How to distinguish the medicinal properties of traditional Chinese medicine? What are the properties

The medicinal properties of traditional Chinese medicine are also known as the properties of traditional Chinese medicine.

It is a high-level summary of the basic properties and characteristics of the role of traditional Chinese medicine, and is the core of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, mainly including four qi, five flavors, meridians, ups and downs, toxic and non-toxic, etc.

Four qi, that is, cold, hot, warm and cool four medicinal properties.

The cold and hot temperature of the drug is summarized from the reaction of the drug on the body. Drugs that can reduce or eliminate heat syndrome are generally cold or cold; Drugs that can alleviate or eliminate cold syndrome are generally warm or hot. There are also some flat drugs, which have no obvious bias of cold and heat.

Five flavors, namely pungent, sweet, sour, bitter and salty.

Taste was initially determined on the basis of the true taste of the drug, and later, the main basis for taste was the presumption based on the effect of the drug and the taste of the drug.

The tendency of the drug action of the lifting, floating and sinking reaction is one of the concepts that explains the nature of the drug action.

Ups and downs are related to sexual taste. Generally speaking, most of the medicinal properties rise and float with pungent and sweet taste and warmth; Most of the medicinal properties are precipitated, with sour, bitter, salty, astringent and cold properties.

The ups and downs are related to the texture of the drug. In general, it is believed that most of the drugs with light quality such as flowers, leaves, bark, and branches are floating, while most of the heavy drugs such as seeds, fruits, minerals, and shells are sedimentary.

Attribution is the concept of the localization of the effect of the drug, that is, the positioning of the effect of the drug.

The meridian is determined based on the theory of viscera meridians and the symptoms treated.

Toxicity refers to the damaging effect of a drug on the body.

The traditional identification methods of traditional Chinese medicine mainly include four aspects: eye viewing, hand modeling, nose smell, and mouth tasting.

It mainly observes the shape, color, surface thickness, and texture of the section of the medicinal materials. Each medicinal material has certain shape characteristics, such as the rhizome of Chuanxiong is an irregular nodular mass, and the cross-section of Polygonum multiflorum is formed by the three-life vascular bundle of the "cloud brocade pattern"; Through the observation of the surface color of the medicinal materials, we can distinguish the origin and quality of the medicinal materials, such as Inner Mongolia licorice, the surface of the brown-red quality is excellent. The structure and color of the section are directly related to the characteristics of the medicinal materials, such as the "sorghum residue" and "brocade" of the rhubarb section.

Hand touch mainly to experience the material of the medicine is light and heavy, solid, soft, old and tender, slippery, etc., the quality of the cotton is light and soft, and the quality of the powder is slightly brittle and elastic.

The medicinal properties of traditional Chinese medicine are the properties of traditional Chinese medicine, which includes the material basis of the efficacy of the drug and the role reflected in the process. The theory of studying the formation mechanism of medicinal properties and the laws of its application is called the theory of medicinal properties, and its basic contents include four qi and five flavors, ups and downs, meridians, and toxicity.

The medicinal properties of traditional Chinese medicine are mainly divided into cold and cold medicines through compensation, and sweet tastes are tonic medicines.

In China, drugs are generally divided into, traditional Chinese medicine, chemical drugs, biological agents, and imported drugs in domestic packaging and excipients.

The nature of traditional Chinese medicine refers to the high level of generalization of the basic properties and characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine, also known as medicinal properties, mainly including four qi, five flavors, ups and downs, meridians, toxicity, etc. The four qi are: warm, hot, cold, and cool, and the five flavors are pungent, sweet, sour, salty, and bitter.

Ups and downs refer to the fact that drugs have four different action tendencies on the body: upward, downward, outward, and inward.

Traditional Chinese medicine is characterized by its ease of use, easy to grow and harvest, low cost, natural substances, maintaining the biological activity and naturalness of various ingredients, and the ingredients are easier to absorb.

The four qi reflect the tendency of drugs to the prosperity and decline of yin and yang, cold and heat changes in the human body, and are a summary of the effect of drugs on cold and fever syndromes. Generally speaking, drugs that can reduce or eliminate heat syndrome belong to cold or cool, such as skullcap and radix radix, which have the effect of clearing heat and detoxifying; The drugs that can alleviate or eliminate the cold syndrome belong to the warm or hot nature, such as aconite, dried ginger, etc., which have the effect of dissipating cold in the warmth.

The cold, hot and warm of the drug is summarized by the different reactions and different curative effects of the drug on the human body, which is relative to the nature of the disease.

The role and indications of the four qi.

Generally speaking, cold medicine has the functions of clearing heat and purging fire, cooling blood and detoxifying, nourishing yin and removing steam, diarrhoea, clearing heat and diuretic, clearing heat and phlegm, clearing the heart and opening the body, cooling the liver and relieving wind. The warm medicine has the functions of dissipating cold in the warmth, warming the liver and dispersing knots, replenishing fire and helping yang, warming yang and benefiting water, warming meridians and channels, returning fire to its origin, and returning to yang to save adversity.

Traditional Chinese medicine is a collective term that includes both Chinese herbal medicines and proprietary Chinese medicines. Herbal medicine is a general decoction and does not contain Chinese patent medicine.

There is also a certain difference between Chinese medicine and herbal medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine is based on the premise of herbal medicine. Fry out a bowl of medicine. Collectively known as traditional Chinese medicine. And the herb is the dry kind, and there are several kinds of herbs that have just been prepared from the hospital and are called herbs together.

Herbal medicine is a herbal medicine, which can be made by simple processing, and traditional Chinese medicine is generally a general term for processed decoction pieces, herbs, ores and so on.

Medicinal herb. It refers to the drugs used to prevent and treat diseases and help diagnose diseases under the guidance of the theoretical system and laws of traditional Chinese medicine. These medicines** are found in nature, including plants, animals and minerals.

Most of them are domestic medicinal materials recorded in the ancient "Materia Medica" book, and a few are imported from abroad, such as frankincense, myrrh, strychnine, saffron, rhino horn, pepper, blood exhaustion, etc., because of the use of a long time, so they are called traditional Chinese medicine. In a broad sense, traditional Chinese medicine is in addition to natural botanical, animal and mineral medicines that are simply processed in the place of origin and directly applied to the medical field; It also includes hand-processed products such as huangdan, camphor, gallant, divine comedy, and light tempeh; and the lifting and lowering of medicines made by alchemy, such as red shengdan, white descending pill, light powder and other chemicals; There are also artificial bezoars and artificial musk made by modern scientific methods, all of which belong to the category of traditional Chinese medicine.

Chinese herbal medicine. It refers to the native medicine collected by the people on the spot to prevent and treat diseases. It has a certain regionality, unlike the commonly used traditional Chinese medicine as a commodity, which is sold and used all over the country or abroad.

Now the herbal medicine has been recorded in the ancient "Materia Medica" book, and some are spread among the people, such as Prunella vulgaris, Shuyang Spring, Nasturtium, etc. With the increasing use of herbal medicine in the prevention and treatment of diseases, thousands of folk herbal medicines have been discovered, researched and popularized, and some herbal medicines with better curative effects have gradually been commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. This makes it difficult to distinguish between Chinese medicine and herbal medicine, so the classification of herbal medicine in the category of Chinese medicine is in line with the actual situation of the development of Chinese medicine.

1.Ginseng has a sweet taste, greatly replenishes vitality, relieves cough and rejuvenates, and regulates and nourishes health.

2.Astragalus is warm, sweats and solidifies the surface, supports sores and muscles, and is full of qi deficiency.

3.Atractylodes atractylodes is sweet and warm, strengthens the spleen and stomach, stops diarrhea and dehumidification, and dispels phlegm.

4.Poria cocos has a light taste, dampness and recklessness, albino phlegm and salivation, and red waterways.

5.Licorice is warm, reconciles all medicines, burns the warmth, and pours out the fire when it is raw.

6.Angelica is sweet and warm, produces blood and replenishes the heart, helps the deficiency and benefits the loss, and chases the stasis and generates the new.

7.White peony is sour and cold, can be collected and replenished, diarrhea and abdominal pain, deficiency and cold should not be with.

8.Red peony is sour and cold, can diarrhea and replenish, break blood and menstruation, do not commit after childbirth.

9.The raw land is slightly cold, which can eliminate dampness and heat, bone steaming and fatigue, and eliminate blood breakage.

10.The cooked ground is slightly warm, nourishes the kidneys and nourishes the blood, benefits the marrow and adds essence, and the black hair is black.

11.Maimen is sweet and cold, quenches thirst and dispels annoyance, nourishes the heart and clears the lungs, and is self-reliant.

12.Tianmen is sweet and cold, can cure pulmonary carbuncles, eliminate phlegm and stop cough, and panting is effective.

What do you want to ask? Traditional Chinese medicine has the characteristics of cold, heat, warmth, bitterness, saltiness and astringency! Each flavor of Chinese medicine has its own characteristic medicinal properties, and the preparation and compatibility contraindications are closely related to the pharmacological effects of Chinese medicine!

The name of traditional Chinese medicine is also a very complex issue, and there may be different names for traditional Chinese medicine in various places, but there is always a consensus! In other words, people who are interested in Chinese medicine almost also know that several different names refer to the same medicine! In addition, there is a special feature that the Latin name!

Traditional Chinese medicine has a Latin name, and the Latin name is mainly used internationally, and some academic articles mostly use Latin names!

What do you want to ask, buddy, buy a Chinese medicine book, you have everything.

60 days. Drugs that are collected, processed, and prepared under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory, explain the mechanism of action, and guide clinical application are collectively referred to as traditional Chinese medicine. In short, traditional Chinese medicine refers to substances that are used to prevent, diagnose and have health care effects under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory.

Chinese medicine is mainly used in natural medicines and their processed products, including botanical medicines, animal medicines, mineral medicines and some chemical and biological products. Since most of the traditional Chinese medicine is botanical, there is a saying that "all medicines are herb-based".

The distribution and production of natural medicinal materials are inseparable from certain natural conditions. The production of various medicinal materials has a certain regionality regardless of variety, output and quality.

Therefore, since ancient times, doctors have attached great importance to authentic medicinal materials. The so-called authentic medicinal materials, also known as authentic medicinal materials, is a special term for high-quality and pure medicinal materials, which refers to the medicinal materials with a long history, suitable origin, excellent varieties, abundant yield, exquisite processing, outstanding curative effect, and regional characteristics. Such as Angelica sinensis in Gansu, wolfberry in Ningxia, rhubarb in Qinghai, astragalus in Inner Mongolia, ginseng, asaroxin, and schisandra in Northeast China, Codonopsis in Shanxi, rehmannia in Henan, hyssop, yam, chrysanthemum, etc.

Before the drug is applied or made into various dosage forms, the necessary processing process is carried out according to the needs of medical treatment, preparation and preparation. Commonly used processing methods include repair, water system, fire system, water and fire co-system, etc.

The purpose of processing is to purify the medicinal materials, ensure the quality of the stool, sort the drugs, and distinguish the grades; Cut decoction pieces to facilitate the dispensing of preparations; Drying medicinal materials, which is conducive to storage; Corrective taste, odor, easy to take; Reduce toxicity and ensure safe drug use; Enhance the function of the drug and improve the clinical efficacy; Change the performance of the drug and expand the range of applications. The drug is introduced into the menstruation to facilitate the directional use of drugs.

There are many medicinal properties of traditional Chinese medicine, in short, it has the effect of replenishing deficiency and diarrhea and greatly blocking the solid, adjusting yin and yang. Diseases in the human body are mainly due to the imbalance of yin and yang, and traditional Chinese medicine can just adjust the imbalance of yin and yang in the human body, so that the yin and yang of the human body can be restored to the normal level of absolute hu, and maintain a balanced state of imitation. Summarize some of the effects of traditional Chinese medicine from a large aspect, such as clearing fire, laxative, calming the nerves, tonifying yin, tonifying yang, tonifying the kidney, tonifying the lungs, and so on.

In addition, each herb has its own efficacy and indications.

The commonly used identification methods of traditional Chinese medicine are: ** (original plants, original animals and minerals) identification, trait identification, microscopic identification and physical and chemical identification.

1. Identification is the application of taxonomic knowledge of plants (animals) to identify the first grade of traditional Chinese medicine and determine its correct scientific name; Apply the basic knowledge of mineralogy to determine the ** of mineral Chinese medicine. In order to ensure the accuracy of the varieties in the application.

2. Character identification is to identify the appearance and characteristics of medicinal materials by sight, hand touch, nose, mouth, water test, fire test and other very simple identification methods. These methods have accumulated rich experience in traditional identification in the treasure house of medicine in China, and they have the characteristics of simplicity, ease of implementation and rapidity. Trait identification, like ** identification, in addition to careful observation of the sample, sometimes it is also necessary to check the specimen and literature.

For some regional or newly added varieties, the identification often lacks relevant information and standard samples, you can send a few samples to the provincial or autonomous region Chinese herbal medicine department or drug testing institute that produces the medicinal materials to understand the situation or ask for assistance in identification. If necessary, you can go to the origin to investigate, collect physical specimens, and understand the production, processing, sales and use, so as to carry out identification research. Intuitive trait identification is very important, and it is also one of the basic skills necessary for Chinese medicine identification workers.

3. Microscopic identification is the use of microscope to observe the tissue structure, cell shape and characteristics of inclusions of medicinal materials, in order to identify the authenticity and purity of medicinal materials. This method is more commonly used when the shape of the medicinal material is not easy to identify, or when the medicinal material is broken or in powder form. The Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China has applied microscopic identification to the identification of many traditional Chinese medicines and proprietary Chinese medicine preparations.

For microscopic identification, the appraiser must have the basic knowledge of plant (animal) anatomy and master the basic techniques of filmmaking. The method of microscopic identification varies depending on the material and requirements.

4. Physical and chemical identification is the use of certain physical, chemical or instrumental analysis methods to identify the authenticity, purity and quality of traditional Chinese medicine, collectively referred to as physical and chemical identification. Through physical and chemical identification, the presence and content of the main chemical components or active ingredients contained in traditional Chinese medicine, as well as the presence or absence of harmful substances, are analyzed.

Are you asking about the identification method of Chinese herbal decoction pieces?

The identification of the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces, in fact, is the traditional empirical identification, is the use of human senses, the use of seeing, tasting, smelling, listening, hand touching, water test and fire test and other methods, the main content includes shape, specification, size, surface or section color, characteristics, texture, breaking phenomenon, odor, the main tools are magnifying glass, ultraviolet lamp, etc. It is simple and easy to carry out at the pharmacy counter, and the identification can be carried out using the theoretical knowledge of plant taxonomy and anatomy.