What types of porcelain are available in China? What are the types of porcelain?

According to the division of private kilns and official kilns, it is a large classification.

Subdividing down, the famous folk kilns that have appeared, the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty: Chai Rujun Geding.

Firing time is one of the most commonly used classification and nomenclatures. It contains two aspects: one is to draw out the "dynasty", such as Tang porcelain, Song porcelain, Ming porcelain, Qing porcelain, etc.; The second is to draw out the "era", which is generally used in Ming and Qing dynasty porcelain, such as Ming Hongwu kiln, Ming Xuande kiln, etc.

The firing location refers to the total firing area. For example, "Yue kiln" refers to the kiln sites in Yuyao, Shangyu and Shaoxing areas of Zhejiang, and "Yaozhou kiln" refers to the kiln sites of Huangbao Town, Chenlu Town, Lidipo, Shangdian and Yuhua Palace in Tongchuan City, Shaanxi.

Firing characteristics: fetal quality, glaze, decoration, shape and inscription are the five major elements that make up porcelain. Among them, glaze color is an important criterion to distinguish the category of porcelain. In the development of ceramics in China, it has experienced the process of monochrome glaze to multi-color glaze (color glaze).

Monochrome glaze includes green glaze, white glaze, red glaze, blue glaze, yellow glaze, green glaze, black glaze, etc., and green glaze can be divided into pink green, azure, bean green, etc., white glaze is divided into sweet white, green and white, red glaze has Ji red, ox blood red, cowpea red, etc. There are two kinds of multi-color glaze: one is to use color blocks of different colors and shapes to form the glaze, such as uniform glaze; The other uses glaze to outline patterns, such as blue and white, pastel, etc., which is also customarily called "colored porcelain".

Colored porcelain can be divided into three types: overglaze color, underglaze color and double-layer sandwich color.

The firing kiln is the most vivid reflection of China's feudal hierarchy. Official kiln ware refers to the products fired by the official kiln factory for the royal family, which began in the Tang Dynasty and was unprecedented in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Folk kiln ware is a variety of products fired by folk kilns.

The official kiln ware is exquisite, dignified and luxurious, while the folk kiln ware is free and vivid.

From the perspective of collection, looking at the types of porcelain, porcelain is generally divided into two categories: monochrome glazed porcelain and painted porcelain. Monochrome glazed porcelain is divided into plain porcelain and color glazed porcelain, both of which are commonly known as "one glaze".

China's Ming Dynasty was the era of plain porcelain, and after the Ming Dynasty, there was a vigorous development of colored porcelain. Plain porcelain refers to porcelain that has no color on or under the glaze, and there is no painted pattern. Plain porcelain is fired in a ventilated state, resulting in different glaze colors due to the different content of iron oxide contained in the glaze.

Including celadon, black porcelain, white porcelain, blue and white porcelain.

Celadon: also called green porcelain. The glaze contains iron oxide, which was the earliest porcelain to appear, and the most famous was the Longquan kiln when it developed into the Song Dynasty.

Black porcelain: also called Tianmu porcelain. It is fired with an increase in iron content on the basis of celadon.

The famous ones are Jianyao and Deqing kiln. White porcelain: a transparent glaze due to its low iron content.

The most famous ones are Dingyao and Xingyao. The advent of white porcelain made it possible to paint on porcelain, thus laying the foundation for the development of colored porcelain.

Qingbai porcelain: also called shadow blue, hidden blue, reflection blue, cover blue, etc. The glaze color is between green and white, white in green, flashing blue in white, and similar to ice jade.

China is the homeland of porcelain, and the invention of porcelain is the great contribution of the Chinese nation to world civilization, in English"Porcelain"The word (China) has become"China"synonymous with . Around the middle of the Shang Dynasty in the 16th century BC, early porcelain appeared in China. Because it is still rough on the carcass and in the firing process of the glaze layer, the firing temperature is also low, showing primitiveness and transition, so it is generally called"Original porcelain"。

Porcelain was born from pottery, and its invention was gradually explored by ancient Chinese ancestors in the experience of firing white pottery and printed hard pottery.

Firing porcelain must meet three conditions at the same time: first, the raw materials for porcelain making must be porcelain stone, porcelain clay or kaolin rich in minerals such as quartz and sericite; Second, the firing temperature must be above 1200; The third is to apply the glaze fired at high temperature on the surface of the vessel. As a product of the transition period from pottery to porcelain, primitive porcelain has the characteristics of dense fetal quality, durability, easy cleaning, and gorgeous appearance compared with various pottery, so it has broad development prospects.

Porcelain is generally divided into two main categories: monochrome glazed porcelain and painted porcelain. 1. Monochrome glazed porcelain

Plain porcelain (including celadon, black porcelain, white porcelain, blue and white porcelain) and color glazed porcelain. Celadon is also called green porcelain, the glaze contains iron oxide, it is the earliest porcelain to appear, and the most famous is the Longquan Jinbi Chi kiln when it developed to the Song Dynasty.

Black porcelain: also called Tianmu porcelain, is fired by increasing the iron content on the basis of celadon, and the famous ones are Jianyao and Deqing kiln. White porcelain:

Due to the formation of transparent glaze due to the low iron content, the most famous are the Ding kiln and the Xing kiln, and the appearance of white porcelain made it possible to paint on porcelain, thus laying the foundation for the development of colored porcelain. Qingbai porcelain: also called shadow blue, hidden blue, reflection blue, cover Qingxiang Li, etc., the glaze color is between green and white, white in white, white in flashing blue, like ice jade.

Color glazed porcelain: refers to a glazed porcelain with color, which is fired in a closed state, and presents different colors of glaze due to the different content of iron oxide, copper oxide and other contents and different firing temperatures. Color glazed porcelain includes red glaze, sauce glaze, blue glaze, yellow glaze, green glaze, purple glaze, etc.

2. Painted porcelain: Porcelain that is manifested as a porcelain that does not win by glaze color, but by vessel type, painting and color. The development of painted porcelain began with blue and white, that is, ornamentation began to appear on or under the glaze, and blue and white, two-color, three-color, five-color, bucket color, pastel, bronze color, gold color, etc. appeared.

Among them, blue and white are generally underglaze colors, three-color and five-color are generally overglaze colors, and bucket color is underglaze blue and white and overglaze five-colored.

This question is very good, as a kind of porcelain there are many kinds of wide categories, if you distinguish from the glaze layer, then there is glaze, under the color porcelain, such as five-color porcelain, it belongs to the glaze pastel also belongs to the glaze, and the pastel also belongs to the glaze colored porcelain. Usually the blue and white porcelain and glaze red porcelain that I see in the spring are all underglaze colored porcelain, and most of the colored porcelain varieties produced by Hunan Lihe Hanling kiln belong to the glaze colored porcelain varieties. I wish you all the best of luck, every day, every life!

<> porcelain includes celadon, white porcelain, blue and white porcelain, color glazed porcelain, painted porcelain, etc.

1. Celadon is a treasure of Chinese ceramic firing technology, as a kind of porcelain with cyan glaze on the surface. The formation of celadon hue is mainly caused by the firing of a certain amount of iron oxide in the tire glaze, which is roasted in a reducing flame atmosphere.

2. White porcelain: also known as Chinese white. White porcelain has a long history, and Xingyao kiln is the earliest white porcelain kiln site in China. One of the seven famous kilns of the Tang Dynasty, Xing kiln, which has the reputation of the originator of Chinese white porcelain.

3. Qingbai porcelain: It is a treasure in the traditional porcelain-making process of the Han nationality, and a kind of porcelain created and burned in the Song Dynasty represented by Jingdezhen. Qingbai porcelain is also called shadow green, hidden blue, and reflection blue.

4. Color glazed porcelain: also known as color glazed porcelain, it relies on the change of glaze water color to decorate porcelain. Usually, the content of various trace elements in the glaze can be adjusted to achieve the purpose of changing the glaze color, such as copper red, cobalt blue, iron black, lead green, etc.

5. Painted porcelain: one of the traditional famous porcelains of the Han nationality. Painted porcelain on the surface of an object. There are mainly two categories of underglaze colored porcelain and overglaze colored porcelain, and underglaze color began in the Three Kingdoms period of Dongwu underglaze painted porcelain. In the Tang Dynasty, there were Tang blue and white flowers, as well as underglaze painted porcelain such as Changsha kilns.