What are the characteristics of Liangzhu cultural jade?

The jade material used in the jade of Liangzhu culture should be from the local area, which is a tremolite with an irregular mica-like structure containing a metal flash point - actinolite (the magnesium ion part of the tremolite is replaced by second-order iron, and the iron content is more than two percent actinolite), and you can intuitively see the structure and joints of strips, pieces, and pieces of disorder, horizontal, vertical and oblique, and the jade is mottled and impure. It is this kind of structure and joints that most of the jade artifacts of Liangzhu culture show red, ochre, brown, black, yellow, white and other colorful colors of erosion and carbonization, which are obviously different from jade materials in other places and jade artifacts of other periods, so it is easy to distinguish. Ordinary people will think that the jade of Liangzhu culture is relatively soft, but in fact, if the erosion is more serious, of course, if the jade is well preserved, it is almost invulnerable, and its hardness is about Mohs.

The proportion of jade is also larger, on the left and right, the feel is heavy, even if it degenerates into "chicken bone white" and "ivory yellow". The "ground sheet" of the "chicken bone white" jade can be seen in the mica-like structure of the newly opened Liangzhu Cultural Museum, displaying a huge piece of jade left over from that time, which can be touched and inspected, allowing you to experience it up close. This piece of jade material just covers the jade color of jade in this period, including blue, white, yellow, white, light green and dark green, gray and iron, green and ink, as well as ochre and orange after oxidation and carbonization.

Under the magnifying glass, it can be seen that the green, white, yellow, and white part of the jade is pure, with a mainly clumpy structure, and less metal flash points, which may be the best jade material. The green and cyan parts have the same structure as mentioned above, which is the main jade material of the Liangzhu culture. After the erosion of this jade material, the oxidation phenomenon will change due to the structural joints, and the color of the Qingou will be naturally distributed and expressed at will.

The jade made of green-white and yellow-white jade, which is basically in the state of "chicken bone white", "ivory yellow" and "pumpkin yellow", maintains the original color and texture of jade, which can be described as rare, no wonder some people think that this kind of jade is Xiuyan jade.

Most of the jade artifacts of Liangzhu culture lost their original translucent luster and turned pinkish-white, which was caused by erosion after being buried underground for a long time. The only batch of jade artifacts unearthed in the Fuquan Mountain cemetery that is less eroded, its color is yellow-green and yellow-brown, some jade objects have been identified as perforating stone - actinolite series nephrite, a few are leaf serpentine, and quartz, and the ** of jade should be taken locally. The ancestors of Liangzhu generally adopted the sand method in the technology of jade treatment, that is, using sand and water to dissolve the jade tool to cut the jade material through friction.

Observing the traces left by jade, the collar cutting method, which is characterized by the linear motion of a sheet-like hard object, and the wire cutting, which is characterized by the arc-shaped movement of a string-shaped hard object, were used in the hollowing of jade at that time. The fine Yin line patterns on jade are mainly carved directly by hand jade, and these thin Yin lines are often composed of several scratches. After the jade is carved, the surface must be polished smooth to achieve the effect of light and recognition.

The jade cutting technology of the Liangzhu culture represents the highest level of jade craftsmanship in the Neolithic Age.

The jade artifacts in the Taihu Lake area, from the Hemudu culture, the Majiabang culture, the Songze culture to the Liangzhu culture, have experienced a process of increasing the number of productions, from rough to increasingly delicate, from plain to complex, and the shape from small to large. The jade quality of Hemudu culture and Majiabin culture is relatively poor, the hardness is not high, all of them are plain and unpatterned small pieces, roots, pipes, beads and other ornaments, the production process is still very crude, generally still follow the traditional process of making stone tools in the Paleolithic Age, the surface grinding is rougher, the drilling is more inaccurate, and the deviation from the center shows the primitive signs. By the time of the Kanze culture, the ancestors had initially possessed the ability to identify jade villages, and the use of nephrite jade was a good proof, and the types of jade also increased.

In view of the fact that the Nonze culture had begun to use nephrite jade with high hardness to make artifacts, it is speculated that media such as quartz sand may have appeared at this time, and from the perspective of the degree of polishing and smoothness of the surface of the artifacts, there was already a high polishing technology at that time, and the drilling technology was also slightly improved.

Types of Liangzhu Culture Jade According to the shape of the vessel, the types of Liangzhu culture jade are divided into balls, bi, crowns, tridents, cylindrical wares, conical wares, hoes, semicircular ornaments, zodias, plaques, charms, crescent-shaped ornaments, animal-shaped ornaments, belt hooks, axiums, end ornaments and handle-shaped wares.

When jade was in the Hongshan culture and Liangzhu culture, it was found that he had a long history of application. Jadeite due to the beautiful color, low hardness, good processing performance, large production, medium-sized furniture seat jade code device liquid Xun which jade is often listed as the preferred variety. It is also widely used in the manufacture of various trinkets and handicrafts such as figures and animals.

Liangzhu culture is named after the excavation in Liangzhu Town, Yuhang, Zhejiang, and the jade artifacts unearthed in Changjiao mainly include Cong, Bi, Huang, Guan, pendant and other ornaments. There are four types of jade, including tall and large, short and coarse, thin and small.

The Liangzhu jade culture has "jade burial", the jade cong with animal face patterns, the production of large-scale jade cong and jade, especially the jade ritual vessels, is a significant feature of the Liangzhu culture.

There are jade workers who specialize in the craft of jade cutting, and jade cutting, like pottery, has become an independent production department.

Liangzhu jade is a representative of the southern jade culture of the Neolithic Age, representing a new peak of ancient Chinese jade culture and leading a new direction for the development of jade culture.

Let's take jade cong and three-pronged jade as representatives.

Encyclopedia: Liangzhu Cultural Museum.

Or take a look at the book written by Jiang Weidong, director of the Liangzhu Museum.

Answer]: The types of jade artifacts of Liangzhu culture are divided into balls, bi, crowns, tridents, columns, cones, hoes, semicircular ornaments, zodias, plaques, charms, crescent-shaped ornaments, animal-shaped ornaments, hooks, axes, end ornaments and handle-shaped ornaments. From the point of view of use, Bi, Cong, crown, trident, and town are ritual vessels, which are the sharp weapons used by human beings in prehistoric times to worship and worship the gods.

This chaotic early model indicates that some ancient jade artifacts in Chinese painting have begun to break away from real life, and have gradually been covered with a veil of mystery and stepped onto the altar.