High school sophomore biological gene mutation, ask for explanation, thank you.

You're right. As long as the structure of a gene changes, it is called a gene mutation. A genetic mutation is an addition, deletion, or alteration of base pairs that occurs in a segment of a DNA molecule that has a genetic effect.

That's right, but even if the base changes in other parts are likely to affect the changes in the gene structure, for example, inserting three bases in other parts may make the whole open reading frame move, at that time, even if the base of the original gene has not changed, but the gene mutation has already occurred, so don't look at this problem so restrictively

Wrong. A change in the base will inevitably lead to a change in the gene. Because there are n base pairs in a gene. Alterations in genes must also lead to changes in the structure of DNA because genes are present in DNA. A base is the basic unit that makes up genes and DNA.

No, as long as there is a base change, it is called a mutation. If no other change occurs after a base mutation, it is called a silencing mutation.

You've fooled me up, hehe

The addition, deletion or change of base pairs in DNA molecules will inevitably lead to changes in gene structure.

A gene is a DNA sequence, including coding sequences (exons) and non-coding sequences (introns), but the base refers to the coding sequence, which is the constituent unit of DNA and RNA.

The 4 bases are not the same, and if the bases change, the gene structure will also change, because the gene structure includes the linear arrangement of the bases (DNA primary structure).

Gene A has a mutation, and at the locus A, it was originally the trait that controlled A, and after the sudden change, it no longer expresses the trait of the original file A, but expresses another trait or does not express it at all.

The A gene mutates and becomes the A gene, or the A1 gene, or the A2 gene, or the A1 gene, or the A2 gene, etc., which are all alleles of the A gene.

The change of gene base sequence caused by the substitution, addition or deletion of bases in a DNA molecule is called gene mutation.

According to the different ways of base change, the position of the base that changes, the number of bases, and the results after the change, gene mutations can be subdivided into various types, and frameshift mutations are one of them, and there is no need to master specific concepts in high school.

About frameshift mutations:

First, a gene can be divided into coding and non-coding regions. The coding region can be translated into mRNA and then transcribed into protein, while the non-coding region is not translated or transcribed. Second, the sequence of a coding region starting from the start codon to the stop codon with the potential to encode a protein is used as a reading frame.

Frameshift mutations are also known as frameshift mutations. It refers to the deletion or addition of nucleotides in the coding region of a gene that is not an integer multiple of 3, resulting in a change in the reading frame, so it is called a "frame-shifting" mutation. (Because of the existence of the "triple codon", the reading frame will be shifted when it is not an integer multiple of three.)

In short,A frameshift mutation is a type of genetic mutation under a taxonomic standard.

When frameshift mutations occur, nucleotides are added or missing.

The number of added or missing nucleotides is not an integer multiple of 3

Friday gene mutation and frameshift mutation, this comparison system is also more professional.

Frameshift mutation is a type of gene mutation, which refers to the change of the reading frame caused by the deletion or insertion of a certain base of the DNA molecule, resulting in a series of downstream code changes, so that the gene that originally encoded a certain peptide chain becomes encoding a completely different peptide chain sequence.

Gene mutations should also contain point mutations (i.e., changes in only one base pair).

1. The nature of the two is different, and genetic recombination is the combination of two different genes to form a new gene fragment. Genetic mutations refer to sudden, heritable mutations in genomic DNA molecules.

2. Gene mutation is the creation of a gene from scratch, and the mutation produces a new gene. Genetic recombination is the recombination of the original genes to produce a new genotype.

1.Traits are what living things look like, such as high and low.

Fat and thin, skin color, straight hair, etc., traits are determined by genes, but also by the environment.

It's just a **, gene mutation may be a gene change, divided into Zen closed autosomal mutation and sex chromosome state mutation, may or may not change the trait, gene mutation is the basis of biological evolution.

3.The trait is controlled by a pair of alleles, and the traits of the offspring depend on the genotype of the parents, and the recombination of the gene can change the trait.

You misunderstood.

A mutant trait is found in a population – a mutation has occurred, but the type is unknown.

Individuals with the trait are cultured – individuals who have been mutated are cultured, and no re-mutation is considered during this period.

It is not until the third generation that the type of mutation that can be stably inherited - recessive traits can be stably inherited. However, the offspring of the mutant individual will have trait separation and will not stabilize until the third generation, so the trait is not a recessive trait.

Answer: a

Choose A, explain:

Stable inheritance until the third generation is certainly not a recessive mutation, because the phenotype of the recessive mutant generation is homozygous.

Select b to mutate to d0d1

A mutation is a gene that was not originally present.

Suppose the original gene has d1 d2 (dominant gene)...d1, d2, d3 (recessive gene)...The mutated gene is d0 (never).

Then the original d1d1 mutation is d0d1, and the mutation trait of d0 is stably inherited by d0d0.

But the first generation has only one d0d1, then the second generation may have several d0d1s, but there can never be d0d0, and only the third generation will have d0d0. (In order for d0d0 to appear, both parents must have the d0 gene).

1. No, the gene of eukaryotes must be pruned after transcription to be mRNA, so the length of mRNA is smaller than DNA, and another gene does not necessarily have only one stop codon and one start codon; (I wonder if your teachers simplified this knowledge).

2. As mentioned above, introns are those fragments of DNA minus mRNA, that is, those corresponding fragments of synthetic mRNA are subtracted;

3. How can they be called gene mutations if they are not genes, they can only be called mutations;

4. As the first question, if this gene only encodes a polypeptide chain and is a prokaryote, then this sentence is true, otherwise it is wrong.

1.A gene is a part of DNA that has a genetic effect, does it refer to the start codon to the stop codon on the mRNA transcribed from DNA?

No. Genes are genes, and they don't run to mRNA. Genes are made up of both coding and non-coding regions, and your supplementation is not right.

2.What are introns on genes? Does it refer to the non-coding region of the gene?

No, introns + exons together constitute the coding region, and the introns belong to the regulatory sequence 3Can a genetic mutation only occur in a gene? Isn't a mutation in a non-genetic segment of DNA called a genetic mutation?

Yes. However, in high school, sometimes RNA viruses only have RNA, which is also called genetic mutations.

1. No. If you want to correspond with mRNA, no.

If introns can be included, introns will be transcribed, but mature mRNA at the time of translation has deleted the introns, and only exons remain.

2. No. The coding distinction is divided into introns and exons.

3. It can be understood in this way. A genetic mutation is defined as "a change in the structure of a gene caused by the addition, deletion, or replacement of base pairs in a DNA molecule." Note that it must cause a genetic change, which does not have a genetic effect in itself, and does not talk about a genetic mutation.

4. This is not the first question?

5. For example, in the case of the human body, the genes of each somatic cell are the same, so the mRNA obtained by transcription is the same. However, somatic cells only translate part of the mRNA, so only some of the genes are eventually expressed. And that part of the gene will be expressed depends on the needs of the cell itself, etc.

There are so many questions that I explain one by one.

1: The clear definition in textbooks is: A gene is a fragment of DNA that has a genetic effect.

But transcribed mRNA is a type of RNA, so it doesn't refer to this fragment. The two are not the same concept at all. One is DNA and the other is RNA.

2: The coding region has introns and exons. Genes have coding and non-coding regions3: Please pay attention to the textbook concept Gene mutation refers to the change of base pairs in genes such as deletion and so on.