It is an accurate description of the characteristics of foreign exchanges in the early Qing Dynasty

The choice was wrong, the Qing Dynasty imposed a sea ban, and almost abandoned Taiwan for this. During the Qianlong period, the West had already asked for trade, but Qianlong refused to use China as a superior country. It was not forced to open until after the Opium War.

C is not true. The Qing Dynasty emphasized agriculture and suppressed commerce. In the later period, because of indemnities and other matters, Jin merchants rose.

D is not true. The policy of the early Qing Dynasty was very simple. It's not like the later period because of external aggression, which seems to be so entangled in policy.

a.Closed the country (because of the closed country in the early stage, the door of the Qing Dynasty was forced to open in the later period).

Needless to say, everyone in the world knows that only those who are stupid when watching pigtail dramas will choose the last 3, why? A minority of hundreds of thousands, how can he rule hundreds of millions of Han people, how can he suppress the Han people with peace of mind if he does not close the country, the Manchu and Han families, at that time, there were several Han ** in the government, they didn't dare, the children of the emperor or the prince, rather than marry with Mongolia than with the Han people, Qin Shi Huang burned books, killed more than 300 literati and was scolded by later generations, but I didn't know that Kangxi killed tens of thousands of scholars but was taken aside, killing readers and burning books, just to deter the Han people, To prevent scholars from scribbling, the Qing Dynasty was a very clean slave society, and the Han people were an inferior nation.

In the early Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty pursued a foreign policy of closing the country to the outside world.

The policy of closing the country to the outside world is a kind of national policy of not having contact with the outside world, and it is a typical isolationism. Strictly restrict foreign economic, cultural, and scientific exchanges.

In the early Qing Dynasty, a strict policy of banning the sea was implemented, strict restrictions were imposed on the outside world, the country was closed, and only the thirteen lines of Guangzhou were opened to the outside world. During the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty, it was economically self-sufficient, did not rely on it, and at the same time resisted foreign goods.

Proceeding from national defense and security, the main purpose is to prevent the alliance of Chinese and foreign anti-Qing forces and the infiltration of Western colonial forces, so as to prevent spies from stealing their own materials. Moreover, the Qing Dynasty was too blind and arrogant about its own economic and political power.

The Qin Dynasty built the Great Wall of Qin to resist the invasion of the Huns, and built a major spiritual canal in the southern region to control the Yue people. It is a foreign policy of defense.

Zhang Qian of the Han Dynasty. Missions to the Western Regions and the Silk Road.

The establishment of friendly and cooperative exchanges with the Western Regions is an open foreign policy.

The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal of the Sui Dynasty.

Communication between the north and the south is conducive to reunification. It belongs to the open policy.

In the Tang Dynasty, Xuanzang repented and covered the heavens, learned from the scriptures, and learned the truth and traveled east to Japan. An open and inclusive foreign policy.

The Yuan Dynasty was founded by a small number of ethnic groups, and the ethnic groups were integrated, and they belonged to the open and inclusive policy of Bimin Prefecture.

The Ming Dynasty repaired the Great Wall and repaired the temple, and the Ming Dynasty adopted a policy of passive defense. In the early days of the Qing Dynasty, Huairou pursued a policy toward a minority of ethnic minorities, but later it was a policy of banning the sea and closing itself off from the country.

1) Isolation and self-containment were the basic characteristics of the Qing Dynasty's foreign policy.

2) Retreat Policy:

The policy of restricting and prohibiting foreign traffic is a product of the feudal natural economy. Restricting overseas merchants to the Guangzhou area, stipulating that all business of foreign merchants must be carried out through the hands of a small number of licensed "merchants", and restricting the types and quantities of exported commodities. Although the closed-door policy played a positive role in resisting the pirate-like plundering and invading of the southeast coast by Western capitalism in the early days, the closed-door policy seriously hindered the germination and development of Chinese capitalists, hindered Chinese from learning the world's advanced ideology, culture, and science and technology, and made China's science and technology and social civilization far behind the West.

1.Exchanges between the Qing Dynasty and the Asian country of Baijia.

2.The struggle against the aggression of Tsarist Russia.

1) Jacques. Battle of Zhisa.

2) Nebu Dao Chu Te Specialty.

3.The cultural exchange between the middle and European countries in the early Qing Dynasty.

The Qing Dynasty pursued a policy of seclusion and seclusion, the effects of which were as follows.

Positive impact: rampant maritime smuggling and piracy have been combated and restricted to a certain extent.

It has played a positive role in the stability of the coastal areas.

It played a certain role in self-defense against the aggressive activities of Western colonialists.

Negative impact: The long-term implementation of this policy.

It hinders Sino-foreign ties.

It has influenced China's absorption of advanced culture and science and technology.

As a result, China was isolated from the rest of the world and seriously hindered the budding development of capitalism.

It has derailed China from the world and slowly fallen behind the world.

Culturally, economically, and scientifically, it is impossible to integrate with the world, and it is difficult to develop various advanced technological ideas, and the phenomenon of imperial twilight is presented as a whole.

It is one of the important reasons for the backwardness and beating of modern China.

Reduce contact with the outside world.

hinder the country's economic development and completely lose the initiative in foreign countries.

Blocking scientific, technological, and cultural exchanges with foreign countries, and even hindering the development of productive forces and social progress.

causing international conflicts.

Influence the development of social science and technology.

It restricts the development of foreign affairs and navigation.

People began to learn from the West in China, at the beginning Lin Zexu's master Yi long skills to control the country, and then Li Hongzhang, Zeng Guofan's Westernization Movement, and then there was the Restoration and Constitutional Monarchy... Until the Xinhai Revolution.

It cut off China from the rest of the world, caused China's backwardness, and laid a hidden danger for China's passive beating in the 19th century.

Exchanges between the Qing Dynasty and Asian countries.

The struggle against the aggression of Tsarist Russia.

1) Battle of Yaksa.

2) Treaty of Nebuchu.

3.Cultural exchanges with Europe in the early Qing Dynasty.

In the later period of the Qing Dynasty, in foreign relations, it implemented a policy of closing the country to the outside world.

Main contents: The purpose of the retreat is mainly to isolate the people of the mainland from the communication of the Zheng anti-Qing forces in Taiwan, and to prevent the people from gathering at sea; In the future, it will focus on the prevention and prohibition of "intermingling with the people", and strictly restrict foreign businessmen in the form of regulations and legislation.

In the early years of Shunzhi, the Qing court followed the rules of the Ming Dynasty for foreign merchant ships that came to China, and was not allowed to enter Guangzhou, and was only allowed to trade in Macao. Subsequently, due to the existence of Zheng Chenggong's anti-Qing forces in the southeast sea, the Qing court became more and more forbidden to go to sea. In June of the twelfth year of Shunzhi (1655), Tuntai, the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, requested that the coastal provinces strictly prohibit it, "no sails are allowed to enter the sea", and violators were erected and re-enacted.

The "ban on the sea" and the "relocation of the sea" have displaced the coastal residents and left them with no way to earn a living, and have seriously affected the economic development of the coastal areas, resulting in desolation within 30 to 50 miles of the coast.

After the Opium War, the Qing Dynasty's policy of closing the country to the outside world also went bankrupt, and China's door was passively opened. The Qing ** expressed weakness in foreign aggression and sacrificed sovereignty in exchange for an armistice with a treaty that humiliated the country. After the signing of the "Xinchou Treaty", the Qing Dynasty was completely reduced to the "court of foreigners".

It's just a personal opinion, don't use it as an answer to the question, otherwise it will be crossed.

Foreign policy at the end of the Qing Dynasty was chaotic, probably because China did not have equal diplomacy before.

During the visit of the British minister to China during the Qianlong period - arrogance.

By the time of the Opium Wars, the main battle was the main peace - swing, fear.

and then to the anti-foreign-xenophobia during the Gengzi Fist Rebellion (this may involve the issue of imperial power) to the desire to maintain the suzerainty of Korea during the First Sino-Japanese Period-shame.

To study Japan during the period of the Wuxu Reform - there is no hope.

A country's foreign policy is formulated entirely according to the personal will of those in power, and there is no consideration of national interests at all.

Zhang Qian of the Han Dynasty sent an envoy to the Western Regions, Princess Wencheng entered Tibet during the Tang Taizong period, Tang monks learned scriptures from the Tang Dynasty, and Zheng He of the Ming Dynasty went to the West.

Hello. From the Han Dynasty to the early Ming Dynasty, the implementation of opening to the outside world; From the middle and late Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, the policy of closing the country was implemented.