Determine whether the electrolyte depends on the state of matter?

See, an electrolyte is defined as a compound that ionizes in an aqueous solution or in a molten state. There are four words in this sentence:

Aqueous solution, molten state, these two are state conditions; The ability to ionize is the judgment condition (e.g., a strong electrolyte is completely ionized); Compounds, are the basic conditions (material conditions).

Definition: A substance that is inherently ionically conductive or capable of exhibiting ionic conductivity under certain conditions (e.g., melting at high temperatures or dissolving in solvents to form a solution).

Electrolytes are chemical compounds that are dissolved in aqueous solution or in the molten state to conduct electricity (electrolyze into cations and anions) and produce chemical changes. In addition, there is a solid electrolyte (conductivity** to the migration of ions in the crystal lattice). Ionic compounds can conduct electricity in aqueous solution or in the molten state; Some covalent compounds can also conduct electricity in aqueous solutions.

It should not depend on their state、Compounds that can conduct electricity in aqueous solution or in the molten state are called electrolytes

As long as it is determined whether the substance conducts electricity in an aqueous solution or in a molten state, it can be further determined whether it is an electrolyte

Is the electrolyte a property of the substance itself, and it does not have to be melted to be the electrolyte.

For example: metal oxides such as Na2O, MGO, CaO, Al2O3, etc. are ionic compounds that are capable of conducting electricity in the molten state, so they are electrolytes.

Electrolytes are compounds that are capable of conducting electricity in an aqueous solution or in a molten state, such as acids, bases, and salts. Compounds that cannot conduct electricity under the above circumstances are called non-electrolytes, such as sucrose, alcohol, etc.

To determine whether a compound is an electrolyte, it is not only based on whether it conducts electricity in aqueous solution, but also needs to further investigate its crystal structure and the properties of chemical bonds. For example, to determine whether barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, and iron hydroxide are electrolytes. Barium sulfate is poorly soluble in water (20

The solubility in water is.

g), the ion concentration in the solution is very small, and its aqueous solution is non-conductive and appears to be a non-electrolyte. However, the small fraction of barium sulfate dissolved in water is almost completely ionized (20

The degree of ionization of barium sulfate saturated solution is. Thus, barium sulfate is an electrolyte. Calcium carbonate and barium sulfate have a similar situation and are also electrolytes.

From a structural point of view, for other insoluble salts, as long as they are ionic compounds or strong polar covalent compounds, although they are insoluble, they are also electrolytes.

The case of iron hydroxide is more complicated, with the chemical bond between Fe3+ and OH- being covalent and less soluble than barium sulfate (20).

The solubility in water is.

g)；A small part of the part that falls on water may form colloids, and the rest can also be ionized into ions. But iron hydroxide is also an electrolyte.

Rainwater conducts electricity, so there are some electrolytes, but very little.

To determine whether the oxide is an electrolyte, a specific analysis should also be made. Non-metallic oxides such as SO2, SO3, P2O5, CO2, etc., which are covalent compounds that do not conduct electricity in liquid state, are not electrolytes. Some oxides are not electrolytes even if they conduct electricity in aqueous solutions.

Because these oxides react with water to form new substances that can conduct electricity, what conducts electricity in the solution is not the original oxide, such as SO2 itself cannot be ionized, but it reacts with water to form sulfurous acid, which is the electrolyte. Metal oxides such as Na2O, MGO, CaO, Al2O3, etc., are ionic compounds that are capable of conducting electricity in the molten state and are therefore electrolytes.

It can be seen that electrolytes include ionic or strongly polar covalent compounds; Non-electrolytes include weakly polar or non-polar covalent compounds. The aqueous solution of electrolytes conducts electricity because the electrolyte can be dissociated into ions. As for whether a substance can be ionized in water, it is determined by its structure.

Therefore, the identification of electrolytes from non-electrolytes by the structure of matter is the essence of the problem.

In addition, some substances that can conduct electricity, such as copper and aluminum, are not electrolytes. Because they are not electrically conductive compounds, they are elemental and do not meet the definition of electrolyte.