The second Chinese Arctic expedition, China s first Arctic research station was

China's second Arctic scientific expedition lasted 74 days and sailed 13,985 nautical miles, overcoming difficulties such as the Arctic climate, harsh environment and significantly accelerating sea ice changes along the way, and successfully completed the two main scientific expedition tasks of "understanding the Arctic's response and feedback to global changes" and "understanding the impact of Arctic changes on China's climate and environment". Three-dimensional integrated observation of multiple disciplines such as meteorology and atmospheric chemistry.

During the Arctic expedition, the members of the expedition team also created a number of domestic polar scientific research records: the first time to use self-developed underwater robots in the polar regions to conduct ocean observation, the first time to use infrared aerial remote sensing technology to measure the temperature of water and ice surface, the first deployment of satellite tracking submersibles and marine submersibles, and the first deployment of China's self-developed satellite tracking buoys with independent intellectual property rights, achieving a breakthrough of zero satellite tracking buoys in China's polar regions.

On the ice floes at 78 degrees 24 minutes north latitude, the expedition team also built China's northernmost temporary ice station, conducted comprehensive observations for two weeks, and spanned 10 longitudes of 250 kilometers to go deep into the thickest permanent sea ice area in the Arctic. The "Snow Dragon" polar scientific research ship also successfully entered the 80th parallel north latitude, achieving a new breakthrough in China's Arctic scientific exploration.

Yellow River Station

The Yellow River Station in the Arctic of China is located in Ny-Ålsund, in the Spitsbergen archipelago of Norway at 78°55 north latitude and 11°56 east longitude. It is China's first Arctic research station, which was established on July 28, 2004. China's Arctic Yellow River Station is China's third polar research station after the Antarctic Great Wall Station and Zhongshan Station, and China has also become the eighth country to establish an Arctic research station in Norway's Spitsbergen Islands.

The most commendable thing is that the Arctic Yellow River Station has the largest space physics observation point in the world's polar scientific expeditions.

Introduction to the Yellow River Station

The Arctic Yellow River Station is a comprehensive scientific research station, and the main scientific research projects include physical observation of the air atmosphere at the source of the high transport pitop, the establishment of meteorological observation stations, the establishment of GPS satellite tracking stations, the investigation of the evolution of the earth's ecological environment, the monitoring of the near-shore marine environment, the feasibility investigation of long-term monitoring of glaciers, and atmospheric chemical sampling.

There is a conventional rule at the Yellow River Station and the surrounding scientific research stations, that is, the doors cannot be locked, and the doors are all open outward. "There are polar bears in the area, and these are bear prevention measures. Once the bear comes, anyone can quickly run into the building at any time to take refuge, and the polar bear will only push the door, not pull the door, so the door should be open to the outside.

The origin of the name of the Yellow River Station

The station name of the Yellow River Station, according to the station name solicitation plan, 30 candidate station names were screened out of nearly 3,000 valid votes in the online voting, plus the alternative description, submitted by the Polar Exploration Office of the State Oceanic Administration to the members of the Advisory Committee of China's Polar Expedition, and about 20 members were ranked first. Finally, the State Oceanic Administration named China's first Arctic scientific research station as the "China Arctic Yellow River Station".

The first person to propose the name of "Yellow River Station" was Chen Wenhua from Haimen City, Jiangsu Province, and a total of 39 people suggested that the station be named "Yellow River Station".

On July 12, China's 12th Arctic scientific expedition organized by the Ministry of Natural Resources boarded the "Snow Dragon 2" polar scientific research shipDeparting from the dock of the domestic base of the Chinese polar expedition in Shanghaito carry out scientific expeditions to the North Pole. This expedition is the first Arctic scientific expedition organized by China during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, and the total voyage is expected to be about 10,000 nautical miles, and it will return to Shanghai in late September.

As a "near-Arctic country", the natural conditions of the Arctic and its changes have a direct impact on China's climate system and ecological environment. Focusing on responding to climate change and protecting the Arctic ecological environment, China's 12th Arctic Scientific Expedition carried out monitoring of oceans, sea ice, atmosphere, microplastics, and ocean acidification in the Arctic high seas by means of navigational observations, cross-sectional surveys, and satellite remote sensing, and obtained Arctic marine hydrology, meteorology, biology and other data.

At the same time, this expedition will also focus on international scientific frontier issues, carry out scientific investigations in the Arctic Ocean mid-ocean ridge area, reveal the process of ultra-slow mid-ocean ridge rock and magma formation, and understand the tectonic geomorphological characteristics of the Gak mid-ocean ridge, so as to further improve China's understanding of the natural environment of the Arctic.

Background of the Chinese Arctic Scientific Expedition:

As the largest developing country in the northern hemisphere, China is most directly affected by climate and environmental changes in the Arctic region. Since 1999, when China organized the first Arctic expedition, three comprehensive surveys of the Arctic Ocean region have been carried out with the "Snow Dragon" scientific research vessel as a platform in view of the relationship between Arctic sea ice, ocean and atmosphere changes and China's climate and environmental changes.

We have a preliminary understanding of the mechanism of climate and environmental change in the Arctic region, and obtain a number of valuable scientific investigation and research data and samples.

The above content refers to Xinhuanet China launched the 12th scientific expedition to the Arctic.

Departing from Shanghai, we went to the Arctic for a scientific expedition.

The first Chinese scientist to enter the Arctic region: In the summer of 1951, Gao Shiliu of the Wuhan Institute of Surveying and Mapping arrived at the earth's north magnetic pole (71°N, 96°W longitude) to engage in geomagnetic surveys. The first Chinese to reach the North Pole:

Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Nan. On November 12, 1958, as a Chinese journalist in the Soviet Union, Li Nan took the "Il-14" plane, flew 10,000 kilometers from Moscow, and landed at the No. 7 Arctic Ice Floe Station (86°38 N, 64°24 W longitude) and the North Pole of the Soviet Union, completed the Arctic expedition, and published his "Arctic Travelogue" in 1961. The first Chinese woman to reach the North Pole:

On April 8, 1993, Hong Kong journalist Ms. Lee Lok Sze arrived at the North Pole on a Canadian plane, becoming the first Chinese woman to reach the North Pole and the first Chinese five-star red flag on the North Pole. The first North Pole expedition organized by the Chinese themselves: In April 1995, the Chinese Association for Science and Technology and the Chinese Academy of Sciences organized a Chinese Arctic expedition team, including Wei Menghua and Li Shuke, to reach around 88 degrees north latitude north of Canada by plane, and then march to the North Pole on foot or sled, conducting atmospheric, ice and snow investigations along the way, and completed the first North Pole expedition organized by the Chinese themselves and sponsored by enterprises at 10:55 am on May 6.

China's First Arctic Scientific Expedition: From July 1 to September 9, 1999, China's first Arctic scientific expedition lasted 71 days and covered a total voyage of 14,180 nautical miles. The expedition obtained a large number of precious samples and data, including sediments from the seabed at a depth of 3,000 meters in the Arctic Ocean and atmospheric exploration resources and samples at an altitude of 3,100 meters. comprehensive hydrological data with a maximum water depth of 3950 meters; Meter-long sediment cores as well as large quantities of ice cores, surface snow samples, plankton, seawater samples, etc.

At a press conference held by the China Polar Research Center on July 18, it was learned that China will carry out the eighth Arctic scientific expedition on July 20, and the "Snow Dragon" will sail around the Arctic Ocean for the first time and will test the Northwest Passage for the first time.

According to Xu Ren, deputy director of the China Polar Research Center, leader and chief scientist of China's 8th Arctic scientific expedition, China's 8th Arctic scientific expedition is an important expedition during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, with a total of 96 expeditions and a total voyage of more than 19,000 nautical miles, a total of 83 days, and plans to return to Shangqi Bikai Port on October 10.

The expedition will be based on the "Snow Dragon" polar scientific research ship as a platform, and will carry out the investigation of the Arctic shipping lane, marine biodiversity, marine hydrology, marine chemistry, marine geology, marine microplastics, marine garbage and other pollutants and other investigations. Operational surveys were carried out in key sea areas such as the Bering Sea, the Chukchi Sea, the Nordic Sea, the Northwest Passage and the Arctic high-latitude sea area.

The Arctic is the most sensitive region to global climate change. In recent years, the widespread melting of Arctic sea ice has attracted great attention from scientists around the world. Our country is a country in the northern hemisphere, and it is essential for our country to study climate change in the Arctic in depth.

Since 1999, China has carried out seven scientific expeditions to the Arctic.

On the basis of these seven Arctic scientific expeditions, relying on the "Snow Dragon Pole Exploration" national major project, China's eighth Arctic scientific expedition will carry out the Arctic operational observation mission for the first time, aiming to establish a long-term observation section, carry out systematic investigation in the future, and promote the long-term operational observation and monitoring of the Arctic environment.

"Arctic Adventure" is the 14th book "The Adventures of Hal Roger" by British writer Willard Price, which mainly chronicles the adventures of the Hal Roger brothers in Greenland and Alaska.

On July 19, it was learned from the Ministry of Natural Resources that China's ninth Arctic scientific expedition team will take the "Snow Dragon" from Shanghai to the Arctic on July 20 to carry out a scientific expedition. According to Xia Limin, deputy director of the China Polar Exploration Office, the "Snow Dragon" is scheduled to sail more than 12,300 nautical miles and is expected to return to Shanghai Port in late September. This was the first polar expedition organized by the Ministry of Natural Resources after its establishment.

The first seven Arctic scientific expeditions in China were mainly based on scientific research project investigations, and the eighth time began to try to commercialize surveys. The ninth scientific expedition, which is about to travel, will combine the two for the first time, and will use the "Snow Dragon" ship as a platform to promote the construction of the national Arctic operational monitoring network. Through the operational investigation of China's key Arctic areas such as the Bering Sea, the Chukchi Sea and the high latitudes of the Arctic Ocean, we will promote the construction of China's polar operational system, grasp the distribution characteristics of environmental elements such as marine hydrology and meteorology, sea ice, marine geology, geophysics, marine biology and ecology, and marine chemistry, and provide basic data for the comprehensive evaluation of the environment and climate in the Arctic region.

> carry out in-depth business surveys on the ecological environment and fishery resources in the high-latitude waters of the Arctic, new environmental pollutants and other issues related to international governance issues in the Arctic, so as to provide support for solving regional and global environmental problems; Conduct major frontier scientific research on the rapid changes in the Arctic environment, and carry out Arctic waterway surveys depending on ice conditions. The expedition also invited scientists from France, the United States and other countries to carry out practical cooperation in the fields of oceans and environment.