What kind of policies were implemented during the Northern Song Dynasty?

During the Northern Song Dynasty, ** implemented a series of policies that emphasized literature over military force to strengthen local control and prevent military generals from rebelling. These policies include:

1.Civilian officials were sent to the local government to serve as prefects and governors, and to manage local political affairs in place of the Jiedu envoys.

2.Civilian officials can serve as generals in command of the army, but military generals are often only deputy commanders, subject to the supervision and control of civilian officials.

3.Set up the "Three Ya", that is, the three armies of Fengning, Wuding, and Wuchang, to maintain a Praetorian Guard army that was absolutely loyal to the emperor.

4.The implementation of the "change of military law" and the rotation of the forbidden army every three years made it impossible to form a private force in the army because there was no fixed relationship between the soldiers and the generals.

5.We should practice "occupying the city of rice," actively develop agriculture, and improve the state's financial capacity.

7.Strengthen the assessment system to ensure the quality and ability of the best.

8.Strengthen local control and prevent the expansion of local forces.

9.Adopt a policy of peace with the outside world, maintain stable relations with neighboring countries through annual coins and tribute, and avoid war.

The implementation of these policies led to political stability, economic development, and cultural prosperity during the Northern Song Dynasty. However, it also caused the combat effectiveness of the Northern Song Dynasty army to gradually decline, which eventually led to the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty.

There were many policies during the Northern Song Dynasty, such as political. Implement the system of two governments and three divisions.

Weaken the power of the prime minister and centralize the imperial power.

Today's wind is so strong, it's a trumpet of winter. Suddenly it became clear that this was where we were now.

In winter, the willful and resilient seeds buried in the soil, the pulse of life makes us boil, but the appearance is still a dead silence.

When I was a child, I especially liked to compare life to the four seasons, because spring is full of hope and vitality, restless, summer is gorgeous, lush, and high, autumn is broad, generous, stable and abundant, and winter seems to be peaceful and quiet. Spring, summer, autumn and winter, from birth to driving the crane west? But it always feels wrong.

Life doesn't seem to be so simple as a straight line, some people are born with spring blossoms, while others are born with cold winds, but no matter what, we all come from the same origin.

The ancients said well, "All things are born in the earth". Therefore, in the beginning, we all began from the earth. The spring flowers and autumn grasses of life are actually hidden in the soil of winter, and the time sequence of winter, spring, summer, and autumn seems to be arranged in this way.

It's just that we chose a different location. Those well-behaved children who follow the trend are flowers in the greenhouse. Instead, we chose the wilderness and nature.

It's just that the winter in the greenhouse doesn't feel cold, it's still like summer, and it's still colorful.

In winter, the wind is cold.

But have you found out?

Boo——! Did you hear that? Whispers under the dirt. Even though the cold wind is howling, you can listen to them telling their ideals in a gentle manner, and they show their tenacity in silence.

Suddenly, I felt a wave of excitement that I had never felt before, a power that wanted to explode!

That's the energy you've been accumulating for a long time!

Three particularly like a passage from Thoreau:

I went into the jungle because I wanted life to be meaningful, I wanted to be profound, to absorb all the essence of life, to defeat everything that is not life. lest, at the end of my life, I will find that I have never lived. ”

Yes, it reflects my heart, in the dark, in the light.

Fourth, spring is coming!

But don't forget that those who pay more than others are not detours, not astray paths, and not "mistaken" if you want to enter later. Those experiences, those pains, will become landscapes, into unique and beautiful landscapes that greenhouse flowers will never have.

And those landscapes are not what we can't take away or take down when we travel, it's the scenery of life, and it grows on you!

Remember, spring is coming, it's just that it's still winter.

Remember, it's just winter!

Who said that winter is coming, and spring will be far away.

He relieved the generals of their military powers, and all of them were taken over to the emperor, and the power of the prime minister was weakened by the messy talk of filial piety, and all the taxes of the servants were required to be handed over to the imperial court, and sometimes the emperor would send special envoys to make inspections.

He relieved the rights of senior generals, took all the military power into his own hands, accepted some generals who were very easy to control, set up the Secret Shenqiao Auction Courtyard, filled the power of the forbidden army, and set up the middle gate and the three provinces of Shangshu under the door.

In the military aspect, the military power was released from the army, and the power of the prime minister was weakened, and the financial side issued that the taxes of the states were used by the state, and the judicial department was established to be in charge of the bridge and justice, and the rule of vague names and transcriptions was created in the recruitment of the first person, and the examination procedures were stricted.

In the military implementation of a glass of wine to release the military power, the removal of senior generals of the military power, politically weakened the power of the prime minister, the financial aspect, the state tax at the beginning of the local "branch to the use of limbs" for all sent to the imperial court, judicially the emperor sent a special envoy to inspect the place, deal with the case demolition of difficult cases, ** recruitment, heavy literature and light military brigade hunger, great prosperity of the imperial examination.

Northern song dynasty. Politics, there are many evils, especially"Redundant officials, redundant soldiers, redundant expenses"The problem is extremely serious. Song Taizu.

At the time of the founding of the country, officials were divided into positions.

There was a fixed number, but in the future, with the increasing proliferation of conscripted officials, Enyin officials, and ancestral halls, the ranks of officials in the Northern Song Dynasty swelled rapidly. In the second year of Renzong Tiansheng (1024), the admission of all scholars reached 1,067 people, and after admission, Zi Sou was directly appointed as an official, and after two or three years of hard work, the ** newly hired by the imperial examination more than doubled. Fan Zhongyan.

There are even more people who guide Taihu Lake and get officials in the shade. There are not only many officials in the Song Dynasty, but also the quality is very poor, and the ability to do things is very low, but the treatment of the Song Dynasty is particularly generous, the so-called preferential treatment of civil officials in the Song Dynasty is these, in addition to the regular salary, but also to provide a certain amount of spring and winter clothing, as well as a variety of subsidies such as job money, the state expenditure is increasing, coupled with the royal family's large-scale construction, arbitrary squandering, ** finance is increasingly beyond the ends of the year. As a result, social contradictions deepened day by day, peasant uprisings and mutinies occurred one after another, internal and external troubles erupted year after year, and the country was faced with numerous crises.

During the Northern Song Dynasty, the state's centralization was greatly weakened. When Song Taizu implemented the reforms of the Renzong Dynasty, due to political reasons, it also caused military corruption and incompetence. During the Northern Song Dynasty, there were phenomena such as "soldiers and people did not raise" and "did not practice the battle array movement".

At the beginning of Song Taizu's ascension to the throne, he had already realized that it was imperative to strengthen the centralization of power. So he brought the systems of "light taxation and thin endowment" and "integration of military and civilian" implemented in his later years to the army, and at the same time established the local military power separatist regime "Hedong Jiedu Envoy" to weaken the power.

During the Song Dynasty, the army's daily life, operations, training, etc., were inseparable from taxes. And this tax system is based on physical objects. Therefore, levies are based on physical objects.

But the collection in kind is not just dependent on military personnel. It was also necessary for the imperial court to collect taxes, etc. As a result, a large number of officers and soldiers had to pay taxes to the imperial court.

As a result, these officers and soldiers will not participate in military training activities in peacetime.

During the period of Taizong of the Song Dynasty, because of the addition of Li Shouzhen, Liu Zhengyan and others, the ** regime of the Northern Song Dynasty became more stable. Although the Northern Song Dynasty also had some restrictions on military affairs, Song Taizong still had relatively strict military restrictions. He attached great importance to the strict requirements for the army's training conditions, combat readiness strength, troop resources, and other specific aspects.

During the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty, large-scale military recruitment and reorganization began. Song Taizong once said: "The military budget is insufficient to complete the battle."

During the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty, many military institutions were set up to strengthen the training tasks of the army.

In the early days of the Northern Song Dynasty, in order to strengthen the centralization of power and enhance the control of local military forces, the "Hedong Jiedu Envoy" was established to unify the northern region. However, Hedong Jiedu only played a pacificating role, and could not really control the border areas, so there were still a large number of Khitans in the north. This situation made the Northern Song Dynasty's policy towards the Khitan even more stringent.

During the Northern Song Dynasty, many local separatist regimes were formed: such an army existed in Hedong, Hedong, and Hebei provinces, because in the early Northern Song Dynasty, there were a large number of local warlord forces, who competed with each other for power and profit, and when the state was weak, the only goal was to divide one side. A large number of military groups and forces have been formed in this area, and these groups have also not hesitated to wage wars and constantly encroach on the territory of other countries in order to seize power.

In this period, it was the first period in Chinese history that was valued by the rulers, and during this period, the rulers realized the chaos and unbearable society at that time, and put forward many positive measures to strengthen the centralization of power. In his later years, Song Taizu also adopted a series of reform measures for the army, such as lightly disposing of small taxes and establishing local separatist regimes, etc., mainly to weaken the power. As a local separatist regime, the Hedong Jiedu envoy is an important means to weaken the centralization of power with its own strength.

Due to the weakening of the centralization of power, the local warlords supported the army and divided the territory; It has made a significant contribution to the restoration of the old Chinese separatist pattern. However, the positive role played by the local armed forces has not been fully unleashed; As a result, the centralization of power in the Northern Song Dynasty was further weakened; As a result, the local forces of the Northern Song Dynasty were unstable.

The Northern Song Dynasty would go to conscription everywhere, and the benefits given to the soldiers were very high. However, it has also caused some problems of lower population growth rates.

First of all, they have adopted a hierarchical management and division of responsibilities, but it may lead to many people not acting.

They are supposed to delegate power to the various people, and then select a group of people from among them so that they can become masters.

1. China's Northern Song Dynasty policy towards Korea: In order to calm the Northern Song Dynasty, the Northern Song Dynasty sent silk and tea to the Khitan every year. 2, Song Zhenzong Zhao Heng's policy of ascending the throne was to exchange the year coins for the emperor of peace.

3, the policy of guarding the internal and the external 4, the foreign policy of the Northern Song Dynasty 5, adopted by the ruling group in the early Northern Song Dynasty"Lomboe"Policy 6, Northern Song Dynasty policy towards the Khitan Guiming people 7, Northern Song Dynasty medical policy 8, Northern Song Dynasty military basic policy 9, Northern Song Dynasty Renzong period Lianbo Xia policy 10, Northern Song Dynasty cultural policy duality 11, Northern Song Dynasty religious policy 12, Yanwu Xiuwen"The policy is an important measure for the Northern Song Dynasty to prevent the dictatorship of the warriors, maintain the imperial power, and consolidate the centralization of power.13 After the founding of the Northern Song Dynasty, in view of the historical lessons of the five dynasties of martial artists in the late Tang Dynasty, a unique set of general policies was gradually formed.14 The Northern Song Dynasty's two use of troops failed, so they had to adopt a defensive policy.15 The impact of the Northern Song Dynasty's land policy on the society of the Southern Song Dynasty.16 The Northern Song Dynasty (960 1126 AD) was an important period in the history of the development of traditional Chinese medicine, and the Chinese medicine policy formulated during this period played a huge role, which laid a solid foundation for the "new learning Zhaoxing" [1] in the Jin and Yuan dynasties The policy of the Northern Song Dynasty shifted from "active external" to "guarding the internal and external politics: emphasizing literature over military force and concentrating power. Economy:

The boundaries of the fang market during the Tang Dynasty were abolished, commerce was greatly developed, the Maritime Silk Road was opened, and the economic prosperity of the Northern Song Dynasty was promoted. Technology: Shipbuilding technology was advanced, and the innovation and invention of the compass greatly contributed to the history of human navigation.

There is also Bi Sheng of the Northern Song Dynasty who invented movable type printing, which promoted the spread of writing in China. Military: Repeatedly lost in foreign wars, and had to compromise with the Khitan and Western Xia, and even tolerated it.

Education: Because of the policy of emphasizing literature over military force, the Northern Song Dynasty vigorously developed the imperial examination system and made a steady stream of talents, which made contributions to China's education.