What fertilization methods can be used in orchards? What are the methods and precautions for pestici

Fruit farmers can use the fast-acting fertilization method, and the fruit farmers have spray methods, and they should pay attention to spraying on sunny days.

It is best to use the quick-acting fertilization method in the orchard, because the efficiency is high, and the orchard is completely unsuitable for the traditional base fertilizer method because the area is very large. The fast-acting fertilization method is to mix chemical fertilizer and water in a certain proportion and spray it in the soil.

Fruit farmers are basically spraying methods, spraying the prepared pesticides directly on the fruit trees with a sprayer, and after a while the surface of the fruit trees can form a layer of film, which can prevent insects, which is why the fruit should be carefully cleaned, just to wash this layer of film. When spraying, just pay attention to one point, that is, spray on a sunny day, if it rains, the medicine will be washed away without attaching to the fruit tree.

In addition to the spray method, there are also these three methods: ground sprinkling, burying medicine, and smearing. The following is a detailed explanation of the operation methods and precautions:

1. Orchard pesticide application and ground sprinkling method: because the larvae of various orchard pests live in the soil near the fruit tree, it is necessary to kill these larvae, so powdery pesticides can be sprinkled near the fruit tree, and some fruit farmers even directly sprinkle quicklime in order to save money, so that the larvae can be killed in the game. It is necessary to pay attention to the sprinkling of the medicine evenly, not into a lump.

2. Orchard pesticide application and burial method: it is to put a cotton ball dipped in pesticides into the wormhole of the fruit tree, block the insects in it and poison them. This is also an effective means of preventing moths in fruit trees, and the problem that needs to be paid attention to is to try to put a tight seam to prevent insects from crawling out.

3. Orchard pesticide application and smearing method: smearing method is a poisoning method for aphids, the specific operation is to find the place where the aphids grow, and apply pesticides on it, which can not only effectively kill aphids, but also kill aphid larvae and eggs, and the precautions are to soak the poison into the aphid matrix, so as to kill the eggs as much as possible.

Dusting and ground spraying Dusting and ground spraying is the spraying of powdered pesticides with a duster or other tools onto the canopy, ground, nursery or disease, insects and grasses. Spraying time: Spray when there is dew in the morning and evening after the rain.

Advantages: the use of tools is simple, high ergonomics.

It can be fertilized by hand, it can be fertilized by agriculture, it can be fertilized by machine, it can be fertilized by breeding chickens and ducks, and it can also be fertilized by farmyard manure. It is necessary to pay attention to the frequency around you, but also to the maintenance of fruits and vegetables, pay attention to some diseases of fruit and vegetable production, and also pay attention to the state of fruits and vegetables, and fertilize according to the growth frequency of fruit trees.

Soil mixed fertilizer fertilization, root application and burial method, the fertilizer is put into the soil, mixed and put into the roots of fruit trees, and then watered in time to get the best nutrients. In the process of spraying pesticides, the orchard must pay attention to the wind direction, do not spray pesticides directly on the fruits, and ensure that they are sprayed after rain.

It can be carried out by sprinkling, fertilization can be carried out more evenly, which is good for plant growth, with pesticides, pay attention to the composition of pesticides, pay attention to the proportion of pesticides.

(1) annular (wheel-shaped) furrow fertilization method annular furrow should be opened under the projection of the outer edge of the crown, and the ditch can be dug wider and deeper when the amount of fertilizer is large. Generally 40 cm wide and 50 60 cm deep, cover the soil in time after fertilization. (2) Radial furrow (radial) fertilization method is made from a distance of 0 from the trunk

5 meters outward ditch, to the outer edge of the canopy projection, ditch 4 6, ditch depth 40 cm, width 30 cm, after the application of soil covering. This fertilization method has less damage to the roots and can promote root absorption. (3) Sprinkle fertilization method generally in order to improve the organic matter content of the whole garden, the organic fertilizer is sprinkled throughout the garden, and the fertilizer is sprinkled with mechanical rotary tillage or tree tray, and with irrigation.

This method fertilizes a large area and is conducive to root absorption. (4) strip furrow fertilization method according to the planting direction, in the crown periphery under the new shoots in the anterograde direction of the ditch, the width and depth of the ditch is 50 cm x 60 cm, ditch fertilization, soil covering at the same time. This method is convenient for mechanical operation and is suitable for dense planting of orchards and flat land.

Orchard fertilization, a small amount of many times, balanced fertilizer, foliar fertilizer can be commonly used, avoid large water and fertilizer during the flowering period, autumn fertilization should pay attention to the use of less inorganic fertilizers, organic and inorganic collocation.

1. Furrow fertilization.

Furrow type is a fertilization method with a relatively large amount of engineering, which is more suitable for fruit trees in the middle and early stages when the amount of fertilizer is large. A furrow is dug between two rows of fruit trees, then the fertilizer is filled in the middle, and finally the soil is covered with soil for the fruit trees to absorb the fertilizer after the roots of the trees develop. The furrow needs to be selected according to the depth of the root system of the fruit tree, generally about 50-100 cm, and the width can be controlled at 20-30 cm, which can basically meet the long-term fertilizer needs of fruit trees.

2. Mixed fertilization with fertilizer and water.

Fertilizer and water mixed fertilization is actually very simple, mixed with compound fertilizer and water, and after it melts, it becomes fertilizer water, and then it can be watered, or it can be covered watering. It is more suitable for areas with fewer weeds or relatively arid, and it is better if the fruit trees are planted at a higher density. In order to avoid fertilizer shortage or fertilizer excess, this method can also be chosen during the later fruiting period, and long-term use can accumulate soil fertility to a certain extent.

However, the concentration should be well controlled, and try to avoid watering on the trunk and corroding the branches.

3. Fertilization of fruit trees in a circular circle.

This method is mostly used for fruit trees that require a large amount of fertilizer, and the process is relatively simple, digging a circle around the fruit tree, then adding fertilizer, and burying it after the disaster. When digging, it is recommended that growers dig shallowly, and it doesn't matter if the ring is higher than the flat ground, so as not to rot the roots of the fertilizer and affect the growth. The use of this fertilization method should relatively reduce the amount of watering to avoid the infiltration of fertilizer water, resulting in excess nutrients for fruit trees.

The advantage is that the fertilizer utilization rate is relatively high.

4. Planting hole fertilizer.

As the oldest traditional fertilization method, hole fertilizer is undoubtedly one of the most successful ones, and can be used from fruit trees to vegetables. Its advantage is that the speed of fertilizer absorption by fruit trees is extremely high, and it is very easy to be absorbed by fruit trees, which belongs to the general type. It is common to place fertilizer directly at the bottom of the fixed value hole, and then separate it with soil to allow the natural development of the fruit tree roots to absorb it.

Nowadays, in addition to the multi-purpose method of one hole, it is also derived from the method of making fertilizer holes around the fruit tree and accumulating fertilizer for the growth and absorption of the fruit tree.

<> fertilization method of crops (taking rice as an example): Generally, it can be sprinkled, as long as the fertilizer is evenly spread on the soil. Fruit tree fertilization method:

There are many ways, take the ring fertilization method as an example, you can dig a ring ditch along the crown edge of the fruit tree, the general ditch width is 40-50 cm, the depth of the ditch is 30-40 cm, and then the fertilizer can be applied into the ditch, this method is suitable for young trees under 4 years old.

Autumn fertilization should be based on basal fertilizer, and the autumn temperature and ground temperature are relatively high, which is very conducive to the decay and decomposition of organic fertilizer, and can release nutrients before entering the winter to provide fruit trees with cold protection and wintering. Matters that need to be paid attention to in fertilization, it is necessary to pay attention to the application of organic fertilizer to ensure ripening, to avoid the occurrence of root burning, according to the size of the fruit tree, pay attention to the amount of fertilizer applied.

Types of autumn fertilization.

1. Human and animal manure: including manure of people, livestock and poultry, which are good resources in rural organic fertilizer, rich in organic matter such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and other nutrients, it is a relatively comprehensive fertilizer for the growth needs of fruit trees.

2. Composting:

This kind of organic fertilizer is mostly straw, leaves, weeds, etc. produced in rural production, which is stored in accumulation and used after the decomposition of microbial populations, and its nutrients are also similar to human and animal manure organic fertilizer.

3. Cake fertilizer: This kind of fertilizer is the residue produced after rural oil extraction, such as pressed peanut oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, etc., there will be a lot of cake fertilizer left, the nutrients of these substances are very rich, and they belong to the high-quality fertilizer source with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content.

Matters that should be paid attention to in fertilization.

1. Organic fertilizer should be fully corrupted before application: secondly, the types of organic fertilizer are also circle fertilizers, green manures, etc., which basically have a lot of similarities with the above fertilizer sources. If the organic fertilizer is not well decayed, it will produce secondary decomposition after application, which is easy to burn roots, which is very unfavorable to the growth of fruit trees, and is also easy to spread by pathogens, resulting in root rot of fruit trees.

2, the amount of fertilizer: at present, many orchards organic matter content can not meet the requirements of high quality and high yield, organic fertilizer application can provide fruit tree nutrients at the same time, but also has a good effect of improving the soil, in the amount of organic fertilizer applied, according to the fruit tree amount of fertilization, according to each pound of fruit into the standard fertilization of 2 to 3 catties of organic fertilizer.

3. Fertilization method: Fruit trees of different ages can adopt different fertilization and ditching methods. For example, autumn fertilizer for young fruit trees can be fertilized in the ring ditch, fertilization in the furrow can be used for the initial fruiting tree, and the fertilization method in the radial ditch can be used for the fruit trees in the full fruit period.

Compound fertilizer, because this fertilizer is not particularly harmful to the human body, and can also supplement the nutrients of plants, and also ensure sun exposure, so that they can grow better, pay attention not to apply too much fertilizer to him, once a week, otherwise it is easy to burn its roots.

Organic fertilizer and fungal fertilizer can be applied to fruit trees, and it should also be in a certain proportion, and the correct way to fertilize is to fertilize between the furrows, which can also improve the yield.

The autumn fertilization of fruit trees is mainly organic fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer, supplemented by a large number of elemental fertilizers and various medium and trace element fertilizers, of which organic fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer account for more than 70% of the total amount of fertilizer.

The purpose of fertilizing and supplementing nitrogen fertilizer in spring is to make the spring shoot growth momentum of fruit trees good and the flower bud separation better. The spring shoots are strong, the flower buds are separated, and the fruit yield can be determined this year. Therefore, some fruit farmers will choose to apply high-nitrogen compound fertilizer to fertilize fruit trees in the next life, not that all fruit trees can not sprinkle urea, but the nitrogen content of urea is too high, and it is difficult to control the amount and concentration.

In addition, the fertilizer effect time of urea is relatively long, up to about 45 days, and other nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium bicarbonate are about 15 days, and the fertilizer effect time is relatively long, which is not a good thing, in addition to burning the roots, it will also cause fruit trees to grow branches, affecting the differentiation of flower buds. Spring fertilization is not only for the fruit trees to grow leaves, but also to consider the growth potential of the subsequent fruit trees, the balance to balance fertilization, it is recommended to choose high nitrogen compound fertilizer.

Apply fertilizer at the right time. Timely fertilization is to apply fertilizer when the flowers need fertilizer. It is found that the flowers and leaves become light or yellow, and the plant grows weakly is the most suitable period for fertilization.

In addition, the flower seedlings should be fertilized when the leaves are sprouted, and the branches should be fertilized when the leaves are spread, so as to meet the demand for fertilizer for the rapid growth of seedlings. The need for fertilizer is also different at different stages of growth of flowers. There are also differences in the type and amount of fertilizer to be applied.

For example, more nitrogen fertilizer can be applied at the seedling stage to promote the growth of seedlings, and phosphorus fertilizer can be applied at the flower bud stage to promote large and bright flowers and long flowering period.

Fertilize according to the season.

In spring and summer, flowers grow fast and vigorously, so you can apply more fertilizer in moderation. After autumn, the temperature gradually decreases, and the growth of flowers weakens, so less fertilizer should be applied. Fertilization should be stopped from late August to early September to prevent the second growth peak, otherwise it is easy to make the flower tissue cells delicate and cause overwintering difficulties.

Overwintering flowers, dormant in winter should stop fertilization.

Fertilization should be done at a controlled temperature.

Potted flowers should not be fertilized around noon in high temperatures or rainy days, at this time fertilization is easy to hurt the roots, it is best to fertilize in the evening. After autumn and winter, the temperature is low, and the flowers grow slowly and generally do not fertilize; In summer, the temperature is high, the flowers should be fertilized more vigorously, the concentration of top dressing should be low when the temperature is high, the dosage should be less, and the top dressing with thin fertilizer water should be chased several times.

To choose the right fertilizer according to the variety of crops, you can choose phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, organic fertilizer, farmhouse fertilizer, you must choose the right time when fertilizing, you must prescribe the right medicine, pay attention to the concentration of fertilizer, do not use fertilizer when the temperature is relatively high or rainy days, you can choose to spray the foliar hole, do not irrigate the roots.

I think nitrogen fertilizer should be applied. To master the skills of adaptation, to do a good job of corresponding protection, to pay attention to the frequency of fertilization, to the meaning of the forest to block the mixing ratio of water, but also to pay attention to the method of fertilization.

compound fertilizer or urea. Be sure to pay attention to the effect of vertical nuclear fertilizer, pay attention to the fertilization of the bushes, sometimes in the spring when the transformation takes 25 days, at this time you must grasp the frequency of fertilization, but also pay attention to timely watering.

Personally, I think organic fertilizer is better; Master the time of fertilization, master the skills of fertilization, master the amount of fertilizer, and do not apply too much fertilizer at one time

The purpose of planting fruit trees is to achieve high quality, high yield and stable yield of fruits, and it is necessary to rely on scientific management on the basis of selecting excellent fruit tree varieties, among which scientific fertilization is one of the important technical means. One is the location and depth of fertilization of the apple tree. The apple tree is a deep-rooted fruit tree, and the relatively large lateral roots do not absorb nutrients, and the fibrous roots that are responsible for absorbing nutrients are located underground, with an extended crown, about 40 to 60 cm.

Therefore, fertilizer should be applied to the epitaxy of the vertical projection of the canopy.

Walnut trees are deep-rooted fruit trees with large root systems and slightly deeper hairy roots. There are more requirements for nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, followed by calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer can increase the kernel yield of walnuts, and phosphorus and potassium can increase yield and improve walnut quality.

Walnut fruit ripening period of magnesium demand is relatively large, fruit trees to a variety of fertilizer components absorption period and quantity, with the tree species, growth and development period, growth and development status, soil content and cultivation management level and different, in short, in a year, the main fertilization of fruit trees is generally divided into two categories: basal fertilizer and top dressing.

Nitrogen long branches and leaves of the tree are vigorous, phosphorus can promote the root tree to be strong, potassium fertilizer increases sugar content, and the fruit is sweet and bright. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are basal fertilizers. If the fruit tree shows symptoms of fertilizer deficiency (as shown in the figure), which fertilizer should be supplemented.

For example, the phenomenon of orange cracking fruit, calcium fertilizer is needed, if the fertilizer should be done correctly for the fruit tree fertilization, fertilizer selection is the basis, it can be said to be the premise of the correct fertilization of fruit trees, fertilizer selection is generally from its two points, reasonable collocation to meet the nutrient needs of fruit trees at all stages.

The fruit trees in the seedling stage should be mainly long trees, that is, in the fruit trees from the seedling stage, the first three years, basically this time the investment is relatively small, basically twice a year compound fertilizer can be, once in spring, once in autumn, this time to supplement enough nitrogen, phosphorus and potassiumUnderstand the requirements:It is necessary to understand the fertilizer requirements of fruit trees, and also to meet the cultivation goals. For example, the critical period of fertilizer requirement of most fruit trees is before and after flowering, fruit expansion, maturity, and fruit picking, and timely supplementation can be conducive to the stability of tree potential and the formation of fruit quality.