What is the most basic instrument for titration analysis?

Acid and alkali burettes, dual-purpose titration lights, pipettes, pipettes, Erlenmeyer flasks, beakers, ear wash balls, glass rods, volumetric flasks, graduated cylinders, iron racks, reagent bottles, etc.

Burettes, Erlenmeyer flasks, pipettes, graduated cylinders, gel-tip droppers.

Graduated cylinders, burets, volumetric flasks, pipettes, pipettes, test tubes.

1. Weighing: electronic bench scales, analytical balances, dryers, weighing flasks, medicine spoons, etc.

2. Containers: reagent bottles (10L L, 2L , 1L , etc., including plastic bottles and brown bottles), volumetric flasks (500ml, 250ml, 100ml, 50ml, etc., including brown bottles), beakers (1000ml, 500ml, 250ml, 100ml, 50ml), Erlenmeyer flasks 250ml, iodine bottles 250ml.

3. Measuring device: pipette (50ml, 25ml, 20ml, 10ml, 5ml, 2ml, 1ml), burette (50ml, 25ml, 10ml, and divided into acid tube, alkali tube, brown tube), a large number of cylinders (1000ml, 100ml, 50ml, 10ml), plastic measuring cups, etc.

4. Heating: electric heating - electric heating plate, etc.; gas heating, etc., muffle furnaces, etc.

5. Pure water preparation instrument.

6. Wash bottles, stirring sticks, droppers, ear washing balls, table dishes, etc.

The electronic titrator has it all, and I have it here.

Titration analysis is a type of chemical analysis method.

A solution of a reagent whose exact concentration is known (called a standard solution) is added dropwise to the solution of the substance to be measured until the chemical reaction is complete, and then the content of the component to be measured can be determined according to the concentration and volume of the reagent solution used, a method called titration analysis (or volume analysis).

Explanation of the concept. Titration analysis: also known as volume analysis, the standard solution of known accurate concentration is added dropwise to the measured solution (or the measured solution is added dropwise to the standard solution), until the added standard solution and the measured substance are quantitatively reacted with the macro according to the stoichiometric relationship, and then the volume consumed by the standard solution is measured, and the content of the substance to be measured is calculated according to the concentration of the standard solution and the volume consumed.

This method of quantitative analysis is called titration analysis, and it is a simple, fast, and widely used quantitative analysis method with high accuracy in constant analysis.

Standard solution: A standard solution that is accurately added to the solution being measured, in titration analysis, called titration. The substances in it are called titrants.

Acid-base titration, redox titration, complexation titration, precipitation titration.

Acid-base titration is a titration analysis method based on the proton transfer reaction between acids and bases. It can be used for the determination of acids, bases and amphoterines. The basic reaction is: H++OH-=H2O.

Redox titration is a titration analysis method based on redox reactions. It can be used for the determination of substances with redox properties or some substances without redox properties, such as the determination of iron by potassium dichromate method.

Titration Considerations

The range of pH (pm, PE) of the titrant from insufficient to excessive when the titrant reaches the measurement point during the titration process, that is, the titration jump, is an important basis for selecting the indicator.

The color of the acid-base indicator changes with the change of pH of the solution, and the narrower the range of discoloration, the better, near the stoichiometric point, the pH changes slightly, and the indicator immediately changes from one color to another, and the indicator changes color keenly.

Titration analysis method: a reagent solution (i.e., standard solution) of known accurate concentration is added dropwise into the solution of the measured substance by the burette until the two are completely reacted according to the metrological relationship represented by a certain chemical equation, and then according to the stoichiometric relationship of the titration reaction, the concentration and volume of the solution are calibrated, and the content of the measured component is calculated, and the method of quantitative analysis is called titration analysis.

Titration: In the case of titration analysis, the solution of the measured substance is placed in a container (usually an Erlenmeyer flask) and then a standard solution is added to the container dropwise by burette under suitable conditions until the two are completely reactive. Such a process is called titration.

Standard solution (titrant): A solution of a reagent of known accurate concentration.

Calibration: The process of preparing a solution that does not meet the conditions of a reference substance is similar to the required concentration, and then using the reaction between the substance and a reference substance or another standard to determine its exact concentration, which is called calibration.

Stoichiometric point: When the injectable standard solution is completely inverse to the substance being measured according to a certain stoichiometric relationship.

So far, it is said that the reaction posture has reached the stoichiometric point.

Endpoint of titration volume: The titration is carried out until the color of the indicator changes to the end point, which is called the titration endpoint.

Titration error: The titration endpoint and the stoichiometric point are often not the same, and the resulting error in the measurement results is called the endpoint error, also known as the titration error.

Titration analysis is to add a reagent solution of known accurate concentration to the solution of the measured substance dropwise until the added reagent reacts with the measured substance according to stoichiometric quantification, and calculates the content of the measured substance according to the concentration of the reagent solution and the volume consumed.

This solution of the reagent of known accurate concentration is called the titration solution. The process by which the titration solution is added from the burette to the solution of the substance to be measured is called titration. When the amount of substances added to the titration solution and the amount of the measured substances are quantitatively reacted according to stoichiometry, the reaction reaches the measurement point.

During the titration process, the transition point at which the color of the indicator changes is called the titration endpoint.

The titration endpoint does not necessarily coincide with the metering point, and the resulting error in the analysis is called the titration error.

A chemical reaction suitable for titration analysis should meet the following conditions:

1) The reaction must be done quantitatively according to the equation, usually required above, which is the basis of quantitative calculations.

2) The reaction can be completed quickly (sometimes with heat or catalyst to speed up the reaction).

3) Coexisting substances do not interfere with the main reaction, or eliminate their interference with appropriate methods.

4) There is a relatively simple way to determine the metering point (indicating the titration endpoint).