For benevolence is also up to oneself, but by others? What philosophical truth does it illustrate?

Zi said: "I want to be benevolent, and Si Ren will return." ”

Some things are decided by oneself, and the question is whether they can be fulfilled in concrete practice without being pedantic!

The words on the first floor are very correct, it is about internal causes, but it is also talking about subjective initiative; The former speaks of the inherent contradiction that determines the change of things, the latter speaks of the dialectical relationship between consciousness and matter, subjectivity and objectivity, and the latter is more concrete and must be addressed.

However, it must also be emphasized that how to correctly embody "benevolence" as a social and personality ideal in practice must conform to the specific requirements of social development and the essence of interpersonal relations, otherwise it will be empty and inappropriate and make people behave in a way that has not been mentioned here. If you have ideals, you must also seek truth from facts!

According to Shanzhai Ma Zhe, this statement shows that internal causes are the basis for the development and change of things.

According to Confucius and Mencius, this statement shows that everyone can be Yao Shun.

Connections are universal.

The universality of contradictions.

The meaning of this sentence is: To dismantle the benevolence of Lu Xing, you have to rely on yourself, is it dependent on others?

Source: "The Analects of Yan Yuan." Original Text:

Yan Yuan asked Ren, and Zi said: "Self-denial is benevolence." One day of self-denial and revenge, the world will return to benevolence.

For the sake of benevolence, but by others? Yan Yuan said: "May I ask its eyes?"

Zi said: "Don't look at incivility, don't listen to incivility, don't speak incivility, and don't move incivility." Yan Yuan said:

Although the reply is not sensitive, please talk about it. ”

Translation: Yan Yuan asked what benevolence was. Confucius.

Say, "It is benevolence to restrain oneself and bring oneself to the courtesy of words and deeds." Once you have done this, everyone in the world will praise you for being benevolent. Do we have to rely on ourselves to practice benevolence, or do we rely on others? ”

Yan Yuan said: "Please ask about the specific way to practice benevolence. Confucius said, "Don't look at things that are impolite, don't listen to things that are not courteous, don't say things that are not courteous, and don't do things that are not courteous." Yan Yuan said, "Although I am not smart, please let me do what I say." ”

Textual interpretation

Benevolence is the highest moral ideal and standard of Confucius, and the practice of benevolence and moral cultivation depends entirely on oneself. While acknowledging that there are objective criteria (such as seeing the wise and thinking together, etc.), it also emphasizes that subjectivity is self-consciousness and has a certain degree of rationality.

Confucius's "benevolence and self-reliance" was later developed by generations of Confucian scholars, and a set of theories on moral cultivation determined by oneself were formed. Mencius.

Talk about expanding the four ends, ask them to rest assured, Zengzi.

The three provinces of my body, the self-cultivation of "University" is based on self-cultivation, and self-cultivation is based on sincerity and righteousness, "The Mean".

Shen Du said, Song Confucian's Ju Jing Que Chi said, Lu Wang Xinxue's conscience theory, etc., are all "for the benevolence of oneself" play.

Yan Yuan asked. Zi said: "Self-denial is benevolence." One day of self-denial and revenge, the world will return to benevolence. For the sake of benevolence, but by others? ”

Yan Yuan said: "May I ask its eyes?" Zi said: "Don't look at incivility, don't listen to incivility, don't speak incivility, and don't move incivility." Yan Yuan said: "Although I am not sensitive, please do something." ”

From "The Analects of Yan Yuan".

Interpretation: Yan Yuan asked Confucius how to do anything, and Confucius said: "To restrain oneself and do everything according to the requirements of etiquette is benevolence." Once this is done, everything under heaven will be benevolent. The practice of benevolence lies entirely in oneself, and does it still depend on others?"

Yan Yuan said: "I hope to point out some specific practices. Confucius said

Don't look at what is not polite, don't listen to what is not polite, don't say what is not polite, and don't do what is not polite. Yan Yuan said: "Although I am not smart enough, I have to work hard to do these words."

Confucius also put forward the requirement of "self-denial" for all strata of society, with those in power as the main body. This is the famous and misunderstood saying: "Self-denial is benevolence."

One day of self-denial and retribution, the world returns to benevolence" ("Yan Yuan") This sentence can be said to be the outline of Confucius's thought, involving propriety and benevolence, and "self-denial" is taken as the practical requirement of reciprocation. There have always been two different interpretations of the "ke" of "self-denial", one is interpreted as "victory" and "restraint", and the other is interpreted as "can" and "can". Judging from the relevant expositions in the Analects, it seems that interpreting "ke" as "restraint" is more in line with Confucius's original intention.

In fact, Confucius himself had his own set of expositions on "self-denial".

Meaning: The practice of benevolence lies in oneself, but does it also depend on others?

Yan Yuan asked. Zi said: "Self-denial is benevolence."

One day of self-denial and revenge, the world will return to benevolence. For the sake of benevolence, but by others? Yan Yuan said:

Please ask the purpose of the dust manuscript. Zi said: "Don't look at incivility, don't listen to incivility, don't speak incivility, and don't move incivility."

Yan Yuan said: "Although I am not sensitive, please do something." ”

Yan Yuan asked how to be benevolent. Confucius said, "Restraining oneself and doing everything according to the requirements of etiquette is benevolence."

Once this is done, everything in the world will be dismantled. The practice of benevolence lies entirely in oneself, and does it still depend on others?" Yan Yuan said

Pls the entry for the practice of benevolence. Confucius said: "Don't look at what is not in line with etiquette, don't listen to the jujube that is not in line with etiquette, don't say what is not in line with etiquette, and don't do what is not in line with etiquette."

Yan Yuan said: "Although I am stupid, I must do what you say." ”

Self-denial is benevolence", this is Confucius's main explanation of what benevolence is. Here, Confucius stipulates benevolence with propriety, and acting according to propriety is the fundamental requirement of benevolence. Therefore, etiquette is based on benevolence and maintained by benevolence.

Benevolence is internal, propriety is external, and the two are closely integrated. There are actually two aspects here, one is self-denial, and the other is retribution. Self-denial is the conscious observance of the rules of propriety through people's moral cultivation.

This is the core content of Confucius's thought, which runs through the Analects.