What was the first written dynasty in history?

The oracle bone inscription seems to be the earliest written text with historical records, and the oracle bone inscription seems to have appeared in the Shang Dynasty.

In 1987, the Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics unearthed thousands of pottery, stone, bone, armor and other relics at the Jiahu site in Wuyang, Henan. According to carbon-14 dating, the cultural layer here is unusually simple, and it belongs to the well-preserved primitive social settlement sites dating back 8,000 years.

Dayu left the stone tablet of the Book of Heaven, which no one could understand for 4,000 years, and now it has finally been deciphered!

Speaking of Dayu, the most familiar story must be the story of "Dayu's water control". It is said that after he calmed down the floods, he erected a 77-character stone tablet of Tianshu on the peak of the mountain in Hengshan, Hunan Province, and for more than 4,000 years, countless literati and writers passed by here, but they were unable to decipher the words depicted on it. Now, after decades of painstaking research, a paleographic scholar named Ma Heshan has finally deciphered the content on this Tianshu stele, so what did Dayu write?

Now standing on the peak of the Yuwang tablet, the shape of each word on it is particularly like tadpole text, but according to some research by scholars now, this inscription of 77 words is neither an oracle bone inscription, nor some of the more ancient words, so it is very difficult to identify, that is, an archaeological master like Guo Moruo has studied for 3 years and only distinguishes the above 3 words.

In this regard, Ma Heshan, a well-known text research expert, with the spirit of perseverance, has been studying the 77 heavenly scripts of the Dayu stele for decades, and finally translated all 77 words on the Yuwang stele, the original text is as follows: "Cheng Emperor Tsukasa Ran, wing auxiliary guard." The disaster is striking, the frustration is going, and the three rivers are surging.

The north is laid over Hebei, and the bird is forgotten. Suyue Lu Ting, Chang Yi Yu prays, the water Lu Fu is long, and he seeks eternal stability. Huayue Taiheng.

Chongchu is a matter of affairs, and the rest of the labor is spiritual, and the manji is migrated. Nandu Yanchang. Clothing and food are prepared, all countries are peaceful, and there is no ripple in Xinjiang.

So, what exactly do these words mean? In fact, the text content of the Yuwang tablet is probably to the effect that Yu began to write from the order of Emperor Shun, in order to control the water, he has not returned to his hometown for decades, and even the relatives and birds in his hometown have forgotten.

And because of Dayu in the process of water control, which led to the great success of water control, since then the channels in the south are all unblocked, the people are also well-fed, since then hundreds of years, there has been no flooding.

But why is it that for thousands of years, only Ma Heshan has been able to decipher the text on it? In this regard, he explained: "What is recorded in the Yuwang Monument, and why has everyone been discouraged for thousands of years?

Maybe it is silently waiting for its own Bole to come to decipher, it should be said that only when he meets the right person at the right time, he can have a good heart with Dayu, and he can understand it at one point. ”

The Shang Dynasty, also known as Yin and Yin Shang, was the second dynasty in Chinese history and the first dynasty in China with direct written records.

A dynasty that can be accurately confirmed by archaeological dataShang Dynasty.

Masterpieces: Oracle and Bronze Cultures.

Oracle <>

Shang Dynasty Bronze Culture.

The earliest dynasty was the Xia Dynasty, which was founded by Dayu's son Qi, and there were written records from here.

The earliest written record in China is the Shang Dynasty, that is, the Yin Dynasty. Because, the earliest Chinese writing is the oracle bone inscription, and the oracle bone inscription was produced in the Shang Dynasty (Yin Dynasty). Before the Yin Dynasty, including the Xia Dynasty or something, they were all legends, and there was no exact written record.

The earliest written record is the Xia Dynasty, the oracle bone inscription used at that time. There may be even earlier histories waiting to be discovered.

1. Chinese characters have undergone more than 6,000 years of changes, and their evolution process is: oracle bone inscription (Shang) Jin Wen (Zhou) small seal (Qin) Lishu (Han) Kaishu (Wei and Jin) Xingshu, and the above seven fonts of "Jiajin Seal Licao Kaixing" are called "Chinese Character Seven Bodies".

1. Oracle bone inscription: The text written on tortoise shells and animal bones at all times in the Shang Dynasty is called "oracle bone inscription". Started from the Shang Dynasty.

2. Jin Wen: It is an inscription cast on bronze in the Shang and Zhou dynasties. Also known as Zhong Dingwen. Jin Wen has thick and wide strokes, and the dot painting is round, and Jin Wen is more standardized than oracle bone inscriptions.

3. Great Seal: In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, the shape of Jin Wen tended to be linear, and the strokes were relatively neat and symmetrical.

5. Lishu: The strokes of the seal script are round. The symbolism is clearly greatly strengthened. The small seal text is standardized, but it is inconvenient to write, and a simpler font is popular among the people, called Lishu.

6. Regular script: In the late Han Dynasty, official script evolved into regular script. There are no changes to the glyph knots, and it is easier to write.

7. Cursive: Cursive is characterized by joint strokes, simple knots, and unrestrained glyphs.

8. Xingshu: Xingshu is a font between regular script and cursive script, which is simpler than regular script and easier to identify than cursive script.

2. About Chinese characters.

1. Origin: The Chinese archaeological community has released a series of excavated materials related to the origin of writing earlier than the Yinxu oracle bone inscription. The Jiahu inscription has been physically determined by carbon 14 and is about 7762 years (128 years) old; There are also 7,000 years ago Shuangdun inscriptions, 6,000 years ago Banpo pottery symbols, more than 5,000 years ago Qingdun ruins inscriptions, Zhuangqiao tomb ruins text with words into sentences, Dawenkou pottery symbols, Yaoshun era Tao Temple ruins Zhu Wen, Xia Ruin water book.

The early bone inscriptions are rich writing systems, and the later ones belong to the initial maturity stage. These archaeological discoveries may be important clues to the origin of Chinese characters, or they may be different sources of the development of various scripts.

In the early 80s of the century, on the pottery excavated at the Dengfeng Xia cultural site in Henan, a more complete text was found. This is the earliest written language that has been confirmed by scholars to have an exact age in Japan so far.

3. Introduction: Chinese characters are one of the oldest scripts in the world, with a history of at least 4,000 years, and the earliest existing recognizable mature Chinese character system is the oracle bone script of the Shang Dynasty. In form, Chinese characters gradually change from graphics to strokes, pictograms to symbols, and complexity to simplicity. In the principle of word making, from the form, ideogram to shape and sound.

With very few exceptions, it is one syllable per character.

China has a long history, spanning more than 5,000 years. Each dynasty has its own imprint in history, and basically every dynasty also has its own written record. So what was the first dynasty in history to have a direct written record?

The Shang Dynasty was the second dynasty in the history of our country, and it was also the first dynasty in China to have written records of the same period. Shang Tang, the monarch of the Shang state, led his army to destroy the Xia Dynasty in the Battle of Mingtiao and established the Shang Dynasty in the name of "Shang". The Shang Dynasty was also called "Yin" or "Yin Shang" by later generations!

It is said that the Shang Dynasty went through a total of 17 generations, with a total of 31 kings, and lasted for more than 500 years.

Shang is a nation that likes to do business, and it is also a nation that is good at invention and creation. From them, the Chinese nation began to have a written language. Most of these texts are written on tortoise shells and animal bones.

The Shang Dynasty oracle bone inscription had a variety of word-making methods such as pictograms, epigrams, morphophonics, pretenses, and signifiers, and was already a mature script. In the unearthed oracle bones, a total of 4,672 characters were found, and 1,072 characters have been recognized by scholars. The oracle bone inscription is square because of the hard material of the inscription.

At the same time, the gold text is cast because it is cast, so the font is round.

The discovery of Yin Ruins confirms the existence of the Shang Dynasty in China. The Shang Dynasty was the heyday of slavery, and the nobility of the slave owners belonged to the rulers, forming a large bureaucracy and army. The records of oracle bone inscriptions and gold inscriptions are the earliest systematic writing symbols found in China.

During the Shang Dynasty, non-Central Plains civilizations also emerged in the Yangtze River Basin. The Shang were humble and caring for the masses, and played a very important role in winning over the people, consolidating their rule, and accumulating and exterminating the Xia people's armed forces. His actions not only won the support of his own people, but also made the people of the Xia Dynasty and other countries yearn for it.

Therefore, after that, there was a situation that the people wanted!

The Shang Dynasty reached a very high level of economic, cultural, technological and military achievements in the world at that time. The Shang Dynasty oracle bone inscriptions "have formed a complete decimal system", and the Shang Dynasty's Shulcshou Dialect system is more advanced and scientific than the ancient Babylonian and ancient Egyptian contemporaries. The excavation of the Shang oracle bone inscription proves that the development of the Shang Dynasty has gone through a long period of writing, and the number system of the Shang Dynasty is more advanced and scientific than the ancient Babylonian and ancient Egyptian contemporaries.

The economy of the Shang Dynasty was the first peak period of economic development after China entered the civilized society.

The earliest Chinese dynasty was the Xia Dynasty, founded by Yu in 2070 BC. The Xia Dynasty (c. 2050 BC – c. 1600 BC), the first dynasty recorded in Chinese history. According to historical records, the Xia Dynasty was the first country in Chinese history established by Yu's son Qi who abolished the traditional tribal "Chan Rang" system, killed Yi and became the king.

Xia Yu's inheritance replaced the previous Zen concession system, and the Zen concession system became the hereditary system of the throne. The Xia Dynasty had a total of 13 generations and 16 kings. The central area of the Xia Dynasty was in the western part of present-day Henan and the southern part of Shanxi.

The establishment of the Xia Dynasty, according to legend, Yao, Shun, Yu, the tribal alliance adopted the "Zen way" method to "select the virtuous and capable", and elected the co-owner of the world. When Yao was old, he gave the "king" position to the virtuous Shun, and when Shun was old, he gave the "king" position to Yu, but when Yu was old, he passed the "king" position to his son Qi. Since then, the Zen concession system has been replaced by the hereditary system.

Consolidation of the Xia Dynasty Soon after the establishment of the Xia Dynasty, Taikang lost the country and was seized by Yi. Yi Xin Hanxun was killed by him. For more than 40 years, the political situation has been turbulent.

Xiangzi Shaokang went through several hardships, and with the help of Youyu and other departments, he attacked and killed Hanxun and revived the Xia Dynasty. After that, after several generations of efforts, the Xia Dynasty became stronger and stronger, with the Central Plains as the center, the territory of the east to the sea, the west to the Xihe, the north to Yanshan, and the south to Changhuai.

The fall of the Xia Dynasty, Kongjia chaos, and the decline of the Xia Dynasty. At the end of the day, the ruling class was rotten, building palaces and yaotai, spoiling sisters, ignoring political affairs, not listening to advice, exceedingly endowed, and the people were dissatisfied. Shang Tang raised an army to attack, and Ji fled to Nanchao and died.

Xia Ziyu to Ji, the 14th and 17th kings, existed for nearly 500 years.

1. The first dynasty recorded in the Middle Trace Bird Kingdom was the Shang Dynasty.

2. The Shang Dynasty is the second dynasty in the history of Tuling China, from 1600 BC to 1046 BC, it has experienced three major stages. The first stage is "first business", the second stage is "early business", and the third stage is "late business". It is said that there are 31 kings in the 17th century, which lasted for 600 years, and most of the information about the Shang Dynasty came from the Zhou Dynasty behind it, the "Historical Records" of Sima Qian of the Han Dynasty, and the records of the Shang Dynasty's Jin Wen and Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

Among them, the records of oracle bone inscriptions and gold inscriptions are the earliest systematic writing symbols in China that have been discovered.

3. The Shang Dynasty was the first dynasty in China with direct written records of the same period, and the oracle bone script engraved on animal bones was the common script of the Shang Dynasty.

4. The records of oracle bone inscriptions and gold inscriptions are the earliest systematic writing symbols in China that have been discovered. During the Shang Dynasty, there were also developed non-Central Plains civilizations in parallel to the Yangtze River Basin.

5. With meticulous observation and amazing imagination, the merchant transformed what he saw, did and felt in daily life into characters, and engraved them on tortoise shells and animal bones, which contained the main methods of character creation for later generations.

The Shang Dynasty is the first dynasty in the history of our country to have the excavation of words, it is the archaeologists from the Xiaotun village in Anyang found a large number of oracle bone inscriptions, found that the Yin Shang era has been fully and widely used, and the Shang Dynasty oracle bone inscriptions have a variety of word-making methods such as pictograms, ideologies, shapes and sounds, pretenses, and signifiers, which are already very mature words.

Chinese characters are one of the important forms of cultural expression in our country, but they are not produced out of thin air, but have gone through many different dynasties, and finally evolved. Let's find out. Most of the information about the Shang Dynasty in China comes from the Zhou Dynasty and the "Historical Records" of Sima Qian of the Han Dynasty, as well as the records of the Shang Dynasty's Jin Wen and Anyang oracle bone inscriptions; Among them, the oracle bone inscription and the gold inscription are the earliest systematic written symbols in China that have been discovered.

The Shang Dynasty moved its capital many times in the past five or six hundred years, and most of the capitals were in Henan, except for the Yin ruins found in Anyang City, Henan, and the cultural relics of the Shang Dynasty were also found in other places; And it is the oracle bone inscriptions unearthed in Yinxu that almost completely confirm the lineage of the Shang kings recorded in Sima Qian's "Historical Records", and the excavation of Yinxu confirms the existence of the Shang Dynasty in China.

Yinxu is the first capital site in Chinese history that can be documented and confirmed by archaeology and oracle bone inscriptions. Cultural relics unearthed in non-Central Plains areas, which were generally regarded as barbarian lands in the past, such as the Sanxingdui culture centered on Chengdu and Guanghan, and the Tanheli site in Ningxiang, Hunan Province, also prove that there was also a developed civilization in the Yangtze River basin during the Shang period.

In the unearthed oracle bone inscriptions, a total of 4,672 characters were found, and scholars have known 1,072 characters, through the study of these oracle bone inscriptions, but also make the later generations understand the Shang Dynasty more detailed and reliable.

From the literature, it can also be known that the Shang Dynasty has established a relatively complete state organization, with various officials, a standing armed code system, criminal laws and regulations, etc., and the Shang Dynasty implemented a system of world officials.