What instruments did WWII tanks aim at

The old tank sight was a direct-looking type, that is, the optical axis of the scope was parallel to the gunner's line of sight, and the armor in front of the scope needed to be opened. Keep an eye out for the Tiger and Panther tanks, the front of the turret, there's a little hole or two to the left of the main gun, and there's the scope inside.

Cutting holes in front of the turret will undoubtedly reduce the protection of the front. So modern scopes are periscope, with holes in the top of the turret, so that the frontal armor is intact.

In the picture, the turret of the T-34. The blue one is the scope.

It can be seen that the landlord's military knowledge is somewhat lacking.

The sighting device of a tank gun is usually mounted on the left side of the turret and is available in both double-bore and single-bore versions. It is mainly operated by the gun commander. After the commander of the gun was wounded or killed, the gunner (loader) took over.

For example, the Zeiss TFZ 9B sight equipped with the German Tiger tank, according to the German tank field regulations, the gun commander needs to observe the large triangle in the tank scope with a milli-radian angle (MIL), the small triangle is 2 mil long, and the spacing between the two small triangles is also 2 mil

A milliradian is equivalent to 1000 meters away

tan( rad) *1000 m = m

Omit the mantissa because the angle is small, tan(0)=1, so an object of 1m inside the scope is one mil long 1000m away.

The target distance can be read using the following formula:

Target Distance The actual length (or height) of the target is 1000 mil number occupied by the target in the scope.

Reference: The average width of tanks in each country is about 3m

Here are the heights: Sherman 3M, T-34 & KV, Matilda

Therefore, tank artillery aiming is not a simple matter like playing house, and only by understanding the physical principles and aiming calculation methods can you control the tank gun.

So, landlord, let's learn more.

Upstairs is too exaggerated, not so complicated; During World War II, the average combat distance of tanks was 200m-500m, and it was good for the gun to aim directly, generally for optical sights, because the gun commander was generally on the left side of the artillery, so the scope was also on the left side of the artillery, as for the operation, of course, it was the gun commander. Even if it is an 800m-1500m battle, such a complicated algorithm will not be used, and the general combat team will directly estimate and shoot, and if it misses, it will be used as a calibration bullet. What's more, in the Battle of Stalingrad, some T-34s drove directly to the battlefield without aiming equipment.

The scope is mounted on the side of the gun mount, and if you look at the front of the turret, you can see a lot of holes, including the scope, which is operated by the gunner. The scopes of the World War II era were straight aiming, not periscopes, as they were after the war.

The second floor is right, World War II tanks have scopes, through visual inspection and auxiliary sights to carry out shelling, in fact, although the current advanced tanks are equipped with optical sights, but visual aiming is still a compulsory course for tank gunners.

Optical sights, something like a periscope.

Scope on the left side of the gun shaft. Controlled by the Gun Commander.

The so-called visual inspection is the eye to judge the distance to the target.

World War II fighters usually have a crosshair similar to an anti-aircraft machine gun sight on the dashboard, which allows pilots to control the machine gun. However, in the process of maintenance and repair before take-off, the ground crew should calibrate the machine gun, and the usual calibration distance is 200 meters to 300 meters, and some are calibrated to 100 meters or 400 meters.

The guns on the wings are aimed at the front of the nose at a certain angle and the range of the guns, so the pilot can fire the guns by looking at the aiming crosshairs on the fuselage.

There are fixed and unfixed fixed pilots who fly the aircraft themselves to the correct angle**, and non-indefinite (heavy low-speed bombers) have pilots who operate machine guns on the bottom side of the plane.

Both machine guns and cannons have an angle, for example, the German BF-109 even has a cannon in the center of the propeller! The pilot uses the front sight installed in the cabin to calculate the amount of advance before shooting Therefore, the air combat in World War II uses the maneuverability of the aircraft to pull into a relatively close distance before firing, for example, the world's No. 1 ace pilot who shot down 352 planes in Germany, he usually closes to 50 meters before firing the cannon

There is a crosshair on the glass cover, and with that aim, it usually does not hit the cockpit directly, and it hits the opponent's wing.

Pilots generally look at the crosshair to aim

How were anti-tank rifles used during World War II? Were the soldiers instructed to aim their guns at a specific part of the tank, or were they more random in the event of a hit and wish?

The first anti-tank rifles were developed during the First World War.

I'm May from C&rsenal and I'm firing T-Gewehr.

It's a joke because it's too big.

At the time, they were not sure of the best place to attack, but when used against early World War I lightly armored tanks, they could penetrate all tanks at a much shorter distance and could hit the crew and engine. In the beginning, it is important to hit the target.

Anti-tank rifles were developed in the interwar period and were tested in many conflicts, but by the time of the Second World War, there were already a lot of them.

Anti-tank rifles were very useful for lightly armored and unarmed vehicles when lightly armed tanks quickly disappeared. They can be effective on light tanks, armored vehicles and half-tracks. The USSR sent a large number of soldiers.

This is what they can get, what they have in production, plus a large number of armies, which may be less equipped than tank killers.

Weaknesses on tanks include return followers, sprockets, external fuel, aft deck, sight blocks, shooting traps under the barrel, and for some tanks, even small ** have weaknesses above the wheels.

Theoretically, even a high-powered rifle could shoot through a ring where the turret intersected with the chassis. This is an area of aim, which is difficult, as you can see, with the turret, the projectile of the anti-tank rifle is deflected. This is a much larger projectile.

For heavy and medium tanks, the importance of an anti-tank rifle is not necessarily to disable or damage the tank. By shooting tanks with anti-tank rifles and small **, you can make the tank have to snap buttons, and use a narrow field of view, which greatly limits mobility, speed and target capture. It gives your infantry and sappers a better chance to destroy and destroy tanks with backpack bombs, sticky bombs, magnetic bombs, incendiary bombs, logs propelled through orbits, etc.

Even put an oilcloth and blanket over the sight block.

This rifle needs to be propped up on the ground before it can be used, otherwise it will shatter the shooter's shoulder, and there is no magazine, so there is only one chance to shoot.

There are many types of anti-tank rifles, one of which is the PTRS-41 anti-tank rifle, which uses gunpowder gas to achieve semi-automatic operation, is a single-shot rifle that fires millimeter bullets, the gun uses a spiral bolt, raised locking, manual loading, and automatic shell throwing.

The German sight is the top vertex of the big triangle is the muzzle crosshair, there are three smaller triangles on both sides of the big triangle, the bottom edge of the small triangle is two dense positions, the spacing between the two small triangles is also two dense positions, and the bottom edge of the large triangle is four dense positions. Suppose you see an enemy vehicle facing you in the crosshairs, about a little more than the bottom edge of a small triangle, that is, a dense position. According to the explanation of the secret position just now, how do you know what the distance between friend and foe is?

Generally speaking, the length and width of a vehicle are mostly 4-6 meters, and it is better if you can determine the type of enemy vehicle, as the error can be further reduced. Here we assume that the vehicle is the Green Nation 75 mm Heavy Tank (Char B1) with dimensions * 6 m. Knowing its width, substituting the definition of the position just now, we can see that the distance is about 1000 meters.

And so on, if the width of the tank is 5 denses, then the distance is 500 meters. Fill a large triangle by 600 Fill a small triangle by 1200 and add points as appropriate.

However, this algorithm is not very accurate, and the error of the M4 tank at 500 meters will be between 500 and 750 meters due to empirical problems. I won't be sorry for the more professional approach.

Your question is too professional to answer, I only said that I know, the Soviet KV1 or T34, the range of the tank is relatively simple, a manual records the outline of the tank at different distances, as long as a simple comparison can be approximated, very efficient.

Yes. In the First World War, just a few months after the creation of the tank, this ** that was used against tanks already appeared. The earliest anti-tank guns were made by the Germans, and the German army mainly used two types of anti-tank guns of domestic production, the Type 38 anti-tank gun made by Rheinmetall-Borsig.

In the Polish campaign in 1939, the Soviet army obtained several hundred Type 35 anti-tanks, and organized a research team to study and reference them, and after rapid experiments, the Degtyalev anti-tank gun and Simonov's semi-automatic anti-tank gun were finalized at the same time, and immediately began to equip the Soviet troops at that time.

German-made anti-tank guns.

In World War II, there were guns that fought tanks, called anti-tank guns.

Russia filmed a movie "Panfilov 28 Warriors" last year, which included a scene of anti-tank guns hitting tanks.

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