If you grow bacteria at a rate of 0 1 per year, can you produce bacteria that are resistant to high

Personally, I don't think so, because nature changes so much.

Although our human evolution has been very successful, we have actually ignored that we are vulnerable. If the population density is too high, most people will starve to death in the next ice age, and 100,000 years later, cities and countries with good economies have negative growth, which is not a good thing. If the Earth changes dramatically in 100 years, humanity could be on the verge of extinction before the next ice age.

There are bacteria at the bottom of Antarctica, bacteria in the Arctic ice caps, bacteria in rocks thousands of meters underground, bacteria at 400 degrees Celsius in submarine craters, and disgusting tubular worms coexist with it. Some bacteria eat ice, some eat sulfuric acid, some eat stones, some are in the gut, some are poisonous gas in swamps, and some are anaerobic, therefore.

The change of 0 1 degrees per year is very comfortable for many bacteria, the ice age on Earth is anti-**, some volcanoes erupt for millions of years before stopping, and life does not shrink due to the extinction of some life. Conversely, when a species disappears, a new species supplement emerges, often more powerful than the former, and 65 million years ago, after the extinction of the dinosaurs, our mammals took their place.

If the dinosaurs hadn't gone extinct, mammals would have always been hiding underground like mice, and the small mammals at that time could barely see any signs of the future. In fact, the more complex an animal is, the less they are able to adapt to changes in their environment. Species that give sunlight like ants, earthworms, and flies are more powerful, and large species starve to death whenever there is a major change on the planet, or when offspring are too fragile to grow, and low consumption and strong reproduction are the most successful evolutionary directions.

If you have other different ideas and views, you can share your personal views in the comment area below, if you like me, you can pay attention to it, and finally wish you all the best.

I think it's possible because bacteria are so adaptable that they existed a long time ago, and even in harsh conditions like glaciers, they can survive.

It may be theoretically possible to gradually increase tolerance training over a long period of time, but it still needs to be demonstrated in practice.

This shouldn't work. The more complex an animal is, such as humans, the less able it is to adapt to drastic changes in its environment. Species that give sunlight like ants and earthworms can continue to evolve, and whenever there is a major change on the planet, or the offspring are too fragile to grow, large species will starve to death, and low consumption and strong reproduction are the most successful evolutionary directions.

In other words, the degree of change in a year is too little, bacteria are everywhere in the world, almost anything can be eaten, and no matter how bad the conditions are, there are still exists, so this temperature change is not enough for bacteria to evolve.

Listeria monocytogenesFood poisoning Listeria monocytogenes can survive for 1 year at minus 20 and can still grow at low temperatures of 5.

Listeria is widespread in nature, and Listeria in food mainly comes from feces. Because the bacteria can grow and multiply under refrigerated conditions, it is not possible to inhibit its reproduction by refrigerating food, and the way to kill it is to heat it, and the food that has been stored for a long time must be fully heated before eating.

Bacterial food poisoning is the most common type of food poisoning, with a high incidence of mild disease, short course of illness and rapid recovery. But Clostridium botulinum guesses.

Pseudomonas coconut, fermented rice flour subsp., Listeria monocytogenes.

The case fatality rate of food poisoning is high.

Bacterial food poisoning can occur year-round, but most bacterial food poisoning occurs in summer and autumn. During this period, due to the high temperature, bacteria are easy to grow and multiply or produce toxins; At the same time, the body's defense function decreases and its susceptibility increases.

Answer] D [Analysis] The used medium must be sterilized before being discarded, and there may be bacterial spores after disinfection.

Because of different nutrients, the kinetics of their degradation are different.

Sterilization. It refers to the use of strong physical and chemical factors to make all microorganisms inside and outside any object permanently lose their ability to grow and reproduce. The commonly used methods of sterilization include chemical reagent sterilization, radiation sterilization, dry heat sterilization, moist heat sterilization and filter sterilization.

According to different needs, different methods can be used, such as medium sterilization, which is generally sterilized by moist heat, and air is sterilized by filtration.

The thoroughness of sterilization is limited by the sterilization time and the strength of the sterilant. The resistance of microorganisms to sterilants depends on the density of the population originally presented, the resistance given to the culture by the culture, or the environment. Sterilization is an essential condition for obtaining pure cultures.

It is also an essential technology in the food industry and in the pharmaceutical field.

Basic Requirements: Reused diagnostic and treatment instruments, utensils and articles should be cleaned before disinfection or sterilization after use.

Prion, gas gangrene.

and the sudden contamination of infectious disease pathogens with unknown causes, such as diagnostic and therapeutic apparatus, appliances and articles, shall be subject to the provisions of Chapter 11 of WS T 367.

Heat- and moisture-resistant surgical instruments should be sterilized by pressure steam, and chemical disinfectants should not be used.

Immersion sterilization. The environment and the surface of objects should be cleaned first and then disinfected; When contaminated by the patient's blood, body fluids, etc., the contaminants are removed first, and then cleaned and disinfected.

The disinfection products used in the disinfection work of medical institutions should be approved by the health administrative department.

Approve or comply with the corresponding standard technical specifications, and shall follow the scope, methods and precautions for approved use.

Because of different nutrients, the kinetics of their degradation are different.

That is, at the same temperature and at the same time, some components have been destroyed or changed, while some components have not been destroyed by the big stupidity.

Just as substances with unsaturated bonds are susceptible to oxidation in air, minerals are stable for a long time.

The reason for using high temperature is generally to defend against sterilization, and the bacterial wall of the bacteria, that is, the glycoprotein components, is denatured in a short period of time at high temperature to kill bacteria. And as much as possible, other ingredients are protected from change.

It's a compromise.

It's possible, and why I'm so sure, because in nature there is such a group of bacteria that live in volcanic craters and hot spring water, and they can live in more than 70 percent of the water, and they are heat-resistant bacteria.

According to your idea, every year it rises, then it takes ten years to adapt to each degree of increase, and if the flask is large enough, then there will definitely be hundreds of millions of bacteria in it that mutate to alleviate the added heat.

In the face of high temperatures, the first thing is that the protein will lose its activity, which in turn will lead to the death of bacteria. The wisdom of survival can first make the outer wall of bacteria thicker, so as to achieve the purpose of protecting the internal structure. In addition, the enzymes inside the bacteria also need to mutate into high-temperature resistant enzymes in order to complete normal physiological activities.

The earth's ice age is reversed, some volcanoes will erupt for millions of years before stopping, life will not shrink because of the extinction of some life, but a species disappears and new species will be supplemented, the latter organisms are often stronger than the predecessors, our mammals are 65 million years ago, dinosaurs were extinct after the place of dinosaurs, if the dinosaurs do not extinct mammals will forever hide in the ground as mice, then the little mammals are poor and do not see a trace of the future.

In fact, if we think about it carefully, the evolution of bacteria is actually a process from being resistant to high temperatures to not being resistant to high temperatures, and the low temperature environment allows bacteria to survive better. According to current research, the temperature of the primitive earth was very high, and the sea water was probably very hot, and there may have been bacteria at that time. Therefore, primitive life is heat-resistant, and the heat-resistant bacteria discovered by scientists are also called archaea.

Because of the discovery of high-temperature resistant archaea, PCR technology is possible, because the isolation and extraction of high-temperature resistant DNA synthase, which can withstand high temperatures of 94°C for a short time. Although the probability of genetic mutation is very low, if the bacterial base is large enough, then there is still a chance to slowly mutate bacteria that are resistant to high temperatures.

If the temperature rises every year, it is possible to cultivate high-temperature resistant bacteria, and when the external environment changes, the bacteria will also change, and they will make the outer wall of the bacteria thicker, so as to adapt to the new environment.

This is possible because everything is a gradual process, and if you use this gradual warming method to increase its tolerance, it is possible to succeed in the end.

It is more difficult because the probability of bacterial gene mutation is very high, but it is more difficult to adapt to such an environment.

It should be possible, and it can still be cultivated according to some theories, because the adaptability and change of organisms are also very strong.

No, high-temperature resistant bacteria are produced in a natural environment over millions of years, and there is no way to cultivate them artificially.

It's possible, but the experimental design described is a bit too crude. If nothing else, the "number of years" in the general population generally does not exceed 100 years, right? Your annual warming has only risen by 10 degrees in 100 years, and after "a few years", I am afraid that you will not be able to screen out "bacteria that can survive under more than 100 degrees".

Several methods are beneficial to improve screening efficiency: instead of using "one oversized culture tank" to culture, it is better to use many flasks for parallel screening; There is no need to set a dead heating rate, you can continue to implement the idea of parallel screening and divide it into several different warming groups, such as one group of daily heating, one group of daily heating, one group of daily heating 1 and so on; Every day, the 10% of the most heat-resistant samples are selected and reassigned to each screening group for further screening, and the remaining ones are discarded, and some samples can be frozen for re-emergence. Sterile, non-toxic environment:

The culture medium and all culture utensils are aseptically processed, and a certain amount of antibiotics is usually added to the culture medium to prevent contamination. In addition, the culture medium should be changed regularly to remove metabolites and prevent the accumulation of metabolites from harming the cells themselves.

The default incubation time is 24 hours per incubation, starting from the normal temperature of 30 degrees Celsius, and when it rises to 50 degrees, it takes 20 days, but in the end, the maximum possibility is that all the bacteria will die between 50 and 90 degrees. This is the most likely, if there are some thermophiles in it, it will be less than 100 degrees.

So if you have thermophilic bacteria in the bacteria at the time of initial screening, you can screen for high-temperature resistant bacteria. If you want to take an ordinary bacterium, such as E. coli, and sift it through to make it resistant to high temperatures, that's not possible.

When performing multiple types of cell culture operations, all instruments should be strictly distinguished, and each type of cell should be operated in order to avoid confusion caused by joint operations; When changing or passaging, the dropper or pipette tip should be replaced in time to avoid bringing the cells to the culture bottle; All cell lines transferred from other places or built by themselves should have sufficient cryopreservation in the early stage, and once cross-contamination is suspected, cytogenetic identification can be done, such as the original cytogenetic changes can be revived for early cryopreservation.

Theoretically, yes, because bacteria evolve very quickly, so there is a good chance that this method will be successful.

It is possible to produce bacteria that are resistant to high temperatures, but this dish will take many years, so it will take time to verify.

Possibly. Because according to the evolutionary rules of some organisms, they will slowly adapt to some environments.

The following operations can achieve the purpose of sterilization (c).

a.Wipe your hands with alcohol-leave-in gel.

b.Blanch the container with boiling water before making kimchi.

c.Burn the inoculation loop over a flame.

d.During the epidemic prevention period, the classroom was sprayed with carbolic acid.

Expansion: 1Autoclaving.

It is a type of moist heat sterilization method. It is the most important sterilization method in microbial culture. This sterilization method is based on the fact that the steam formed when the water is boiled cannot be diffused to the outside and is gathered in a sealed container, and in the case of an airtight situation, as the water is boiled, the vapor pressure rises and the temperature also increases accordingly.

pv=nrt)

Autoclave steam is the most effective sterilization method and can quickly achieve complete and complete sterilization. Generally at 15 pounds and 2 inches of pressure under the pressure of 15 inches 2 (c), 15 to 30 minutes, all microorganisms including bud bubbles can be killed. It is suitable for sterilization of general media and glassware.

The vessel for autoclave sterilization is an autoclave. The autoclave is a metal pot that can withstand pressure and can be sealed, and there are two types: vertical and horizontal.

Electric heating, gas, steam, etc. can be used. The pot is equipped with a pressure gauge, and some are also equipped with a thermometer, which can know the pressure and temperature in the pot in time. The pot is also equipped with an exhaust port, which is used to drain the cold air in the pot with steam before it is sealed, and it is also equipped with a safety valve, if the pressure exceeds a certain limit, the valve can be automatically opened to release excessive steam.

2.Dry heat sterilization.

Dry heat sterilization, commonly used in microbial culture, refers to hot air sterilization. It is generally carried out in an electric oven. Dry heat sterilization requires a higher temperature than moist heat sterilization, and the time is longer than that of moist heat sterilization.

This is because proteins do not coagulate easily when dry and anhydrous. Generally, it is necessary to maintain a constant temperature at about 160C for 3 to 4 hours to achieve the purpose of sterilization. Dry heat sterilization is suitable for the sterilization of empty glassware, and all items and culture media with rubber cannot be sterilized by dry heat.

3.Intermittent sterilization.

The vegetative bodies of various microorganisms can be killed in half an hour at a temperature of 100C. However, its spores and spores do not lose their vitality under such conditions. Batch sterilization is carried out according to this principle.

The method of intermittent sterilization is to kill the vegetative bodies of the bacteria in the medium at 100C for 30 minutes, and then place the medium containing spores and spores in a greenhouse or at room temperature for 24 hours to allow the spores and spores to germinate into nutrients. At this time, it is treated at 100C for half an hour and left for another 24 hours. In this way, sterilization for 3 times in a row can achieve the purpose of sterilization.