Zuo Chuan, Chinese, L s Spring and Autumn What era

Zuo Biography was originally known as "Zuo's Spring and Autumn".

In the Han Dynasty, it was renamed "The Biography of the Zuo Family in the Spring and Autumn Period".

Abbreviated as "Left Biography". In the old days, it was said that in the late Spring and Autumn Period, Zuoqiu Ming explained Confucius.

"Spring and Autumn". "Zuo Biography" is essentially an independently written history book. It started in the first year of Lu Yin (722 BC) and ended in the 14th year of Lu Mourning (453 BC), based on the Spring and Autumn Period, and explained the outline of the Spring and Autumn Period by describing the specific historical facts of the Spring and Autumn Period, which is one of the important Confucian classics.

Chinese is one of the earliest national history books in China. It records the history of the royal family of the Zhou Dynasty and the eight kingdoms of Lu, Qi, Jin, Zheng, Chu, Wu and Yue, and focuses on the remarks of historical figures, reflecting the social conditions of the Spring and Autumn Period. From the twelfth year of King Mu of Zhou (990 BC) to the westward expedition to the dog Rong (about 947 BC), to the sixteenth year of King Zhending of Zhou, Zhibo was destroyed (453 BC).

Including court appointments, banquets, sarcasm, arguments, responses between nobles of various countries, as well as some historical events and legends.

Lü's Spring and Autumn is an ancient encyclopedia-like masterpiece edited by Lü Buwei, the prime minister of the Qin State, with eight readings, six treatises, and twelve epochs, with a total of more than 200,000 words. "Lü's Spring and Autumn" is a miscellaneous (Confucian, legal, Taoist, etc.) work compiled by the subordinates of Lü Buwei, the prime minister of Qin in the last years of the Warring States Period (around 239 B.C.), also known as Lü Lan

The book is divided into 12 periods, 8 reviews, and 6 treatises, with a total of 12 volumes, 160 articles, and more than 200,000 words. Lü Buwei himself believes that it includes the affairs of heaven and earth throughout the ages, so it is called "Lü's Spring and Autumn".

Spring and Autumn Era: "Zuo Chuan", "Chinese".

Warring States Period: "Lü's Spring and Autumn".

Lü's Spring and Autumn is a miscellaneous work compiled by Lü Buwei, the prime minister of the Qin State in the last years of the Warring States Period (around 221 B.C.), also known as Lü Lan. This book is based on Confucianism and Taoism, and is based on famous scholars, Legalists, Mohists, peasants, strategists, and Yin-Yang families. It integrates hundreds of theories in one furnace, flashing with the light of broad and profound wisdom of dust dismantling.

Lü Buwei wanted to use this as his ideology after the unification of the Qin Dynasty.

1. The authors and the dynasties in which the books were written are different

Spring and Autumn is a chronicle of the Lu Kingdom, a biographical history book revised by Confucius during the Spring and Autumn Period. It records the history from the first year of Lu Yin (722 BC) to the 14th year of Lu Ai (481 BC), and is the earliest existing chronicle in China.

Lü's Spring and Autumn is a collection of essays equivalent to an encyclopedia compiled by Lü Buwei and his disciples in the late Warring States period, which is almost involved in the thoughts of almost all the sons of the pre-Qin Dynasty, with a variety of contents, and a very strict organizational system.

2. The purpose is different

The purpose of "Spring and Autumn" is not to remember facts, but to write about the judgment of facts in one's heart. Mr. Xu Fuguan also said: "It can be concluded that the motive and purpose of Confucius's revision of the Spring and Autumn Period is not the so-called 'historiography' today, but the use of ancient times.

The solemn mission to replace God's judgment with the judgment of history.

The "Lü's Spring and Autumn Period" is the product of Lü Buwei's cultural and ideological competition with the princes from the perspective of culture and ideology relying on the momentum of the Qin state, and Lü Buwei's theoretical preparation for Qin's unification of the world.

Lü's Spring and Autumn Period is divided into 12 periods, 8 reviews, and 6 treatises, with a total of 26 volumes, 160 articles, and more than 200,000 words. The content refutes pure arguments and miscellaneous, and there are various ideas such as Confucianism, Taoism, Mo, Law, Bing, Nuclear High Nong, Vertical and Horizontal, Yin and Yang, etc., so the "Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicles" will be included in the miscellaneous family. Although the content is mixed, it is not without a system in terms of organization, and it is not without theory in compilation, and it is not without a system in terms of content.

As the book "The Public" says: "There is no pure white fox in the world, but there is a pure white fur, and the white is taken." The purpose of compiling "Lü's Spring and Autumn Period" is obviously to gather the essence of each family and form the thought of one family, that is, to take Taoist thought as the backbone and integrate the doctrines of each school.

According to Lü Buwei, the book's approach to the ideas of each school is entirely based on objectivity, and it has a fair attitude towards all schools of thought and treats them equally. For "private sight blinds the eye, private hearing deafness, and selfish concern makes the heart mad." If all three are selfish and refined, then there is no wisdom to be public.

If wisdom is not fair, the blessing will decline day by day, and the disaster will be prosperous. (Lü's Spring and Autumn Period, Preface).

The 12 epochs of Lü's Spring and Autumn Period are the main purpose of the book and an important part of the book, which are divided into "Spring Chronicle", "Summer Chronicle", "Autumn Chronicle" and "Winter Chronicle". There are 5 articles in each period, for a total of 60 articles. This book is based on the "Dharma Heaven and Earth", and the Twelve Chronicles are the heavens that symbolize the "Great Yuan", so this part uses the December Order as a clue to combine materials.

"Spring Chronicle" mainly discusses the way of health preservation, "Summer Chronicle" discusses teaching principles and theories, "Autumn Chronicle" mainly discusses military issues, and "Winter Chronicle" mainly discusses human quality issues. Eight reviews, now 63 articles, apparently taken off one. The content starts from the groundbreaking, and has always talked about the way of being a person, the way of governing the country, and how to recognize and distinguish things, how to use the people, and be the king.

Lü's Spring and Autumn Period is based on Confucianism, Taoism, and the ideas and theories of name, law, ink, agriculture, soldiers, and yin and yang. Lü Buwei wanted to use this as the ideology after the unification of the Great Qin Dynasty. However, Qin Shi Huang, who later ruled the country, chose Legalist thought, which frustrated all the schools, including Taoism.

Lü's Spring and Autumn Collection is the culmination of pre-Qin Taoism, which is the representative work of Taoism at the end of the Warring States Period, and the book is divided into 26 volumes, 160 articles, and more than 200,000 words.

The Qin Dynasty is the Qin Dynasty.

Lü's Spring and Autumn Period", also known as "Lü Lan", was written by Qin Xiang Lü Buwei and collected the writings of the guests. It is divided into three parts: "Twelve Chronicles", "Eight Reviews" and "Six Treatises", with a total of 26 volumes and 160 articles, which is one of the representative works of miscellaneous families.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, in order to publicize and realize his political ideas, many people devoted themselves to writing books and giving lectures or gathering disciples to give lectures. They summed up the gains and losses of the rise and fall of dynasties in history, summed up various lessons and lessons in history and reality, and gradually formed their own theories and theories, forming their own different "families". However, due to the special reasons of China's feudal era, especially the strict teacher-student relationship, each family abides by the family law and attacks each other, and water and fire are incompatible.

In the context of Qin's powerful power and the imminent unification of China, the prosperous situation in which hundreds of schools of thought contended had gradually come to an end, and the possibility of scholars of various factions gathering together had emerged, and some of them could gather around Lü Buwei to express their opinions and compile a book, which was born at the right time with the masterpiece "Lü's Spring and Autumn Period". Among them, there are not only Confucianism and Taoism, but also Mohist and Legalist thoughts, as well as Yin-Yang and Zonghengjia thoughts, and other schools such as famous families, soldiers, farmers, ** families, etc., all occupy a place in the book, and gather together in peace, not only with each family, but also from each family. As Gao Lu of the Eastern Han Dynasty said in the "Preface to the Spring and Autumn Period of the Lu Family":

However, this book is still based on morality, with inaction as the discipline, loyalty as the style, and the public side as the check, and Meng Ke, Sun Qing, Huainan, and Yangxiong. It is based on the "Record" and "Omitted". Induce the "Mencius" chapters and sentences, make "Huainan" and "Filial Piety" to explain the end, the family has this book, the deduction of the case province, out of the right of the sons.

The quasi-discipline, style, and inspection of Lü's Spring and Autumn Period are considered by Gao Lu to be the most representative and excellent model of the entire era, which can not only be compared with each family, but also come to the conclusion of "the right of the sons" through the "search for the case province", which is indeed an exclusive comment. However, because the book is a miscellaneous family, it is not as prominent as Zhuzi on the surface, and Lü Buwei's actions have been reviled by scholars of all generations, so it has not attracted the attention that researchers should pay due attention to for a long time, resulting in the book not enjoying its due status. It was not until modern times that Mr. Liang Rengong got rid of his prejudices and highly respected the book "Lü's Spring and Autumn", believing that "this book has been incomplete, no messy after 2,000 years, and has a good note of high temptation, and it is the most complete and easy to read among the ancient books" ("The Authenticity of Ancient Books and Their Ages"), since then, many scholars have re-studied the book and come up with a fair evaluation.

Throughout the book, when absorbing the strengths of each family, it develops its strengths and avoids its weaknesses, has its own characteristics, has its own style, and shines with its unique brilliance.

Compiled during the Qin Dynasty and compiled by Lü Buwei himself.