Seek up to date guidelines for acute heart failure.

It is mainly to eliminate triggers, link patients' nervousness, active oxygen therapy, reduce cardiac burden, and increase myocardial contraction.

General**: The patient is seated with both lower extremities hanging over the bedside to reduce venous return, and if necessary, the extremities are ligated for oxygen.

Medications**: Sedation: Morphine.

Rapid diuretic: furosemide seeps. Vasodilators:

Sodium nitroprusside, phentolamine, nitroglycerin. Enhance myocardial contractility: cardiac glycosides, adrenergic receptor stimulants.

Aminophylline Glucocorticoids.

Mechanically assisted circulation: intra-aortic capsule counter-pulsation eliminates predisposing factors and actively abides from the primary disease.

The patient is in a sitting or semi-recumbent position: the legs are lowered to reduce venous return and reduce the workload on the heart; high-flow oxygen; morphine: 3 5 mg slowly intravenously or 5 10 mg subcutaneously; Rapid diuretic:

Futimil 20 40mg, reuse after 4 hours; Vasodilators: reduce cardiac workload, mainly by intravenous infusion, including nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, or phentolamine; digitalis; Aminophylline; Other: Lituration of the limbs in turns.

1. First of all, let the patient keep quiet, dilate the peripheral blood vessels, reduce the amount of blood returning to the heart, and reduce the symptoms of dyspnea, you can take intramuscular or subcutaneous injection of morphine or demerol. However, this method is contraindicated in patients who are delirious, have shock, respiratory depression, and pulmonary infection, or are elderly.

2. It is best to have spare oxygen at home, 6-8 liters of oxygen are given with pressurized high flow, which can flow through 25%-70% alcohol and then inhale it with a nasal tube.

3. When the disease occurs, let the patient take the lying or sitting position, and the legs should hang down naturally, so as to reduce venous return.

4. Patients can take nitroglycerin or isosorbide dinitrate sublingually to reduce the venous pressure of the patient's pulmonary circulation.

5. Patients can be given intravenous diuretics to reduce blood volume and reduce the burden on the patient's heart. However, at the time of injection, it is necessary to prevent hypovolemia and hypokalemia.

6. If the patient is accompanied by bronchospasm, it can be diluted with aminophylline and glucose for intravenous injection. However, caution should be exercised in patients with ventricular tachycardia and premature ventricular contractions.

7. For patients who have not used drugs such as digitalis recently, digitalis preparations can be injected with digitalis, but for patients with atrial fibrillation with fast ventricular rate, it should be used with caution.

8. Dexamethasone or hydrocortisone is added to glucose for intravenous infusion, which is helpful for the control of pulmonary edema.

9. The triggers should be effectively controlled, and if the patient has tachyarrhythmia, it should be quickly controlled. 、

In the event of sudden acute heart failure, it is necessary to help the patient stabilize his mood first, and it is best to prepare some first-aid medicines at home, such as nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, etc., in case of emergency.

**Methods: 1. Sedation: subcutaneous or intramuscular injection of drugs to quiet the patient, dilate the peripheral blood vessels, reduce the amount of blood returning to the heart, and reduce dyspnea. It is forbidden for the elderly, those who are delirious, suspected of respiratory depression, shock, or pulmonary infection.

2. Oxygen inhalation: pressurized high-flow oxygen 6 8 liters per minute, which can flow through 25 70% alcohol and then inhaled with a nasal tube, pressurization can reduce the exudation of fluid in the alveoli, alcohol can reduce the surface tension of the foam to burst the foam, thereby improving ventilation, and can also use a silicone defoamer with a pietro to eliminate the foam.

3. Reduce venous return: the patient takes a sitting or lying position, the legs hang down, in order to reduce venous return, if necessary, a tourniquet can be added to the limbs, take turns to ligate three limbs, change a limb every 5 minutes, an average of 15 minutes per limb, and relax for 5 minutes to ensure that the limb circulation is not affected.

4. Diuretic: Intravenous administration of fast-acting diuretics to reduce blood volume and reduce cardiac load, attention should be paid to preventing or correcting hypokalemia and hypovolemia associated with massive diuresis. Vasodilators can also be used to reduce pulmonary circulatory pressure, but care should be taken not to cause hypotension.

In order to better the disease, we should know what the methods of acute heart failure are, and give them in time after the onset of the patient, so as to make the patient suffer as little as possible.

Prevention: 1. Prevention of colds: In the cold epidemic season or sudden climate change, patients should reduce going out, wear masks and add appropriate clothes when going out, and patients should also avoid going to crowded places. If a patient develops a respiratory infection, it is very easy for the condition to deteriorate dramatically.

2. Moderate activity: do some physical activities within your ability, but do not move too much, too violently, and can not participate in more strenuous activities, so as to avoid sudden aggravation of heart failure.

3. The diet should be light and less salty: the diet should be less greasy and more vegetables and fruits. For patients who already have heart failure, it is important to control salt intake. Excessive salt intake can exacerbate fluid retention and worsen edema, but it is not necessary to be salt-free altogether.

4. Healthy lifestyle: Be sure to quit smoking, stop drinking, maintain a balanced mentality, don't let your emotions fluctuate too much, and at the same time ensure adequate sleep.