What are the main indicators of good water?

GB8978-1996 "Comprehensive Sewage Discharge Standard" in the first-level standard, specifying PH6-9, suspended solids (SS) not more than 70, chemical oxygen demand (COD) not more than 100, ammonia nitrogen not more than 15, sulfide not more than 1, volatile phenol not more than 1, aniline not more than 1 and other main indicators.

The indicators of water quality testing include but are not limited to the following categories:1Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD): Indicates how much organic matter is present in water, usually expressed as dissolved oxygen (or redox potential).

2.The amount of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) added depends on the type and degree of water quality and is usually expressed in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD).

3.Dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature: Dissolved oxygen (DO) indicates how much biodegradable organics are in the water, usually expressed in terms of dissolved oxygen (DO) or temperature.

Value: The pH value indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions in the water and can be measured with a pH meter.

5.Heavy metals: Heavy metals refer to metals that may cause harm to human health, including mercury, lead, chromium, nickel, etc. Heavy metals are usually measured by atomic absorption spectrometry or atomic emission spectrometry.

6.Other indicators: In addition to the above indicators, there are some other indicators, such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, phosphorus, etc., which can be detected with these instruments.

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1. Total solids: the total amount of solid matter remaining after evaporation and drying of water samples at a temperature of 103 105, also known as evaporation residues.

2. Suspended solids and dissolved solids: After the water sample is filtered, the residual solids after distillation of the filter sample retentate are called suspended solids. The amount of residual solids after the filtrate has been evaporated is called dissolved solids.

3. Volatile solids and immobilized solids. At a certain temperature (600 °C), the mass lost by the burning of the solid after evaporation and drying in the water sample is called the volatile solid: the mass of the residual material after burning is called the stationary solid.

4. PH value. In general, the pH value of natural water bodies is: Its determination can be determined by dipstick method, colorimetric method, and potentiometric method. Although the test strip method is simple, the error is large; The colorimetric method is carried out with different chromogenic agents, which is inconvenient; The potentiometric method uses a general acidity meter.

5. Hardness. The total hardness of water refers to the total concentration of calcium and magnesium ions in the water. These include carbonate hardness (that is, calcium and magnesium ions that can be precipitated in the form of carbonate by heating, so they are also called temporary hardness and non-carbonate hardness (that is, the part of calcium and magnesium ions that cannot be precipitated after heating, also known as permanent hardness).

The sum of carbonate hardness and non-carbonate hardness is called total hardness; The amount of calcium ions in water is called calcium hardness; The amount of magnesium ions in water is called magnesium hardness; When the total hardness of water is less than the total alkalinity, the difference between the two is called negative hardness.

6. Alkalinity. Alkalinity refers to all substances in water that can neutralize and react with strong acids, that is, the ability of water to accept protons, including various strong bases, weak bases, strong bases, weak salts, organic bases, etc.

Environmental water quality testing includes surface water, groundwater, drinking water, landscape water, reclaimed water, wastewater, sewage, etc.

Water testing mainly includes the following items:

Chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, anionic surfactants, total number of bacteria, coliform bacteria, etc.

Water Testing Methods and Standards:

Chemical Oxygen Demand: Standard Test Methods: GB 11914-89;;

Biochemical Oxygen Demand: Internal Standard Standard: HJ 505-2009;;

Suspended solids: detection method standard: GB T 11901-89;

Ammonia nitrogen: detection method standard: HJ 537-2009;;

Total phosphorus: Detection method standard: GB 711893-89;;

Total Nitrogen: Detection Method Standard: HJ 636-2012;;

Anionic surfactant: Detection method standard: GB 7494-87;

COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand. English name of Token: Chemical Oxygen Demand.

COD refers to the chemical method of measuring the amount of reducing substances in a water sample that needs to be oxidized. The oxygen equivalent of substances (usually organics) that can be oxidized by strong oxidants in wastewater, wastewater treatment plant effluent, and contaminated water. It is an important and rapidly determined organic pollution parameter in the study of river pollution and the properties of industrial wastewater, as well as in the operation and management of wastewater treatment plants.

BOD: Biochemical Oxygen Demand. English name of Token: Biochemical Oxygen Demand.

BOD refers to biochemical oxygen demand or biochemical oxygen consumption (generally refers to five-day biochemical oxygen demand), which is a comprehensive index of the content of aerobic pollutants such as organic matter in water. The total amount of dissolved oxygen in the water is used to make organic matter inorganic or gasified due to the oxidative decomposition of organic matter in water due to the biochemical action of microorganisms.

ss: suspended solids. English name of Token: suspended solids.

SS refers to solid matter suspended in water, including inorganic matter, organic matter, sediment, clay, microorganisms, etc., which are insoluble in water. The suspended solids content in water is one of the indicators to measure the degree of water pollution.

tn: total nitrogen. Full name of Token: Total Nitrogen.

TN refers to the total amount of inorganic and organic nitrogen in various forms in water. This includes inorganic nitrogen such as NO3-, NO2- and NH4+ and organic nitrogen such as proteins, amino acids, and organic amines, calculated in milligrams of nitrogen per liter of water. It is often used to indicate the degree to which a body of water is contaminated with nutrients.

TP: total phosphorus amount. Full name of Token: total phosphorus.

TP refers to the results of the conversion of various forms of phosphorus into orthophosphate after digestion of a water sample, measured in milligrams of phosphorus per liter of water sample.

TDS: Total Dissolved Solids. Full name of Token: Total Dissloved Solids.

TDS, also known as total dissolved solids, is measured in milligram liters (mg L) and indicates how many milligrams of dissolved solids are dissolved in 1 liter of water. The higher the TDS value, the more dissolved matter the water contains. Total dissolved solids is the total amount of all solutes in water, including both inorganic and organic matter.

Water quality refers to the comprehensive characteristics of water and impurities in the water, and the parameters that evaluate the quality of water and the degree of pollution are called water quality indicators.

dao.Water quality objectives can generally be divided into three categories: physical, chemical and biological. Common WQOs include:

Examples of index types: physical properties, temperature, color, turbidity, conductivity, solid content, inorganic chemical indicators, pH value, hardness, organic chemistry indicators, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved oxygen (DO), bacterial contamination indicators, total number of bacteria, E. coli toxicology indicators, fluoride, cyanide, arsenic, mercury, chromium, nitrate, radioactivity, etc.

Water quality, short for water quality. It marks the physical (e.g., color, turbidity, odor, etc.), chemical (inorganic and organic content) and biological (bacteria, microorganisms, plankton, benthic organisms) properties and composition of the water body.

Water quality is the evaluation of water bodies.

The state of quality, which specifies a series of water quality parameters and water quality standards. Such as water quality standards for domestic drinking water, industrial water and fishery water.

The evaluation indexes of natural water are generally color, smell, taste, transparency, water temperature, salinity, total hardness, oxidation-reduction potential, pH value, biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand. The quality of atmospheric precipitation in natural water is related to local meteorological conditions and the chemical composition of atmospheric particulate matter leached by precipitation. Surface water quality is related to rocks, soils, and vegetation in runoff flows; Groundwater quality is mainly related to the chemical composition of the aquifer rocks and the geological conditions of the recharge zone.

Water is the source of life, and 70% of the body is made up of water. A person can go seven days without food, but not three days without water. This shows how important water is to people. Therefore, the safety of drinking water is particularly important, and water quality testing is very important.

Common water quality testing items:

pH, CODCR, permanganate index, BOD5, ammonia nitrogen, arsenic, fluoride, volatile phenol, anionic surfactant, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, fecal coliforms, lead, cadmium, mercury, zinc, copper, petroleum, sulfide, hexavalent chromium, cyanide, etc.; Groundwater can be pH, total hardness, total dissolved solids, permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, fluoride, chloride, sulfate, anionic surfactant, cyanide, volatile phenol, hexavalent chromium, copper, lead, zinc, iron, manganese, cadmium, total mercury, total arsenic, selenium, total coliform bacteria, total bacterial count and salinity, etc.

The water quality index indicates the type and quantity of impurities in the water, and it is a specific measure to judge the degree of water pollution. At the same time, according to the specific impurities or pollutants present in the water, the corresponding minimum quantity or minimum concentration limits and requirements are proposed.

There are two types of criteria for specifying the state of water quality: individual indicators and composite indicators. The former uses individual elements that characterize the physical, chemical and biological properties of water to indicate the water quality status, such as the content of metallic elements, dissolved oxygen, total number of bacteria, etc.; The latter is used to indicate the water quality status under the action of various factors, such as biochemical oxygen demand to characterize the pollution status of biodegradable organic matter in water, total hardness is used to indicate the degree of inorganic salts such as calcium and magnesium in water, and biological index is used to indicate water quality by biological community structure.

The quality of the water is good. Groundwater only needs to be disinfected, and surface water can be used for drinking after simple purification (such as filtration) and disinfection.

Water-like: Mainly suitable for centralized drinking water, first-class protection areas of surface water sources, habitats of rare aquatic organisms, spawning grounds for fish and shrimp, feeding grounds for juvenile fish, etc.;

Class Water The water quality is slightly polluted. After conventional purification treatment (such as flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection, etc.), the water quality can be used for domestic drinking.

Water-like: Mainly suitable for centralized drinking water, surface water source secondary protection zone, fish and shrimp wintering, return channel, aquaculture area and other fishery waters and swimming areas;

Quasi-water quality: It is suitable for secondary protection areas of centralized drinking water sources, general fish protection areas and swimming areas.

Water-like: Mainly suitable for general industrial water areas and recreational water areas that are not in direct contact with the human body;

The water quality is suitable for general industrial protection areas and recreational water areas that are not in direct contact with the human body.

Water-like: Mainly suitable for agricultural water use areas and general landscape requirements of water.

Quasi-water quality: suitable for agricultural water use areas and general landscape requirements of water. Water bodies that exceed the five types of water quality standards are basically no longer functional.

1. Water environmental quality standards: "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards", "Groundwater Environmental Quality Standards", "Seawater Quality Standards", "Surface Water Resources Quality Standards".

2. Water source water quality: "Water Quality Standard for Drinking Water Sources", "Hygienic Standards for chlorothalonil in Source Water", "Hygienic Standards for Beryllium in Drinking Water Sources", "Hygienic Standards for Hydrazine in Water Sources".

3. Drinking water quality: "Sanitary Standards for Drinking Water", "Water Quality Standards for Urban Water Supply", "Hygienic Standards for Drinking Water", "Water Quality Standards for Drinking Water", "Drinking Natural Mineral Water", "Bottled Drinking Pure Water".

4. Industrial and agricultural water: "Farmland Irrigation Water Quality Standards", "Fishery Water Quality Standards", "Laboratory Water Specifications", "Industrial Boiler Water Quality".

Five times of water use, "urban miscellaneous water quality" and "landscape environment water quality".

There are more water quality indicators, more than a hundred, depending on what you want to do? If you don't believe me, I can casually tell you n more than one:

pH, Color, Suspended Solids, Total Solids, Total Hardness, Chlorine, Carbonate, Sulfate, SS, Ammonia Nitrogen, Iron Ions, Manganese Ions, Chromium Ions, COD, BOD, Dissolved Oxygen ......

Chemical oxygen demand (COD).

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5).

Suspended solids (SS).

Animal and vegetable oils. Petroleum.

Anionic surfactants.

Total nitrogen (in n).

Ammonia nitrogen (as n).