Ancient methods and stories of delivering information

China was one of the first countries in the world to establish an organized transmission information system. As early as the Shang Dynasty more than 3,000 years ago, information transmission was recorded. Passing by horse is called a post pass, which is an early organized form of communication.

Located in the square of Jiayuguan railway station, the "post envoy" sculpture, it is taken from the Jiayuguan Wei and Jin mural tombs, the post envoy holds a simple paper, the post horse is four-legged in the air, and the speed is fast. In 1982, the First Congress of the All-China Philatelic Federation was used as a theme pattern for small stamps, which shows that Jiayuguan is one of the birthplaces of China's information culture.

During the Qin and Han dynasties, a complete set of post transmission systems was formed. Especially in the Han Dynasty, the documents transmitted were divided into grades, and the documents of different grades should be transmitted by special personnel and horses in accordance with the prescribed order and time. The sending and receiving of these documents must be registered, and the time should be indicated to clarify the responsibility.

During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the post industry developed unprecedentedly. The official postal transportation line of the Tang Dynasty took the capital Chang'an as the center, radiated to the four directions, and went directly to the border area, with a post station roughly 30 miles. According to the records of the Six Classics of the Tang Dynasty, there were 1,639 post stations in the country at its peak, with more than 20,000 people specializing in post services, including 17,000 post soldiers.

The post post is divided into three types: land post, water post and waterway merger, and each post station is equipped with a post house, equipped with a post horse, a post donkey, a post boat and a post field.

In the Tang Dynasty, there were also clear regulations on the itinerary of the post post, and the land post fast horse walked 6 posts a day, that is, 180 miles, and then 300 miles a day, and the fastest required 500 miles a day; Walkers travel 50 miles a day; When sailing against the current, the river travels 40 miles, the river travels 50 miles, and the other 60 miles; When going down the river, it is always 100 to 150 miles. The poet Cen Shen wrote in the poem "The Judge of the Character on the Way to Longshan at the First Stage" that "one post passes through one post, and the post rides like a stream of stars; Pingming sent Xianyang, curtain and Longshantou". Here he compares the stagecoach to a shooting star.

On November 9, the 14th year of Tianbao, An Lushan rebelled in Fanyang. At that time, Tang Xuanzong was in Huaqing Palace, and the two places were separated by three thousand miles, and Tang Xuanzong knew the news within 6 days, and the transmission speed reached 500 miles per day. It can be seen that the organization and speed of post communication in the Tang Dynasty have reached a very high level.

In the Song Dynasty, all official documents and letters were collectively referred to as "delivery", and "express delivery shops" appeared. There is a copper bell tied to the collar of the post horse of the express delivery, and when galloping on the road, the bell is ringed during the day, and the fire is raised at night, and the person who is killed is not responsible. Shop for horses, number of shops for people, rain or shine, day and night.

In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, Yue Fei, the anti-gold general, was forcibly recalled to Lin'an from the front line by Song Gaozong with twelve gold medals.

There is also a more commonly used pigeon biography! When fighting, the army uses wolf smoke to tell friendly troops that the enemy is attacking.

Use drifting bottles, light fireworks, engrave marks, wrap secret letters in steamed buns, etc.

Beacon fire, post station, gong and gold, fish and geese pass the book,

It is in the language book of the first volume of the fifth grade.

Spread the book with wolf smoke or flying pigeons.

Carrier pigeons have been an effective tool for transmitting information since ancient times. In today's highly developed communication technology, carrier pigeons still have a place to play. In war, communication is crucial.

However, in the event of a nuclear war, the strong electromagnetic radiation generated by nuclear ** will paralyze the existing electronic communication systems, but carrier pigeons can still fly freely. The Swiss army has trained and bred carrier pigeons that can pitch in both directions. Instead of transmitting traditional written letters, these pigeons carry computer chips in capsules, and the cryptographic information contained in them can only be read on special devices, which is extremely confidential.

It is even possible that the carrier pigeon will become a special communications corps.

Fiberhome Communications.

As far back as the Zhou Dynasty, China had a method of transmitting information through beacon fire, which served in ancient military warfare as a primitive means of sound and light communication. From the border to the national capital and the border defense line, a beacon tower was built at certain distances. When the enemy invaded, they lit the beacon fire one after another to give an alarm, and the princes from all walks of life saw the beacon fire and immediately sent troops to help resist the enemy.

During the Western Zhou Dynasty, in order to prevent the invasion of the enemy, the "Feng Tunnel" was used as a communication signal for border defense. In the ancient history book "Zhou Li", there is such a record: "On the passage from the frontier to the hinterland of various countries, at intervals, a beacon tower was built, one after another, and there were orange trees on the platform, and there were cages with firewood and grass on the head of the orange trees, and when the enemy invaded, the beacon towers set off fireworks one after another to transmit alarms." Every night warning, the defender of the platform lights the firewood and grass in the cage and lifts it high, and transmits information to the leading platform by the light of the fire, which is called "Feng", and the daytime warning ignites the grass accumulated on the platform, and uses smoke to show urgency, which is called "Sui".

In order to make the smoke straight and not bent, so that it can be seen from a distance, the ancients often used wolf dung instead of grass, so it is also called wolf smoke. The Zhou Dynasty stipulated: The princes of the Son of Heaven must immediately lead troops to the rescue and jointly resist the enemy.

It can be seen from this that the implementation of the beacon system means that a huge and perfect military information contact network has appeared as early as Zhou.

Didn't you hear that there is a flying pigeon book?

The ancients used the following methods to convey information:

1] Feathers: Letters with feathers are mostly used in the urgency of war.

2] Chicken feather letter: generally used in the folk.

3] Feather Book: Used to recruit troops.

4] The pigeon biography [the said flying pigeon biography].

5] Fast Horse Biography.

6] Bamboo tube: used by officials and people, similar to the current envelope.

7] Urgent foot delivery: used to transmit urgent military information, commonly known as "passing gold medals".

8] Different dynasties such as Beacon Fire and Wolf Smoke had different ways of transmission.

There are: chicken feather letters, feather books, carrier pigeon books, bamboo tubes, urgent foot delivery, beacon fire.

Flying pigeon book, feather book, chicken feather letter, wolf smoke, bamboo tube, feather book, urgent foot delivery, fast horse book.

<1> Well-trained pigeons are thrown into the air with letters tied to their legs.

2> People make up some expressions and movements to express the meaning of auspicious expressions.