What can Hu Shi learn from studying and being a person?

Mr. Hu Shih's "bold assumptions and careful verification" is a method of study that has had a great influence at home and abroad in recent decades. Since the fifties, this approach has been criticized and supplemented by well-meaning comments and additions.

In the early 50s, Mr. Hu Shih returned to Taiwan from the United States and gave a lecture on the method of academic management at National Taiwan University, discussing "bold assumptions and careful verification." Mr. Qian Siliang, the president of Fusheng National Taiwan University at that time, said to Mr. Hu Shih in private: "People who study science, engineering, agriculture, and medicine should pay attention to the 'bold assumptions' in the previous sentence, because they have developed a relatively careful attitude and habit of verification;

As for those who study literature, history, science, and social sciences, they should pay special attention to the next sentence, 'careful verification', because they have not developed the habit of seeking verification. Mr. Hu Shi said, "I generally agree with this meaning. ”

Regarding this attitude and method of study, Mr. Hu said: "When I was lecturing on "Methods of Study" at National Taiwan University, I told a story: In the Song Dynasty, a new jinshi asked the old-timers for the secret of being an official, and the old-timers told him four words:

Diligent, cautious, gentle and slow. These four words are called the secret of being an official, and I regard it as the secret of being a person, doing things, and doing knowledge. ”

Mr. Hu interprets it this way:

"Diligence": that is, not to be lazy, not to take shortcuts, to be down-to-earth, hard work. Use your eyes, your hands, your feet, your feet, and your husband's ask you to find materials, and you go where you should go to find them.

Diligence is diligence in the eyes and hands - that is, the diligence of the poor and the yellow springs, the diligence of the facts, and the diligence of the evidence.

"Sincere": that is, cautious, not careless, not reluctant. As the saying goes, don't dismantle and rot.

Write Chinese characters, one point, one horizontal; To make numbers, a circle or a decimal point is not enough. Don't think that this is a small thing, doing small things is related to the big things in the world, and doing learning is related to success or failure, so being careful and cautious is a habit that must be cultivated. Sincerely, that is, meticulously, not sloppy, give an example, establish a proof, search for a conclusion, are not meticulous, that is, cautious, that is, "respectful".

Harmony": that is, don't lose your temper, don't be arbitrary, be open-minded, and be peaceful. What is called humility, the brain does not have prejudices, does not observe facts with prejudices, and does not treat people with prejudices.

As far as learning is concerned, it is necessary to do chemistry, mathematics, history, and geography with a calm attitude. No matter what is about things, about people, about things, about problems, and about the truth, it is completely open-minded.

Slow": Just don't be busy, don't jump to conclusions.

If you don't have the habit of slowing, the first three words are not easy to do. For example, finding evidence is a difficult job, and if you set a time limit for handing in the papers, you will not be able to do the work of "diligence"; is busy with the completion of the world, the evidence is not enough, no matter it, so that it cannot be "cautious"; Finger tape to do it in a hurry, of course, can not do the work of "harmony". Therefore, if the evidence is not enough, it should be hung continuously, that is, it should be hung there first, and it is not that you should put it aside and leave it alone, but it should be rigorous and slow.

Today, the reason why I excerpt Mr. Hu Shi's attitude and method of studying is because Mr. Hu's method of study is a precious spiritual heritage of our Chinese nation.

This attitude and method of learning can not only be applied to learning, but also to our conduct in the world. Let us keep in mind the key to being a person and doing things of "working diligently, being cautious, treating people kindly, and thinking rationally", so that we can meet the source of work and life, and go smoothly.

For reading, we should learn and develop the habit of reading with purpose and focus, so that we can be good at discovering key points, new problems, new ideas and new materials in reading, which will not only help improve reading speed, but also improve reading comprehension and memory efficiency. Of course, this needs to be consciously cultivated in your daily reading.

If you don't read efficiently, you can learn how to read quickly. Speed reading is an efficient reading learning method with direct reflection of the eyes and brain, after mastering, when reading articles and materials, you can quickly extract the key points, promote sorting, induction and analysis, and improve the efficiency of comprehension and memory; At the same time, the fast reading speed can also save a lot of time and do other things with ease. Mastering is not something that can be done in one or two sentences, if you want to learn, you can understand it yourself, or refer to the "Elite Speed Reading Memory Training Software", which is mainly to train fast reading, and there is also a "mind map" training, if your reading efficiency is low, you can practice and improve it.

That is, to record the reading feelings or perceptions in the reading process, such as your understanding, association, inspiration, etc., of a certain sentence or a certain point of view, you must record it in time.

After reading: Organize the books in the form of knowledge frameworks or mind maps, mainly to refine the important content of the books, and also include some of your own understanding and perception in the process of reading. The knowledge framework, specially prepared is a note in the form of a mind map, which has the advantage of being convenient to add new content, when I have relevant new knowledge points and new experiences in the later study or reading, I can add it to promote the connection of knowledge and facilitate mastery and application.

For some books, such as the ones that I feel very touched after reading them, I will also write about my reading feelings.

Hu Shi is a well-known scholar in China and an advocate of the New Culture Movement. He studied in the United States in his early years and graduated from Columbia University. He used to be a professor and president of Peking University, and the dean of the Taiwan ** Research Institute.

He has made achievements in philosophy, literature, and history. His main works include "Outline of the History of Chinese Philosophy", "History of Vernacular Literature", "Hu Shiwencun", "Collection of Attempts", "Examination of the Water Margin", "Examination of the Dream of the Red Chamber", etc. In 1989, the "Trial Collection" was selected as one of the "Thirty Books That Influenced Chinese History".

In the article "Reading", Hu Shi put forward "two elements" on the method of reading. He said: "Today I want to talk to you about the method of reading based on my personal experience.

My first sentence is very common, that is, there are two elements of reading, the first is to be proficient, and the second is to be broad. The main points and contents of the "two elements" are elaborated below.

1. Jing Hu Shi believes that if you want to be good at reading, you must achieve four things: "eyes, mouth, heart, and hands." ”

1.Eye. We must see every word clearly, recognize it clearly, and don't let it go casually. Seeing is very important for reading, and seeing can also form good habits and develop a meticulous personality.

2.Mouth to. To read every sentence, good works must be memorized. He said: "The function of reading is to make us understand the structure of each sentence and the relationship between the parts of the sentence. Often it is not possible to read it once, and it is necessary to read it twice or three times before it can be understood. ”

3.Hand to. When you study, you have to do it to get something.

You need to start punctuating and segmenting and making reading notes. Notes are divided into four categories: transcription memos; Make a synopsis; Make a book to; Do the experience.

Refer to the books and integrate them. Hu Shi said: "When you read a book, you have to do some tricks, or make a summary, or make an explanation, or do a discussion, reorganize, recount, and narrate in your own language, and that kind of knowledge and thought can be regarded as your own."

Second, Bo Hushi said: "If you have to read any book, it is Bo." The ancients said, 'Open books are beneficial,' and I also advocate this idea. The "Bo" he advocates has two meanings.

1.Blog for the preparation of reference materials.

2.In order to be a useful person.

Preparatory reference materials refer to the knowledge acquired through extensive study, which can be used as reference materials for understanding other knowledge. Hu Shi said: "Reading just one book is not enough to know one book." Read more books, and then you can read a single book. ”

In order to be a useful person, Hu Shi compared "a person who specializes in one skill and one skill" to "a flagpole", which is just a lonely crutch and lonely and pitiful. He likened "a person who has a lot of knowledge but nothing to do" to "a very large piece of tissue paper that can't help but be blown by the wind and rain." He thinks:

In society, neither of these two people has much influence. In terms of being a human being, there is very little fun. He said:

The ideal scholar. It can be both broad and profound. Profound refers to his specialized knowledge, and broad refers to his extensive search.

Vast enough to know almost everything, so profound that almost exclusive to him, no one else can match. Such a person is a person who is extremely useful to society, and can fully enjoy the fun of life for himself. ”