Classification of montage principles, what are the types of montage techniques?

1. Parallel montage

Parallel montage refers to the juxtaposition of two or more events at the same time and in different places. When editing, the shots of the two events are interspersed to complement each other and form contrasts, which is easy to produce a strong artistic effect and express the characteristics of spanning space.

2. Cross montage

Cross-montage refers to the intersecting and editing of two or more plot lines that take place in different places at the same time, and the events are interdependent and finally converge to create a thrilling dramatic effect. Unlike parallel montages, cross montages are often used to create rhythm and create a tense atmosphere; It is mostly used in plots such as thrills, horrors, and wars.

3. Upside down montage

Reversal montage is a kind of montage that disrupts the structure, which refers to showing the current state of the story or event first, and then introducing the beginning and end of the story, which is manifested as the recombination of the "past" and "present" in the concept of the event, resulting in the effect of flashback or interlude. Although the sequence of events is disrupted, the relationship between time and space is clear, and the narrative is still logical, often turning into flashbacks with the help of overprinting, scratching, voice-over, narration, etc.

4. Lyrical montage

Lyrical montage refers to the expression of thoughts and emotions that transcend the plot while ensuring the coherence of the narrative and description. The most commonly used lyrical montage is often followed by a narrative scene, appropriately cut into an empty shot that symbolizes emotional emotion. Empty shots are that is""Scenery shot" refers to the fact that there is no one in the picture, and it is an important means for the director to clarify the content of thoughts, narrate the plot of the story, and express feelings.

5. Psychological montage

Psychological montage refers to the direct and vivid representation of the character's psychological activities and mental state through the combination of shots, such as the character's dreams, memories, hallucinations, thoughts and imagination, etc., which is the performance of the character's psychological modeling, and is often used in the lens of reminiscence.

6. Metaphorical montage

Metaphor montage is also known as metaphorical montage, symbolic montage, and associative montage. It requires that there is a subtle analogy between the connected shots and scenes, and through the "similarities", "concrete points" and "allegorical points", the relevant characteristics between things are highlighted, and the audience is urged to comprehend the inner and deeper meanings.

MontageArtistic approachIt is divided into three categories: narrative montage, performance montage, and rational montage.

Narrative montages can be divided into parallel montages.

cross montage, repetition montage, and continuous montage; Expressive montage can be divided into lyrical montage, psychological montage, metaphorical montage, and contrast montage; Rational montage can be divided into juggling montage, reflex search montage, and thought montage.

Narrative montage by American film master Griffith.

The first to use it is the most commonly used narrative method in film and television. It is characterized by the fact that it takes the explanation of the plot and the display of events as the main purpose of the suspicion, and follows the time flow and causal relationship of the plot development.

to cut and combine shots, scenes, and paragraphs to guide the audience to understand the plot. This kind of montage is clearly coherent, logical, and easy to understand.

Performance montage is based on the column of shots, and through the connected shots to contrast and impact each other in form or content, so as to produce a rich meaning that a single shot itself does not have, in order to express a certain emotion or thought. Its purpose is to stimulate the audience's association and inspire the audience's thinking.

Rational montage is conveyed through the relationships between images, rather than through mere coherent narrative expressions. The difference between a rational montage and a coherent narrative is that even if its images belong to facts that have actually been experienced, the facts that are put together by this montage are always subjective visions.

MontageThe categories include narrative montage, contrast montage, performance montage, accumulation montage, reproduction montage, crossover montage, parallel montage, lyrical montage, and metaphorical montage.

1. Narrative montage is continuity montage. In order to express the continuous plot, a large number of continuous montages are used to show the coherent actions and coherent scenes of the characters;

2. Contrast montage with different picture images and different picture elements, through sharp opposition or strong contrast, so that each other's "colors" are more distinct.

3. Performance montage is also known as "juxtaposition montage". It is based on the juxtaposition of shots, with the aim of producing a direct and unambiguous effect through the impact of two picture factors.

4. Accumulation montage connects a series of shots with the same or similar properties together, which is called accumulation montage.

5. The reappearance of the shot of the same content in the reproduction montage is called the reproduction montage.

6. The parallel action of the cross montage or the rapid alternation of scenes is called cross montage. It is the development of parallel montage, in which two or more actions are performed horizontally, and must have strict simultaneity.

7. Parallel montage with two or more plot threads is expressed horizontally, that is, the structure of the staggered narration of events that occur in different places at the same time is called parallel montage.

8. Lyrical montage creates artistic conception through the combination and connection of pictures, so that the development of the plot is full of poetry.

9. Metaphorical montage juxtaposes different images through the connection of pictures, comparing A with B, using this as a metaphor for the other, suggesting a visual metaphor.

Montages have parallel montages, cross montages, inverted montages, continuous montages, and lyrical montages.

1. Parallel montage: This kind of montage is often expressed in the juxtaposition of two or more plot lines that occur in different time and space (or in different places at the same time), and is narrated separately and unified in a complete structure. Griffith and Hitchcock are both masters of using this kind of montage.

Parallel montage is widely used, first of all, because it is used to deal with the plot, the process can be cut to facilitate the summary and concentration, save space, expand the information of the film, and strengthen the rhythm of the film. Secondly, because this technique is a horizontal expression of several clues, complementing each other and forming a contrast, it is easy to produce a strong artistic effect.

2. Cross montage: Cross montage, also known as alternate montage, quickly and frequently alternates two or several plot lines that occur in different regions at the same time, and the development of one clue often affects the other clues, and the clues are interdependent and finally converge together. This kind of editing technique is very easy to cause suspense, create a tense and intense atmosphere, strengthen the sharpness of contradictions and conflicts, and is a powerful way to grasp the emotions of the audience.

3. Reverse montage: This is a way of montage that disrupts the structure, first showing the current state of the story or event, and then introducing the beginning and end of the story, which is manifested as a recombination of "past" and "present" in the concept of events. It often turns into flashbacks with the help of overprints, scratches, voice-overs, voiceovers, narration, etc.

The use of inverted montage disrupts the order of events, but the relationship between time and space still needs to be explained clearly, the narrative should still conform to the logical relationship, and the review and reasoning of events are structured in this way.

4. Continuous montage: This kind of montage does not develop with multiple clues like parallel montage or cross montage, but follows a single plot thread, according to the logical order of events, rhythmically and continuously narrated. This kind of narrative is natural and smooth, simple and smooth, but due to the lack of time, space and scene transformation, it is impossible to directly show the plots that occur at the same time, it is difficult to highlight the contradictory relationship between the plot lines, it is not conducive to generalization, and it is easy to have a sense of procrastination, lengthiness, and flat and direct narration.

Therefore, it is rarely used alone in a film, and is mostly mixed with parallel and cross montage hands, which complement each other.

5. Lyrical montage: Lyrical montage is a kind of expression that transcends the thoughts and emotions above the plot while ensuring the coherence of the narrative and description. Jean Mitri noted:

It is intended to be both a narrative and a rendering of sound and color, and it is more focused on the latter. Significant events are broken down into a series of close-ups or close-ups, capturing the essential meaning of things from different sides and angles, and rendering the characteristics of things. The most common lyrical montage, which is most easily felt by the audience, is often followed by a narrative scene, and appropriately cuts into the empty shot that symbolizes emotional emotion.

Parallel montage, performance montage, psychological montage, metaphorical montage, juggling montage, etc., among which last-minute rescue is the most classic parallel montage film.