When was the Old Summer Palace built, and in what year was the Old Summer Palace built

The Old Summer Palace is located in Haidian District, a western suburb of Beijing, adjacent to the Summer Palace. It was founded in the 46th year of Kangxi (1707) and consists of three gardens: Yuanming, Changchun and Wanchun. There are more than 100 garden landscapes, with a construction area of more than 160,000 square meters, which is a large royal palace created and operated by the Qing Dynasty emperor for more than 150 years.

The Qing Dynasty poured the material resources of the whole country, gathered countless fine craftsmen, filled the lakes and mountains, planted strange flowers and trees, collected 40 scenic spots at home and abroad, built 145 large buildings, and collected countless art treasures and books and cultural relics. Among these buildings, in addition to the Chinese-style courtyard, there are also Western-style buildings such as Haiyan Hall and Yuanying Temple in Changchun Garden, which is known as the "Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens". In 1860, British and French forces invaded Beijing and burned down the Old Summer Palace.

In 1900, the Eight-Nation Coalition invaded Beijing, burned and plundered, and the Empress Dowager Cixi fled to Xi'an with Emperor Guangxu. Subsequently, the relics of the Old Summer Palace were seized by bureaucrats, warlords, and profiteers for a long time, and even destroyed in an organized manner by the authorities. The magnates of Beiyang**, including some of those who are responsible for the protection of the ruins of the Old Summer Palace, all rely on their power and have taken away stone carvings and Taihu stones from the Old Summer Palace to repair their garden houses.

The invaders not only robbed the precious historical artifact, but also ruthlessly reduced it to ashes. The Old Summer Palace covers an area of 350 hectares (more than 5,200 acres), of which the water surface area is about 140 hectares (2,100 acres), the land construction area of the Old Summer Palace is more than 10,000 square meters more than the Forbidden City, and the water area is equal to a Summer Palace, and the total area is equal to the Forbidden City!

It inherits China's excellent gardening tradition of more than 3,000 years, not only has the grace and luxury of the palace building, but also has the euphemism and variety of the garden garden in the south of the Yangtze River, and at the same time, it absorbs the European garden architecture form, integrates different styles of garden architecture, and makes people feel harmonious and perfect in the overall layout. It's really true:"Although it is made by people, it is like being opened by heaven"。

The Old Summer Palace is not only famous for its gardens, but it is also a royal museum with a rich collection. The great French writer Victor Hugo once said:"Even if all the treasures of all the museums in our country are taken together, they cannot be compared with this grand and magnificent Oriental Museum"。

The halls in the park are decorated with countless rosewood furniture, and there are many rare cultural relics at home and abroad. The Chinese Yuan Pavilion is one of the four major royal library buildings in China. There are precious books and cultural relics such as "Four Libraries of Books", "Collection of Ancient and Modern Books", and "Collection of Four Libraries" in various places in the park.

The Old Summer Palace was once famous for its grand regional scale, outstanding construction skills, exquisite architectural scenery, rich cultural collection and profound national cultural connotation, and was known as "the model of all gardening arts" and "the garden of ten thousand gardens".

1. The Old Summer Palace was basically completed in 1809. It has been famous for its grand regional scale, outstanding construction skills, exquisite architectural landscapes, rich cultural collections and profound national cultural connotations, and has been praised as "a model of all gardening arts" and "a model of ideals and art" by the French writer Victor Hugo.

2. The Old Summer Palace, also known as the Three Gardens of the Old Ming Dynasty, is a large royal garden of the Qing Dynasty, it is located in the northwest suburbs of Beijing, and is composed of the Old Summer Palace, the Changchun Garden and the Qichun Garden, so it is also called the Three Gardens of the Old Ming Palace. It covers an area of square kilometers, with a construction area of 200,000 square meters and more than 150 scenes, and is known as the "Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens". The Qing Emperor came here every midsummer to escape the summer, listen to the government, and deal with military and political affairs, so it was also called the "summer palace".

1. The Old Summer Palace is a large royal garden of the Qing Dynasty in China, located in Haidian District, Beijing, founded in 1707 (the 46th year of the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty), composed of the Old Summer Palace and its attached gardens, Changchun Garden and Qichun Garden (later renamed Wanchun Garden), also called the Three Gardens of the Old Ming Dynasty, known as the "Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens". The Qing Emperor came here every time he arrived in the middle of summer, listened to the government, so the Old Summer Palace is also called the "summer palace". During the Second Opium War in 1860, the Old Summer Palace was looted and burned down by the British and French forces.

2. The Old Summer Palace was founded in 1707 (Kangxi forty years of Jiansha missing six years), covers an area of square kilometers, with a construction area of 200,000 square meters, and has more than 150 scenes. Kangxi inscribed the plaque "Yuanmingyuan", and "Yuanming" is the Yongzheng law. After Yongzheng ascended the throne in 1722, he expanded the original garden, and added the Zhengda Guangming Hall and the Qinzheng Hall in the south of the garden, as well as many duty rooms of the cabinet, the six ministries and the military aircraft department, hoping to "avoid the noise and listen to the government" in summer.

During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, in addition to the partial addition and reconstruction of the Old Summer Palace, he also built a new Changchun Garden in the east and merged it into the Wanchun Garden in the southeast. So far, the pattern of the Old Summer Palace has been basically formed, and many repairs and expansions have been carried out in the Jiaqing and Daoguang years.

On October 6 of that year, the British and French forces burned the Old Summer Palace. Emperor Tongzhi wanted to repair it, but was forced to stop due to financial difficulties. After the Eight-Nation Alliance, the Old Summer Palace was destroyed by warlords and bandits, and finally fell into ruins.

4. Under the establishment and operation of the Qing Dynasty for more than 150 years, the Old Summer Palace has been famous for its grand regional scale, outstanding construction skills, exquisite architectural scenery, rich cultural collection and profound national cultural connotation, and is known as "the model of all gardening arts", and is praised as "the model of ideals and art" by the French writer Victor Hugo.

1. The construction time of the Old Summer Palace: it was built in 1709 (the 48th year of Kangxi), and was basically completed in 1809, which lasted a century, and the three generations of Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xianfeng have been repaired and expanded repeatedly, which lasted more than 150 years.

2. Historical background: The Old Summer Palace was built on the site of a private garden of the Ming Dynasty given by Emperor Kangxi to the fourth son of Yinzhen, after Yinzhen ascended the throne as Emperor Yongzheng, it was expanded into the palace where the emperor lived for a long time, and it was expanded again during the Qianlong period, and was completed in the ninth year of Qianlong (1744).

During the Qianlong Dynasty, it was the last prosperous period of China's feudal society, Qianlong gathered the skilled craftsmen of the whole country to expand and build the Old Summer Palace on an unprecedented scale, in addition to the partial addition, reconstruction and improvement of the famous "Forty Views of the Old Summer Palace", but also built Changchun and other gardens in the east.

To the 35th year of Qianlong (1770), the pattern of Yuanming, Changchun and Qichun three gardens was basically formed, the whole garden is 2620 meters wide from east to west, 1880 meters long from north to south, the total length of the surrounding periphery is about 11000 meters, covering an area of 350 hectares, of which the water surface is about 140 hectares.

The Old Summer Palace is not only famous for its gardens, but also a royal museum, it is a very rare cultural and artistic treasure house in the world at that time, and it shows the essence of China's ancient feudal culture, and at the same time collects a variety of extremely rich books, cultural relics and art treasures.

Floor space. The Old Summer Palace covers an area of more than 350 hectares, of which the water surface area is about 140 hectares, and the land construction area of the Old Summer Palace is 10,000 square meters more than that of the Forbidden City, and the water area is equal to a Summer Palace, and the total area is equal to the Forbidden City.

The Old Summer Palace is surrounded by 10 kilometers and is composed of the Old Summer Palace, Qichun Garden and Changchun Garden, and the Old Summer Palace is the largest, so it is collectively called the Old Summer Palace (also known as the Three Yuan Ming Palaces). In addition, there are many subordinate gardens, distributed in the east, west and south of the Old Summer Palace, including the Jingyi Garden of Xiangshan, the Jingming Garden of Yuquan Mountain, the Qingyi Garden (the later Summer Palace was built on this basis), etc., with a total area of more than 5,000 acres.