Let s divide the parts of speech in Chinese. What are the classifications of Chinese parts of speech

There are 12 types of parts of speech classification: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals, quantifiers, distinguishing words, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, articles, particles, etc. Word classes can be divided into real words and imaginary words according to their actual meaning and grammatical structure, and open words and closed words according to whether they absorb other parts of speech.

For example, verbs: according to whether there is an object, it can be divided into "transitive" and "intransitive", and "transitive verb" also includes "double object verb (he gave me a piece of sugar, "giving" needs two objects, "me" and "sugar")" and "double transitive verb (verb that needs an object and a complement, for example, "he thinks I am good" needs the object of "I" and the descriptive complement of "very good)".

1. Noun (referred to as n.)) is a class of words, belonging to real words, nouns indicate the name of people, things, places or abstract concepts, nouns are also divided into proper nouns and common nouns.

2. Verb (abbreviated as v.).) is generally a word used to denote an action or state. In English, verbs are mainly divided into two main categories according to their role and function, one is predicate verbs and the other is non-predicate verbs.

3. Adjective (adjective, abbreviated as adj.)), one of the main classes of speech found in many languages.

4. Adverb (adverb abbreviated as adv.)) refers to words that express the characteristics of an action or state in a sentence, and are used to modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, or whole sentences, and to express concepts such as time, place, degree, and manner.

5. Preposition (preposition, abbreviated as prep.)Also known as prepositions, they indicate the relationship between nouns, pronouns, etc. and other words in the sentence, and cannot be used as a separate sentence component in the sentence.

6. Conjunction, abbreviated as conj) is a virtual word, which cannot serve as a sentence component on its own, but only functions as a connecting word to word, phrase to phrase, and sentence to sentence.

7. pronoun (pron. for short.)) is a part of speech that replaces a noun or a sentence. Most pronouns have the functions of nouns and adjectives.

The Chinese parts of speech are classified as follows: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals, quantifiers, distinguishing words, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, articles, particles, etc.

1. Nouns. A real word that denotes the name of a person or thing. Such as:"Cucumbers, cabbage, tractors, computers"。

1. The one that indicates the special name is called"Proper nouns"Such as:"Yunnan, Shanghai, Li Bai, Bai Juyi"。

2. The name that represents an abstract thing is called"Abstract nouns"Such as:"Category, Thought, Quality, Character, Friendship, Method"。

3. The one that indicates the direction is called"Directional nouns"Such as:"on""down"Left""East"West"'faces""Behind""East"Teasing before the banquet in the south""Middle"Wait.

2. Verbs. Verbs denote the action, behavior, development, change of a person or thing.

1. Some verbs indicate general actions, such as:"Come, go, speak, walk, run, learn, take off, examine, recognize"Wait.

2. Some verbs indicate mental activity, such as:"Think, value, pay attention to, respect, understand, believe, admire, and miss"etc., such verbs can often be preceded by such verbs"Very, very"。

3. Some verbs express the meaning of being able and willing, which is called"Willing verbs"and they are"Can, want, should, willing, dare, get, can, should, should go, can do, can consider, willing to learn, should explain, may develop"。

4. There are also verbs that indicate tendencies, called"Tendency verbs"Such as:"The source of regret comes, goes, goes up, goes down, goes in, goes out, comes up, goes up, goes down, goes down, comes over, goes up, goes up; , which are often used after general verbs to indicate tendencies.

Classification of words according to meaning or concept (words with the same grammatical nature and common in grammatical sense); Classes of speech are based on initials, endings, or overlapping forms (because languages are rich in morphological variations); Classes of speech are divided according to their grammatical function (whether they can act as syntactic components, the ability to combine words and words).

Classification of words according to meaning or concept (words with the same grammatical nature and common in grammatical sense); Classes of speech are based on initials, endings, or overlapping forms (because languages are rich in morphological variations); Classes of speech are divided according to their grammatical function (whether they can act as syntactic components, the ability to combine words and words).

The meaning is not operable, the judgment of the part of speech is unreliable, the concept or lexical meaning of the word is unobservable, it can only be understood but not clearly grasped, and it cannot reflect the internal expression function of the word, so it cannot be used as the main criterion for dividing the class of words.

Western grammar distinguishes parts of speech by morphology because Western languages have abundant morphological variations, but Chinese lacks morphological variations in the strict sense, that is, morphological variations are rare and incomplete in Chinese.

The grammatical function of words is mainly manifested in the ability to combine: it mainly includes the ability to combine real words and real words, and the ability to combine real words and imaginary words. Another aspect is the ability of words to act as syntactic structural components in sentences: real words can generally act as sentence components.

There are three types of divisions that are commonly mentioned: morphological basis, meaning basis, and grammatical function. Among them, morphology can only be used as a secondary basis, meaning can only be used as a reference basis, and the grammatical function of words is the main basis for dividing word classes in Chinese.