Why since the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Han Liu s previous efforts to promote ancient literat

The first people in the Song Dynasty to advocate the ancient text of Han Liu were Wang Yufu and Liu Kai.

In the history of Chinese literary thought, Han Yu is an important figure who inherited the past and opened up the future, he was the first to comprehensively and systematically put forward the issues of "Taoism" and "Wentong", advocated Confucianism and Taoism with a clear and resolute attitude, opposed Buddhism, and also achieved high achievements in ancient writing. Su Shi said that he said: The decline of eight generations of Wenqi is the drowning of the world.

Destruction ("Chaozhou Hanwen Gongmiao Tablet", "Su Shi's Anthology" test 17) so that all future generations who want to restore Confucianism, Taoism and literature in literature must first raise this banner as a call.

Liu Kai was one of the earliest writers in the early Song Dynasty to learn Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan to advocate ancient literature, he was born in the third year of Kaiyun in the Later Jin Dynasty (947), the first year of Qiande after the founding of Song Taizu (963), Liu Kai was only 17 years old, and obtained Korean from the hands of Mr. Zhao, an old Confucian. (A Liang Shizhi changed his name", "Mr. Hedong Collection" volume 5).

At that time, most people studied the writing of the pun li, but they didn't know that there was Han Yu, and they didn't know what "ancient writing" was. Therefore, Liu Kai learned Korean by himself, "he couldn't let go of the curtain, and gradually self-explanatory". As a result, "I have won the essence of Korean, and I will learn its text in the next pen" ("The Biography of the Wild Husband in the Eastern Suburbs with Yu Peng", (Mr. Hedong's Collection, Volume 2).

In the articles "Tianban", "Haishuo" and "Jingjie" written by him when he was about 20 years old, you can see the obvious influence of Han Yu's ancient texts, such as "Haishuo" clouds: the qi of the husband and the earth is formed into a mountain and melts into a river.

Those who become mountains, the ancients have been determined, the size is high and low, and the famous religion has not changed; Those who merge into the river will not stop flowing, and the mighty will abandon the surge. Those who are not able to melt into the river will forget the past, and those who will become mountains will be able to condense and be determined. The article is full of momentum, should be far-sighted, pay attention to reason and righteousness and do not focus on carving the sound rhythm, which is completely different from the five dynasties since the time when the algae ornament is gorgeous and the body is humble and weak.

A great movement in the history of literature.

The Guwen Movement refers to the stylistic reform movement in the middle of the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty, which advocated ancient writing and opposed pun writing. Because it involves the ideological content of literature, it has the nature of both an ideological movement and a social movement. The concept of "ancient text" was first proposed by Han Yu.

He regarded the six dynasties as a vulgar script, and believed that his prose inherited the tradition of the Han and Han Dynasty texts, so he called it "ancient text". Han Yu advocated ancient literature, with the aim of restoring the ancient Confucian Taoist system, and turning the reform of literary style and the revival of Confucianism into complementary movements. In advocating ancient texts, it is further emphasized that we should be civilized.

In addition to Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in the Tang Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Zeng Gong, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe and others in the Song Dynasty are also representatives.

Of course, this is not to say that after an ancient literary movement, there will no longer be a countercurrent of formalism in the literary world. In fact, after Han Liu, there were roughly two trends in the general development of the ancient literature movement in the Tang Dynasty: one was that Li Ao, represented by Li Ao, was biased towards exposition, and the scope of reflecting reality was narrowed, and the other was that Huangfu Xiang and Sun Qiao were "strange and strange", making the articles obscure, which was not conducive to the development of ancient literature.

In the late Tang Dynasty, there were sketches by Pi Rixiu, Tortoise Meng, Luo Yin and others, which were short and concise, and the pen was sharp, adding luster to the literary world of the late Tang Dynasty. From the Five Dynasties to the beginning of the Song Dynasty, the flamboyant and glamorous literary style was once again overflowing, and during the Zhenzong period of the Northern Song Dynasty, there was also a Xikun school represented by Yang Yi, Liu Yun and others.

Northern Song Dynasty Ancient Literature Movement.

That is, the Northern Song Dynasty Poetry and Literature Reform Movement, which mainly opposed the superficial literary style represented by the Xikun style, and advocated the innovation of poetry and literature.

In the late Tang Dynasty, the ancient literary movement tended to decline, and a bad style of writing that paid attention to carving chapters and sentences appeared. During the Northern Song Dynasty, some literati represented by Ouyang Xiu strongly admired Han and Liu, setting off a new ancient literature movement. On the one hand, he opposes the bad style of writing since the late Tang Dynasty; On the one hand, he advocated inheriting Han Yu's Taoism and literary system, emphasizing the unity of literature and Taoism, and the view that Tao precedes literature, he wrote a large number of easy, natural, flesh-and-blood prose, which jointly cleared away the obscure style of writing, and made the prose embark on the road of being easy and smooth and reflecting real life.

People refer to Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in the Tang Dynasty and Ouyang Xiu, Zeng Gong, Wang Anshi, Su Xun, Su Shi and Su Zhe in the Song Dynasty as the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties", and the two ancient literary movements of the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty as the "Tang and Song Ancient Literature Movements".

Han Yu is the head of the eight families of the copy Tang and Song dynasties.

Liu Zongyuan and Qi were both advocates of the "Guwen Movement" and were called "Han Liu".

Together with Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Zeng Gong in the Song Dynasty, they are also known as the "Eight Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". He left more than 600 poems and literary works in his lifetime, and his literary achievements are greater than those of poetry. Hope it helps

Han Yu is known as the head of the eight masters of the Tang and Song dynasties.

The second year of Jiayou (1057), when Ouyang Xiu presided over the examination of the Ministry of Rites, was an extremely important year in the history of the ancient literary movement, and Su Shi, Zeng Gong and Su Zhe were all Jinshi in this year. Coupled with Wang Anshi and Su Xun, Ouyang Xiu gathered a group of outstanding ancient writers. Although the political opinions and literary opinions of each person in the book are different, they have written many famous ancient texts that have become models for later generations.

For example, Ouyang Xiu's "Preface to the Biography of the Five Dynasties of Shi Lingguan", "The Legend of the Drunkard Pavilion", "Qiu Shengfu", Wang Anshi's "Answer to Sima's Advice", "Reading the Biography of Meng Weijun", "The Story of You Bao Chan Mountain", Su Shi's "Treatise on Staying in the Marquis", "The Story of Shi Zhongshan", "Chibi Fu", Su Xun's "Treatise on the Six Kingdoms", Zeng Gong's "The Ink Pond", etc., are full of literary brilliance, making the Song Dynasty extremely prosperous here. Ouyang Xiu attaches great importance to rewarding backwards, Wang Anshi and Su Shi have all gone out of their homes and successively dominated the literary world, and Song Wen has been able to develop smoothly. After the imperial examination reform in the second year of Jiayou, ancient literature flourished day by day, and since then it has replaced the pun script to occupy a dominant position in the literary world.

The Tang and Song dynasties and a group of people who later engaged in antiques.

Prose is a piece of.