What are the theorems and laws and laws of philosophy

Silly boy, what are the "theorems" and "laws" in philosophy? "Theorems" are purely logical deductions and are deductive truths; "Laws" are proven by scientific experiments and are inductive truths. In philosophy, the "law" is an "axiom" or "hypothesis" or "conjecture"!

Relying on the vague proof of the practice of all human society, it is not accurate, cannot be precise, and does not need to be precise! Because the human mind needs such a stage or such a form to solve the corresponding general directional problems!

"Contradiction" is the most basic philosophical law, axiom, hypothesis or conjecture, this law is actually full of doubt, it is a negative affirmation - that is, "contradiction" is accepted as it is, which embodies the humor, frankness, sincerity and generosity of philosophy!

And "no contradiction" is the requirement of in-depth exploration from philosophy to science, it is the requirement of mathematics and formal logic, science from engineering technology, natural science to social science, thinking science is expanding day by day, the specific situation of "contradiction" is analyzed thoroughly, comprehensive disposal, science will obtain the practicality that is difficult to achieve by philosophy, and the mystery of Zhuge Liang's finger mental arithmetic in the past is presented as a clear ...... of modern engineers' drawings

Different from science, philosophy does not have a pure objective theoretical system that is unified in the world, and it does not require pure objectivity, on the contrary, people's subjective initiative is very important to the guiding role of philosophy, so philosophy is a kind of "ideology" - it includes people's positions, views, and methods, and is very closely related to the interests of real and specific people, and it is not only in literature, historiography and other academic studies to reflect the tendency of "loving wisdom", it still loves realistic and concrete people!

Therefore, when we ask about the laws of philosophy in general, we are actually asking what the basic questions of philosophy are, and this is the most important pair of contradictions: existence and thinking! You must have studied the dialectical materialist discourse on this subject.

The "three laws" and "five pairs of categories" extracted by materialist dialectics from Hegel's philosophy are actually the embodiment of contradictions in several major relationships.

The practical, revolutionary and scientific nature of Marxist philosophy abandons the old "metaphysical" theoretical tradition, does not construct a system, but guides social practice in the critical reflection on specific academic and realistic history and logic, so it is necessary to grasp its living soul rather than rigid dogma, and to recognize the contradiction of things is the most important thing.

It is usually the three laws and five categories.

Great Philosophical Laws:

First, the law of the unity of opposites;

Second, the law of mass interchange;

3. Negate the inverse theorem of negation.

In fact, there are many things in life that are dialectical and opposite.

In the second year of high school, I remember that what I studied should be mainly studying.

Materialism includes the question of matter, consciousness.

Dialectics includes universal connections, eternal development, three laws, and several pairs of categories.

Epistemology includes questions of practice, knowledge, and truth.

Historical materialism is the same as historical materialism, including social existence and social consciousness, productive forces and production relations, economic foundation and superstructure, the role of individuals and heroes in history, the form of social development, the path of social development, and so on.

Basic viewpoint of epistemology: practice is the foundation of cognition; recognize the practice of guidance; Cognition is a process of many iterations from practice to cognition and then from cognition to practice; Truth is the only criterion for testing knowledge.

The basic viewpoint of historical materialism (historical materialism) is that social existence determines social consciousness, and social consciousness reacts on social existence; The contradictory movements of productive forces and production relations, economic base and superstructure promote the continuous development of human society; The people are the driving force behind the creation of social history; Wait a minute.

After all, the so-called Marx's philosophy we learn is narrow, but we can't deny the greatness of Marx because philosophy is a highly unified summary of the laws of life, you only need to calm down, use abstract thinking to understand and analyze, philosophy is closely related to reality, if you think about it more, you will always find the shadow of philosophy from life, It is worthy of being perceived by the wisdom of the ancestors

Philosophical laws.

The law of positive and negative] has positive and negative sides; Where there is a positive electrode, there must be a negative electrode; There must be an upper and some lower; Where there is left, there must be right; There must be a front and a back; There is the new and there is the old. (Wang, China, 2020).

The Law of the Unity of Opposites] The two opposing sides constitute a unified whole, interdependent, and if one is lost, the other cannot exist. (Wang, China, 2020).

For example, in a magnet, the n and s poles are opposites. In metabolism, assimilation and alienation are opposites unified. In the exchange of goods, buying and selling are opposites. In economic activity, production and consumption are opposites and unified.

The Law of Equilibrium] Unbalanced things eventually reach equilibrium through spontaneous motion. (Wang, China, 2020).

For example, water flows low and stops when it reaches a level.

For example, heat is transferred from high to low temperatures, and the heat transfer stops when the heat equilibrium is reached.

For example, under the conditions of a market economy, the fluctuating ** will spontaneously tend to equilibrium under the action of the equilibrium law.

The Law of Rise and Fall] Things always go through a cyclical change from rise to fall. (Wang, China, 2020).

The Law of Conservation of Mass and Energy in the Universe] The total mass of the universe is conserved, and the total energy is conserved. (Wang, China, 2020).

The laws of philosophy refer to the intrinsic, essential, inevitable, and stable connections in the process of the movement of things. It is universal and objective.

1. The law of unity of opposites:

Everything in the world contains two sides of contradiction within and between things, and the two sides of the contradiction are both opposing and unified. The development of the movement of things lies in its own contradictory movement, the struggle and identity of contradictions.

The universal and the particular (common and individual, absolute and relative, general and individual) are unified in objective facts.

The law of the unity of opposites reveals the source and driving force of the development and change of things, and it runs through the materialist dialectic.

Among the other laws and categories, it is the essence and core of the scientific system of materialist dialectics.

2. Quantitative change and qualitative change:

The change of any thing is a process from quantitative change to qualitative change, and the quantitative change to a certain extent causes qualitative change, produces new quality, and then, on the basis of new quality, starts a new quantitative change. Quantitative change is the basis and necessary preparation for qualitative change, and qualitative change is the inevitable result of quantitative change. The law of quantitative change and qualitative change reveals the form and form of the development of things.

3. The law of negation of negation:

The development and change of any thing is the negation of the old by the new, the result of the contradiction between affirmation and negation within things, and the process of self-development of things.

The new negates the old and then is negated by the newer, and everything moves forward in such a "spiral". The law of negation reveals the trend and path of the development of things, that is, the development of things is manifested as the unity of progress and twists and turns.

Five major categories:

1. Content and form: content determines form, form serves content, content must be expressed through form, form has a reaction to content, content and form exist in a unity and are inseparable.

2. Phenomenon and essence: Essence and phenomenon are categories that reveal the interrelationship between the internal connection and external manifestation of objective things, and the two are both opposite and unified.

3. Cause and effect: Within a specific boundary and scope, cause and effect have a definite boundary and sequence, the cause is the cause, and the result is the effect, which can neither be confused nor reversed. On the other hand, the two are interdependent, interconnected, interacting, and transforming each other under certain conditions.

4. Possibility and reality:

The opposition is manifested in the fact that possibility is something that is latent and has not yet become a reality, and reality is something that already exists.

The unity is manifested in the fact that the two are interdependent, interrelated, interpenetrating, and transformed into each other under certain conditions.

5. Chance and inevitability: It is a pair of categories that reveal the different trends of occurrence, development and demise of things.

The three laws of philosophy are the law of unity of opposites, the law of quantitative change and qualitative change, and the law of negation of negation. These three laws of dialectics are philosophically universal to the limit. This was first elaborated by Hegel in Logic, and Engels summarized and refined it from Logic, thus making the laws of dialectics clearer.

What the laws of dialectics reveal are all connections between the essence of the limit, and are the products of the highest degree of abstraction. The establishment of historical materialism has made social science a real science, through which people can study the laws of social development. It is also the basis of scientific socialism.

When the capitalist relations of production shackle the productive forces, the productive forces cannot be liberated, and when the development of history needs to liberate the bound productive forces, the socialist system is born, and people can play their productive forces more actively in a freer, safer, and more advanced environment.

1. The law of unity of opposites:The law of the unity of opposites, also known as the law of contradiction, is the basic content of which is that everything contains contradictions, and the two sides of the contradiction are both opposing and unified, thus promoting the development of things.

The law of the unity of opposites reveals the source and driving force of the development of things. The law of unity of opposites is the essence and core of materialist dialectics.

2. The law of mass interchange. The basic content of the law of mutual change of quality is that everything is the unity of quality and quantity, and the mutual penetration and mutual transformation of quantitative change and qualitative change are the basic state and process of the development of things.

The law of mass interchange reveals the state and process of the development of things.

3. The law of negation of negation:The basic content of the law of negation is that everything is the unity of opposites between the positive and the negative.

The development of things is a dialectical process of self-negation, through which two negations form the stage of affirmation, the stage of negation, and the stage of negation of negation. The direction of development is upward and forward, and the road of development is circuitous and tortuous.

The law of negation reveals the direction and path of the development of things.

The kilometer and the theorem are both agreed upon, but the kilometer does not need to be proved when it is used, and the theorem needs to be reasoned and proved.

Difference Between Law and Law:

The meaning is different: the law refers to the scientific generalization of a certain objective law, reflecting the inevitable relationship of things under certain conditions and a certain process of change.

Different in nature: the law is objective, its existence and action are not subject to human will, the law can neither be created nor destroyed, and is irresistible; The law is subjective, and it is the correct understanding that can only be reached by a certain level of human cognitive ability, which can be continuously deepened, expanded, and moved forward.

The forms in which they occur are different: laws are inherent in things themselves, they exist independently outside of human consciousness, and they exist objectively and play a role regardless of whether people recognize it or like it; The law is people's understanding of a certain objective law, and only through practice can people discover the law and obtain the law. Only by studying and mastering the law can we use the understanding of the law, that is, the law, to guide practical activities, and the role of the law can be brought into play.

The scope is different: the law of the development of things is divided into general laws and body laws. Materialist dialectics.

What is revealed is the general laws that work universally in the whole of nature, human society and thinking, and are the commonality of various individual laws; What the law reveals is only the specific law that plays a role in nature, human society and thinking, especially in a certain field and a certain aspect in nature, and is a generalization and summary of a specific law.

The connection between laws and laws:

A law is a generalization of an objective law by people, and the law of inevitable connection that reflects the process of a certain change of things under certain conditions is inseparable from the law, and there is no law without a law. It can be seen that the law is not a law, the law is the content of the law, and the law is the subjective reflection of some objective dust law.

The philosophical meaning of law refers to the essential connection in the development of objective things, which has a universal form. Law and essence are concepts of equal degree, and both refer to aspects inherent in the inherently dispersed nature of things, which are hidden behind phenomena and determine or govern them.

However, essence refers to the internal connection of things, which is composed of the internal contradictions of things, while law refers to the essential relationship or stable connection between essences of the same kind of phenomena in terms of the process of development of things, which is the relatively static content of the ever-changing world of phenomena. Laws work repeatedly, and as long as the necessary conditions are met, the phenomenon of complying with the rules and regulations will inevitably recur.

Philosophical laws refer to general principles or truths that encapsulate within the philosophical realm. These principles or truths may be the result of a deep understanding of human experience or existence, or they may be the result of reflection on certain philosophical questions. For example, in ethics, a law might mean that "any action should follow a moral principle," while in metaphysics, a law might mean that "all existence is driven by a fundamental principle."