What is the essential difference between materialism and idealism?

MaterialismDifference from idealism: The fundamental view of materialism is to recognize that the essence of the world is matter, that there is matter first and then consciousness in the world, that matter determines consciousness, and consciousness is a reflection of matter. Contrary to materialism, the fundamental view of idealism is that the essence of the world is consciousness, and that it is not matter that determines consciousness, but consciousness that determines matter.

There are two forms of idealism: subjective idealism and objective idealism.

The representative figures of the former are Berkeley, Mach, and Wang Yangming.

He advocates that the human spirit is the origin of the world, and that everything in the world exists in the human spirit, and that its extreme proposition is solipsism, that the feeling of "me" is the origin of the universe.

The representative of the latter is the famous Hegel.

It is asserted that the "objective spirit" that exists independently of man and the natural world is the origin of the world, and that everything in the universe is "the product of the objective spirit."

The difference between the fundamental viewpoints of materialism and idealism is formed around the question of the relationship between matter and consciousness. The question of the relationship between matter and consciousness is the basic problem of philosophy, and it is not only a problem that all philosophies must encounter, but also a question that all philosophies must first encounter.

The fundamental difference between materialism and idealism lies in the opposite view of thinking and being, matter and consciousness, what is the origin of the world, who is the first nature and who is derived.

There is no essential difference between the two, and both are the same worldview.

The center is different, one is to believe in all things and believe that things are man-made. The other is to believe in spiritual things such as heavens, ghosts, and gods.

The most fundamental difference between materialism and idealism is that materialism believes that matter determines consciousness, while idealism believes that consciousness determines matter.

Materialism asserts that matter is the origin of the world, matter is the first nature, consciousness is the second nature, and matter determines consciousness, while idealism advocates that consciousness is the origin of the world, consciousness is the first nature, matter is the second nature, and consciousness determines matter.

The difference lies in the fact that the objects of world unity are different.

Idealism advocates the unity of the world in the spirit, in which subjective idealism advocates the unity of the world in the spirit of man, and objective idealism advocates the unity of the world in a mysterious "objective spirit"; Materialism asserts that the world is unified with matter.

There are two forms of idealism: subjective idealism and objective idealism. The representative figures of the former include Berkeley, Mach, Wang Yangming, etc., who advocate that the human spirit is the origin of the world, and that everything in the world exists in the human spirit. The representative figure of the latter is the famous Hegel, who advocated that the "objective spirit" that exists independently of man and nature is the origin of the world, and that everything in the universe is "the product of the objective spirit".

Difference Between Materialism and Idealism:

1. Philosophy is the doctrine of world view, world view is people's fundamental views and views on the whole world (nature, human society, human thinking), philosophy is the theory of world view theorization and systematization, and is the theoretical system of world view.

In this sense, both materialism and idealism are theorized and intellectualized systems of world view, both belong to the category of philosophy, and the two exist in comparison, struggle and develop, complement each other, depend on each other, and transform each other.

2. This is the commonality and similarity between the two. Materialism and idealism, two fundamentally opposing basic factions; The difference in the question of how the world is is going constitutes a dialectical and metaphysical opposition. Because of the question of what the world must first be, that is, what kind of subject must be determined first, whether it is material or spiritual?

3. Therefore, the difference in what is determined by the difference in what is subordinate to the world; Therefore, the question of the relationship between matter and consciousness, that is, the question of who is the origin of the world and who determines who is the first and second nature, has become the basic question of philosophy, and is the fundamental criterion for dividing materialism and idealism.

Materialist and idealistic perspectives:

1. Materialism.

Marxism believes that materialism is one of the two basic schools of philosophy, which is opposed to idealism, and advocates that matter is the first nature, spirit is the second nature, the origin of the world is matter, and spirit is the projection and reflection of matter. It is a fundamental view of ontology in philosophy.

Between consciousness and matter, matter determines consciousness, consciousness is the reflection of the objective world in the human brain, and the objective world is independent of consciousness, and subjective initiative is different from other life consciousness.

2. Idealism.

Idealism is one of the two basic schools of philosophy. A philosophical system of thought that is opposed to materialism. The basic meaning of idealism is the belief in the primacy of spirit (consciousness) on the fundamental philosophical question of the relationship between thinking and being, between spirit and matter.

Matter is secondary, spirit determines matter, and matter is the product of spirit. The relationship between matter and spirit is fundamentally reversed. There are two basic manifestations of idealism: objective idealism and subjective idealism.

First, the arguments are different:

1. Idealism believes that spirit is the first nature and matter is the second nature.

2. Materialism believes that matter is the first nature and spirit is the second nature.

Second, the representative thinkers are different:

1. Materialist celebrities include Marx and Engels;

2. Idealistic celebrities include Mozi, Lu Jiuyuan and Wang Shouren, Aristotle and Hegel, as well as Berkeley in England and Fichte in Germany.

There is only one difference.

Idealism holds that spirit is primary and matter is secondary, whereas materialism holds that matter is primary and spirit is secondary. Materialism and idealism are two fundamentally opposed philosophical schools. Materialist celebrities include Marx and Engels, and idealistic celebrities include Mozi, Aristotle and Hegel.

The main representatives of idealism include Lu Jiuyuan and Wang Shouren in China, Berkeley in Britain and Fichte in Germany.

1. Materialism.

Materialism is a finiteism that is opposed to infinitarianism and monotheism. Materialism acknowledges that the world is knowable, but denies the existence of omniscient beings. Materialism recognizes that the above argument contains contradictions, but does not try to resolve this contradiction, but admits it, believing that everything contains contradictions, and the more contradictions there are, the more real they are.

2. Idealism.

Idealism is one of the two basic schools of philosophy, and it is a philosophical system of thought that is opposed to materialism. The basic meaning of idealism is that in the philosophical ontology of the relationship between thinking and existence, spirit and matter, it is believed that spirit is the first nature of the world, and matter is the second nature of the world.

Hope it helps.

The difference lies in the fact that the fundamental difference between materialism and idealism is that matter and consciousness determine who is the fundamental difference between materialism and idealism, which is reflected in epistemology whether or not to recognize that human cognition is a reflection of the objective material world on the basis of practice.

Idealistic view of history is historical idealism, contrary to historical materialism, it does not regard the material mode of production of society as the basis and driving force of social development, but regards spirit, consciousness, thought, human will, and even the power of God as the primary nature and the driving force of social development. For example, the Catholic Church, which emerged in Europe in the Middle Ages, insisted that God created man and the world. Advocating theology and opposing natural science. There are also those who regard the will of certain strongmen, that is, the "voluntarism" in philosophy, as the source of the development of the world, and so on, which are historical idealistic views of history.

Historical materialism holds that matter precedes spirit. The mode of production of social material materials is the foundation and driving force of the development of human society, and the driving force is the internal of things, not the will of human beings. Idealistic view of history holds that the spirit precedes the material.

Spirit, consciousness, thought, the will of heroes, and even God, etc., are the external forces of things, which are the foundation and driving force for the development of human society.

In short, it is diametrically opposed to the philosophical proposition that thinking and existence are the origin of the world.