How much responsibility did Li Hongzhang bear for the defeat of the First Sino Japanese War?

Li Hongzhang vs. Sino-Japanese War.

He bears a lot of responsibility for the defeat, because one of the key wars in the First Sino-Japanese War was the strategic deployment formulated by Li Hongzhang, which led to the defeat of the war.

Personally, I think Li Hongzhang was very responsible for the defeat of the First Sino-Japanese War, because the failure of the war was mainly due to his feudal mentality, and he did not have a very advanced strategy, so it would lead to the defeat of that war.

I don't think Li Hongzhang can say much about the responsibility for the defeat of the First Sino-Japanese War, after all, he is just an executor, and the final decision is still up to his superiors, so Li Hongzhang can't be blamed for everything.

Li Hongzhang's responsibility for the First Sino-Japanese War was actually not great, he opened some factories for the sake of China's strength, he was for the rise of China, and the failure of the First Sino-Japanese War was actually because China's overall strength was weak.

Personally, I think Li Hongzhang was very responsible for the defeat of the domestic war, because the defeat was mainly due to his feudal superstitious ideas that could not keep pace with the times, which hindered people's actions, so it led to the defeat of the First Sino-Japanese War.

At that time, there was a gap between the level of combat effectiveness at home and abroad, and Li Hongzhang's responsibility as the person in charge of the war was there, but it could not be generalized.

Li Hongzhang had to pay a certain amount of responsibility for the defeat of the First Sino-Japanese War, but not all the responsibility could be attributed to Li Hongzhang, and he still made a lot of sacrifices and dedication in the First Sino-Japanese War.

I don't think the defeat of the First Sino-Japanese War can be said to be much of Li Hongzhang's fault. His failure was caused by many reasons, so Li Hongzhang was just a fuse and did not bear any responsibility, this is the development of history, and we cannot judge anything.

Li Hongzhang was primarily responsible for the defeat. But he was expelled from the Tartars to preserve his strength, and it was understandable.

Regarding the reasons for China's defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War, what is Li Hongzhang's understanding in the materials?

Li Hongzhang believes that the reasons for the failure of the First Sino-Japanese War 1China's financial resources are insufficient to meet the needs of the Navy as much as possible; 2. The navy is backward in preparation, not enough to fight against foreign powers, and can only maintain defense. However, the actual reason for China's disastrous defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War was the backwardness of China's feudal system, and there were many examples of defeating the strong with the weak.

<> "In the First Sino-Japanese War, Li Hongzhang was the enemy of one country?"

During the First Sino-Japanese War, there were indeed some governors who had this serious phenomenon of local protectionism, and they often gave back and shirked the transfer of troops to participate in the war. For example, after the Battle of the Yellow Sea, when the Qing Dynasty hoped to transfer the Nanyang Naval Division to the north, Zhang Zhidong, the governor of Liangjiang, the acting administrator, excused himself on the grounds that the warships were unmanned. When the Japanese army besieged Weihai, Li Bingheng, the governor of Shandong, refused to send reinforcements on the grounds of preventing the Japanese army from invading other parts of Shandong.

This is not surprising. After the outbreak of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, because the original Eight Banners and Green Battalion had been eroded, the Qing ** was unable to confront the Taiping Army, so they had to delegate power to local governors and ordered them to form their own regiments to train and fight against the Taiping Army.

Because this kind of army is not formed by the imperial court, the phenomenon of "soldiers are generals" is very serious, and they often only obey the orders of local governors or organizers, and have a great degree of independence. It is not so easy to mobilize these troops.

As for the governors, since they are only local leaders, they must give priority to local interests during the war, rather than looking at the problem from a holistic perspective. Naturally, there will be some prevarication on the issue of sending troops. This was reflected in the previous Sino-French wars.

In fact, a similar situation exists within Beiyang. For example, when Li Hongzhang sent Song Qing's troops stationed in Lushun to the front, Song Qing agreed to send troops on the condition that he was allowed to expand the army. and Li Hongzhang originally wanted to transfer the Sui and Gong armies of Beiyang stationed in Weihai to participate in the war, but was rejected by the commander Dai Zongqian.

Therefore, in the late Qing Dynasty, the malaise of "soldiers for generals" did exist, and to a certain extent, it also affected the normal mobilization of the Qing army in the First Sino-Japanese War. However, the First Sino-Japanese War was not only the Beiyang armies under Li Hongzhang who participated in the war.

For example, among the four major armies of the Pyongyang Campaign, the Sheng Army and the Yi Army were originally under Li Hongzhang, and the Zuo Guigui Feng Army, Fengsheng A's Fengtian Training Army, Shengzi Battalion, and Jilin Training Army were the troops in the Northeast, not Beiyang. When the flames of war reached Liaodong and Shandong, the local troops in both places also participated in the war to varying degrees. In the later stage of the war, the Qing Dynasty also sent a large number of Hunan troops to fight north.

As for the sea, although the Nanyang Naval Division did not go north, the three cruisers of the Guangdong Naval Division, "Guangjia", "Guangyi", and "Guangc", were still participating in the battle. Considering that in addition to these three cruisers, the Guangdong Navy Division only had some small gunboats, and it can be said that the main force of the Guangdong Navy Division was exhausted.

Therefore, it is safe to say that whether or not the other governors are willing to participate in the war, after all, this is a war between China and Japan, and they cannot completely stay out of it. Li Hongzhang is not alone.

Li Hongzhang could not escape the blame for the defeat of the First Sino-Japanese War, but it would be unfair to blame one person for the failure of any war.