How do you understand and view the artistic achievements of late Islam?

The foundation of the early stage, the continuous absorption and exploration and innovation of the later stage. The achievements of many people and many countries have been achieved in this way, and there is no success without hard work.

In the late Islamic period, there were three major empires that constituted several centers of Islamic artistic achievement, and the well-known three major empires, the Ottoman Empire, the Shafi Empire, and the Mughal Empire, the background of these three empires is somewhat complicated, and it may be the artistic achievements in the establishment of the empire that may interest me more.

The Shafis have always been the main opponents of the Ottomans, and their unique style in architecture, books, paintings, carpets and silk fabrics has influenced their neighboring countries, and the architectural institutions under the auspices of the master architects have built hundreds of bridges, inns, madrasas, palaces, baths, markets and mosques for Muslims. When it comes to book painting and carpets, I think Shafi's miniature painting style has reached a new height in terms of expressiveness and technique, the brushwork and its delicacy, more real and delicate, the carpet is not a topic, the technique is even more masterful, Islamic civilization is a very rigorous civilization in my opinion, not all rely on imagination, with a high degree of realistic foundation, although I am a Muslim, standing in such a position, I am not a trust, I am the conveyor of civilization.

Today, the stylistic traditions of every important region of the Islamic world are still alive and continuing in every region, and new civilizations are constantly being created.

Answer]: Islamic arts and crafts are decorative, colorful, and abstract for religious art. The typical Islamic decorative motifs are known as arabesque ornaments, which are artistically appealing because they use motifs such as flowers, leaves, or fruits, and sometimes animal and human silhouettes or geometric patterns to form a complex pattern of straight lines, angles, or curves.

Specifically: 1) The religious belief of monotheism, the special geographical environment and the psychology and cultural tradition of the Arab nation have cultivated the vigorous development of Islamic arts and crafts, and made it a wonderful branch in the world's craft culture. It not only embodies the spiritual essence of Islam, but also reflects the unique style of the Arab nation.

2) Abstract expression and elaborate and deliberate decoration are the characteristics of Islamic arts and crafts. Due to the prohibition of idolatry in Islam, it is difficult to develop realistic artistic images, and the main energy of arts and crafts creation is poured into abstract decorative patterns.

3) Islamic dry orange arts and crafts show a strong secularity. Judging from the tone of its art, it shows more emotions that can bring joy, joy and relaxation to people, and there is rarely a repressive and mysterious religious atmosphere.

4) The decorative patterns in the Islamic arts and crafts have enriched and developed the decorative arts of human beings, and it has raised the level of decorative arts based on plant patterns to a new stage, thus forming a unique Arabic pattern.

5) Islamic arts and crafts pay attention to the unity of the whole and the local mountain ruins, arcs and straight lines, simplicity and complexity, modeling and decoration, words and images in the art form.

The formation of Islamic culture is mainly in two parts, one is formed and developed with the large-scale military expansion of Arab armies, and it has extensive contact with conquered regions and warring peoples, and the other part is mainly from other cultural factors, among which Byzantine culture is the object of early Islamic cultural learning.

The formation of the Islamic State and the complex international situation in the Middle East.

It is true that the classical Islamic era was glorious, but Islam has not kept up with the pace of historical development, and even now self-isolation has become the mainstream. The initial form of theocratic organization, which rapidly expanded the borders of the Islamic Empire, became a serious obstacle to the progress of the Islamic world, which, combined with the strictest religious constraints, made any religious reform impossible for a long time. In modern times, although the Islamic state regime has started secularization, most of the secularization reforms in the core Arab countries have been defeated by conservative forces or by powerful external forces.

Such extreme beliefs continue to spread to other secularized Islamic countries, and if there is no new Reformation like in European history, breaking the shackles of religion and entering the Age of Reason, the future for Islamic countries can be expected to be a return of the Dark Ages.

In fact, it is a group of people who herd cattle and sheep in the desert of the Middle East

The above information is abundant. An excerpt from the following is available:

The arabesque is an intricate and ornate ornamentation, expressed by the repeated use of geometric figures in a plane. Its geometric patterns are based on the images of automatic plants, and the technique can form a symmetrical continuous and infinitely extended flat decorative feature. This art is an important element of Islamic art and is commonly found on the walls of mosques.

The way the geometric figures are composed must be based on the Islamic worldview. For Muslims, the combination of countless geometric figures represents the existence of an infinite beyond the visible material world. In fact, the innumerable geometric figures symbolize Allah's infinite, cosmopolitan creative attributes.

Because arabesque has the characteristics of art and science at the same time, they believe that it can be further subdivided into secular and religious parts. But for Muslims, there is no such difference. Muslims believe that all forms of art, nature, mathematics and science are the creations of Allah and reflect the same thing (Allah reveals Himself through His creation), in other words, people can find the geometric shapes that make up arabesque patterns, but they are already present in Allah's creation.

Therefore, for most Muslims, the ultimate art that can be created and used to decorate mosques should be able to show the order and unity that is deeply hidden in nature. As for the order and consistency of the material world, they believe that it is actually similar to the spiritual world (many Muslims believe that the spiritual world is the only real being).

You see, the influence of the Islamic cosmology on architecture and art is very huge, and it is obvious that the abandonment of simulated human and animal statues is acceptable, and the depiction of natural landscapes, plants and vines is acceptable. If you want to write **, you must write this, this is the key, it is precisely because of the rejection of idolatry that it leads to the pursuit of ornamentation that can be extended infinitely.

Arts and crafts are also religious content.

The high achievement of Islamic ceramic art design is reflected in the field of architectural decoration. As early as the ancient Asian period, the habit of decorating the mold buildings with pottery mosaics was formed here, and this preference was further strengthened after the Islamic period. From the Seljuk dynasty onwards, glazed ceramic wall tiles were widely popular.

The glazed bricks are usually shaped in the form of a peculiar eight-pointed star and a cross formed by the inlay of four octagonal terracotta bricks. The use of these two kinds of wall tiles can not only slow down the wall decoration without leaving gaps, but also avoid the monotonous and stereotypical effect that may be caused by the use of square clay bricks alone. This is not only for the convenience of parquet, the decoration is beautiful, but also has a certain religious meaning.