How to quarantine and disinfect grape seedlings?

The rapid development of the grape industry requires a large number of seedlings and seeds. However, there are great loopholes and drawbacks in the transportation of seedlings and seeds, and some measures and rules cannot be implemented, resulting in the spread and aggravation of some pests and diseases. The disinfection of grape seeds and seedlings is an important measure and barrier to prevent the spread of pests and diseases.

The disinfection of grape seedlings can be done in any of the following ways. phosphine treatment, dichlorvos treatment, and methyl bromide fumigation treatment, mainly for insect pests; Integrated treatment is mainly aimed at insect pests and diseases, but it is also effective in inhibiting and controlling viral diseases. The treatment of phosphine uses 800-1000 times of 50% phosphine, soaks branches or seedlings for 15 minutes, takes them out to dry, and then transports.

Dichlorvos treatment uses 80% dichlorvos 600-800 times solution, soak branches or seedlings for 15 minutes, remove them and dry them before transportation. The methyl bromide fumigation treatment puts the seed strips and seedlings into a confined space. Under the condition of 20-30 degrees Celsius, the dosage per cubic meter is about 30 grams, fumigation for 3-5 hours, and the use of electric fans or other ventilation equipment to increase the gas flow during fumigation.

The dosage can be increased at low temperatures; Conversely, reduce the dose when the temperature is high. Seedlings and seeds are fumigated and transported to soak in warm water at 43-45 degrees Celsius for 2 hours, and then put them into a solution of copper sulfate and dichlorvos (1 kg of copper sulfate is added to 100 kg of water, and then 150 ml of 80% dichlorvos is added, mixed evenly), soaked for 15 minutes, removed and dried, and then transported or planted. Seedlings and seeds must be treated before transportation; Before planting, it is best to treat it again according to the treatment measures before transportation.

The quarantine of seedlings and the disinfection of seedlings are the most important measures and methods to prevent the spread of pests and diseases. According to historical records, phylloxera occurred in Yantai, China. Will phylloxera resurgence and spread harm?

Other pests and diseases can also be spread with seedlings, causing great trouble to grape production, such as grape leafhoppers, which were not available in some areas before, and then were introduced with the transfer of seedlings, and now have become very serious pests. The disinfection of grape seeds and seedlings can effectively prevent the spread of pests and diseases with seedlings.

The disinfection of grape seedlings (including seed strips and seedlings) is an important measure to prevent the traditional sowing of pests and diseases. Autumn and winter are important seasons for the sale and purchase of grape seedlings. Therefore, the disinfection of grape seedlings is an issue that grape planting enterprises and farmers must attach great importance to.

The methods of disinfection are introduced as follows:

1. Disinfection treatment methods for insect pests.

1. Use the agent to be in. Use 50% phosphine 800-1000 times solution, or use 80% dichlorvos 600-800 times solution, soak branches or seedlings for 15 minutes. Soak and let it dry, then pack it for shipping or plant it immediately.

2. Fumigation method is adopted. Fumigation with methyl bromide, put the seedlings in a closed room, fumigation at 20-30 degrees Celsius for 3-5 hours, the dosage of methyl bromide is about 30 grams of cubic meters, the dosage can be appropriately increased under the condition of low temperature, and the dosage can be appropriately reduced under the condition of high temperature. During fumigation, an electric fan can be used to promote air flow and improve the fumigation effect.

When fumigation, it is necessary to prevent the seedlings from dehydrating.

2. Comprehensive disinfection treatment methods for pests and diseases.

First, the seedlings are soaked in warm water at 43-45 degrees Celsius for 2 hours, then they are taken out and soaked in the combined solution of copper sulfate and dichlorvos for 15 minutes, and then taken out to dry, package, transport or plant. Preparation method of copper sulfate and dichlorvos combined solution: add 1 kg of copper sulfate and 150 ml of 80% dichlorvos per 100 kg of water, mix and stir well.

3. Timing of disinfection treatment.

The disinfection of grape seedlings must be carried out before the seedlings are transported. At the time of planting, it is best to disinfect it again.

Because there are a variety of pests and diseases in nature and grape production, especially grape phylloxera, grape root-knot nematodes and grape root cancer, which will spread with the artificial transportation of seedlings. After these diseases and insects are introduced into the new area, they can not only survive, reproduce and cause damage, but also often spread rapidly due to the suitable climatic and environmental conditions in the new area, causing serious damage to production. Moreover, once new diseases and insects are introduced, it is often difficult to leave endless troubles.

In ancient and modern times, there have been many cases of agricultural disasters caused by dangerous sexually transmitted diseases, insects and grasses with the transfer of seedlings and seedlings. The transfer of high-quality seedlings is necessary for the development of agricultural production, but it is equally important to strengthen quarantine and prevent the spread of dangerous pests and diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen plant quarantine to ensure the healthy development of grape production in China.