy is on the verge of collapse and business capital is insufficient.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to solve the problems of the market coming to a standstill, the lack of commercial capital, and the problems of rural grain and peasants, the Communist Party of China, the Central Finance Commission and various localities formulated and introduced a series of preferential policies and measures to develop urban and rural material exchanges and promote domestic development

State-run commercial organizations should build county and township commercial bases, encourage and welcome private businessmen to go to the countryside, draw up reasonable price comparisons for industrial and agricultural products, dredge and expand the circulation network, restore and develop the transportation industry, and continue to do a good job in internal and external exchanges.

As a result of these efforts, the economic situation in New China has been greatly improved, which has not only promoted the exchange of industrial and agricultural products economically and stimulated the peasants' enthusiasm for production, but has also brought the relations between workers and peasants closer politically, consolidated the newly-born political power, and enabled our party to win the strategic initiative and a high degree of trust from the masses of the people in the early days of its administration.

In October 1949, what New China received from the Kuomintang was a mess on the verge of economic collapse. At the beginning of 1950, after stabilizing prices and unifying finance and economics, the market underwent great changes, and the unified management of the national system was restored.