1 Is it DNA or mRNA that controls protein synthesis 2 Is there a difference between stromal thylakoi

1. Generally speaking, it is DNA that controls protein synthesis; mRNA is the template for protein synthesis, but the ultimate controller is DNA.

2. Basal granular thylakoids refer to endocysts that are stacked together; Stromal thylakoids refer to the junctions between the capsules within the basal granula.

1. DNA is transcribed into mRNA, and proteins are synthesized through mRNA, so it is DNA that controls protein synthesis

2. There is a difference.

Chinese name: stromal thylakoid English name: stroma-thylakoid Definition: In the chloroplast matrix, a large thylakoid attached between the basal granules without stacking.

Chinese name: granuloid thylakoid English name: granum-thylakoid Definition: The small thylakoids that make up the basal granules in the chloroplast matrix.

mRNA is a fragment of DNA that has a lot of stuff called bases on it. The order of each of the three specific bases corresponds to an amino acid, and tRNA is the one that can correspond to both bases and proteins () Each contains three bases, and tRNA and mRNA can form a long chain of amino acids by pairing and corresponding, and the long chain is a protein after folding.

In general, DNA is the core control substance, and RNA is just the equivalent of "messenger" and "translation".

A. A DNA molecule containing n bases, the base number of the transcribed mRNA molecule is less than n2, so option A is wrong;

B. The transcription process is the process of forming RNA with one strand of DNA as a template, so option B is wrong;

C. The binding site of RNA polymerase is on DNA, so option C is wrong;

d. Gene selection and expression at different stages of the cell cycle, so the type and content of mRNA are constantly changing, so option D is correct

Therefore, d

In the process of protein biosynthesis, mRNA is both with ribosomes.

The combination of the large subunit and the combination of the small subunit is also the same, but the time and order of the combination are different.

Reason analysis: Ribosomes are responsible for completing the "central law" of the "central law" from RNA to protein, a process called "translation" in biology. Before translation, the ribosomal subunit is transcribed with the messenger RNA from the nucleus

referred to as "mRNA"), combined with the large subunit of the ribosome to form a complete ribosome, the transport RNA (referred to as "tRNA") in the cytoplasmic matrix can be used to transport the amino acids delivered by the year.

molecules synthesize polypeptides. When the ribosome completes the translation of a single strand of mRNA, the large and small subunits are separated again.

It can be seen that mRNA binds to both large and small subunits of ribosomes.

Yes! The genetic material of an RNA virus is RNA.

Enzymes are proteins, and the synthesis process of proteins is controlled by DNA, and DNA of a certain structure can control the synthesis of messenger RNA of corresponding structures, and then the messenger RNA controls the synthesis of proteins of corresponding structures, that is, DNA molecules determine the properties of proteins through messenger RNA as a medium. Ribosomes and tRNA serve as sites for protein synthesis and carriers of amino acids, respectively, and have no decisive effect on the properties of proteins. In addition, it is more helpful to understand that a small number of viruses use RNA as genetic material, and there are examples of RNA being used to control protein synthesis.

Failure to properly understand the process by which DNA controls protein synthesis may lead to misunderstandings in this question.

A: Yes. Because genes (gene, mendelian

Factor) refers to the DNA or RNA sequence that carries genetic information, and some viruses have no DNA, so RND replaces the horn of DNA in the virus body, and plays a role in controlling genetic traits, so viruses that use RNA as genetic material to control the synthesis of proteins can be called genes.

A. The process of binding the target gene and plasmid under the action of DNA ligase belongs to gene recombination, and A is wrong;

b. There must be at least one marker gene on the plasmid, and the marker gene is not necessarily a resistance gene, but also a fluorescent gene, and B is wrong;

c. An ordinary plasmid that is not recombined with the gene of interest can also enter the recipient cell, c. Correct;

D. When using a plasmid as a transport vector, the target gene on the plasmid does not need to be integrated into the DNA of the recipient cell, and when using a virus or phage as the transport vector, the target gene needs to be integrated into the DNA of the recipient cell

Therefore, c

I understand that the landlord's problem is like this. The post-connection screening is actually a two-step process. The first step is to screen out the linker products containing the vector marker gene, which may include vector-target gene linkage and vector-vector linkage, and generally use the resistance culture of the marker gene on the vector (the general marker gene is tetracycline-resistant or ampicillin-resistant gene, as long as tetracycline or ampicillin medium is used).

The second step is to screen out the vector-target gene, pick the bacteria on the medium of the previous step, expand the culture, and then inoculate the medium of the target gene, so as to screen out the positive clones (the commonly used and relatively simple method in this step is the screening of the blue and white board). So even if there is a carrier-vector linker, it will be screened out in the second step.

The probability of vector self-connection is actually not small, because this is a macroscopic statistical problem, and the general vector is much larger than the target gene, and the landlord should understand it when you think about it. Therefore, in the experiment, the cut is generally treated with two different endonucleases, which limits the order and direction of the ligation, and reduces the useless ligation products.

That's the selection of the medium, and the carrier carrier is gone.

It's able to grow, but the probability of vector self-connection is much smaller, and the long bacteria still need to be verified by PCR.