The process of antibody production

1. Undergo phagocytosis by phagocytic cells, exposing antigens.

2. T cells present antigens to B cells after they are found.

3. B cells differentiate into effector B cells.

4. Effector B cells produce antibodies.

Now speaking of organelles:

1 ribosome, synthesis of polypeptides or protein sequences. A shape is a small dot or circle on a diagram.

2 endoplasmic reticulum (there are two kinds of endoplasmic reticulum, here it is said that there are ribosomes attached) mesh, there should be an explanation in the book, anyway, he is the one who has a grid.

3 Golgi apparatus, the one you see like a hamburger, or a sign of a wireless network, or a few sausages arranged from large to small, is him.

4. The antibody cell vomited out.

The above are protein antibodies, if it is RNA, it is different, but you don't need to master it in high school).

Not for anything else. On the top floor!

The Golgi apparatus, you see a sign like a hamburger, or a wireless network, or a few sausages arranged from large to small, is him", the Golgi apparatus is like a hamburger, like a wireless network, like a cell phone signal sign? Haha

Organelles undergo it.

Same with protein.

Ribosome. Endoplasmic reticulum.

Golgi apparatus. Mitochondria provide energy.

Phagocytic cells engulf, exposing specific antigens.

T cells present lymphokines to B cells.

B cells differentiate into plasma cells.

and memory cells.

Plasma cells produce antibodies.

Because memory cells differentiate into plasma cells, although the reaction time is shorter than that of B cells, it also takes a certain amount of time from differentiation to secretion of antibodies.

When the original antibody is reduced or the activity is weakened, by the time the new antibody is formed, the influenza virus may have multiplied to the point of onset.

The answer should be d.

It seems that the teacher's answer is D.

Studies have shown that once the body develops antibodies to the flu (strain-specific, of course), it will have them for life. Survivors of the 1918 world flu outbreak who are still alive still have antibodies against the 1918 flu strain. And it's also protective.

Vaccines act like infections.

Therefore, it is debatable to insist that antibodies remain in the body for a short period of time. It's better to say that the level is low, not short.

Like you said, there are memory B cells.

Because the relevant immune cells are activated, new antibodies are constantly synthesized and secreted, so the antibody concentration increases.

Are antibodies producing effector T cells? I don't really remember.