Regarding ancient languages, what is the ancient Chinese language?

The spoken language is almost the same, you look at the three words and two beats and so on**, all of which are spoken and can be understood, but the accents may be different in different places, and there are also words with their own characteristics.

Ancient Mandarin is called Mandarin, which is roughly divided into North China Mandarin, Northwest Mandarin, Southwest Mandarin and Jianghuai Mandarin, which are represented by Beijing dialect, Mianyang dialect, Xi'an dialect and Yangzhou dialect respectively. North China Mandarin and Northwest Mandarin are spoken in the eastern and western parts of northern China, respectively, and Southwest Mandarin and Jianghuai Mandarin are spoken in the western and eastern parts of southern China except for Wu, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Fujian, Hakka and other dialect areas.

The internal consistency of the official dialect is relatively large, except for some official dialects in the southern region, most regions can talk to each other.

"Official dialect" was the earliest name for the official standard language, which was called Yayan, Yayin, Tongyu, and Zhengyin in the early days of the official standard language of Chinese, and was called Guanhua in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and began to be called Chinese in the Qing Dynasty, and was renamed Mandarin in 1956; And the word "official dialect" has evolved into the meaning of "official dialect".

Well, many Sichuan dialects are still authentic, and many people can understand them.

If it is difficult to understand, someone will come out to translate, and the official language is mainly based on the capital of the dynasty.

Everyone has to curry favor with the emperor. If you speak, the emperor can't understand it, so why are you confused?

Why are the eunuchs around the emperor so popular, it depends on their translations, and the emperor asks the eunuchs if he is interested.

So there is a reason why Wei Xiaobao is rich.

Classical Chinese is mostly used in written language, and spoken language is suitable for everyday communication. It's all on TV, and you should be able to communicate through time and space! Isn't it okay to have martial arts dramas and costume films?

1. Pre-Qin period.

The ancient Yayan (the earliest ancient lingua franca in China, equivalent to the current Mandarin) is Xia Yan. Xia Jiandu was in Luoyang, and then Yin Dynasty Jiandu was also around Luoyang. Therefore, the basis of the standard pronunciation of Yayan in the past dynasties is in the Luoyang area, and it can be said that the ancient Mandarin is based on the ancient Luoyang dialect as the standard pronunciation.

2. The Qin and Han dynasties.

It is impossible to verify the specific language used by the Qin Dynasty. The Chinese language of the Han Dynasty was "Luo", and Luoyu inherited the Yayan of the pre-Qin era. The standard Chinese language of the Han Dynasty was called "Zhengyin", "Yayan", and also known as "Tongyu".

3. The Two Jin Dynasties and the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

The Western Jin Dynasty inherited the Han Dynasty and adopted Luo as the Chinese language. Yongjia Rebellion, Luojing overturned, the Eastern Jin Dynasty moved the capital to Jiankang, Luo language and the Middle Wu language combined to form Jinling Yayin, also known as Wu Yin, for the Southern Dynasty to follow.

Fourth, the Sui and Tang dynasties.

The Sui Dynasty unified China and compiled "Cut Rhyme", which was based on Jinling Yayin and Luoyang Yayin, and the official sounds of the Northern and Southern Dynasties were fused to form Chang'an Guanyin (Qin Yin). Tang Chengsui system. Sui and Tang Chinese are "Hanyin", or "Qin Yin".

The Sui and Tang dynasties had Chang'an as their capital, and Luoyang was the eastern capital, at this time the Han sound in the Central Plains and Guanzhong had evolved after blending with various ethnic groups.

5. Ming Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the Central Plains was based on the Yayin of the Central Plains, and before the Ming Dynasty, the Central Plains region was integrated into a number of northern ethnic groups, and the "Central Plains Sound" in the Jianghuai region was relatively pure, and the official dialect was based on the Nanjing sound, and the Nanjing official dialect was the standard language of Chinese. During the Yongle period, the capital was moved to Beijing, and immigrants from all over the country immigrated to Beijing, of which about 400,000 immigrants from Nanjing accounted for half of the population of Beijing, and Nanjing pronunciation became the basis of Beijing pronunciation at that time, and Nanjing official dialect was spoken throughout the Ming Dynasty.

Ancient Chinese is the opposite of modern Chinese, which is the ancient language of the Han people. There are two systems of written language in ancient Chinese in a broad sense: one is the written language of ancient Chinese formed on the basis of the spoken language of the pre-Qin period, and the works written by later generations in this written language, that is, Wenyan.

The other is the ancient vernacular formed on the basis of the northern dialect after the Six Dynasties. In the narrow sense, the ancient Han Qisha wheel language is written and whispered, which refers to the literary language. <

Ancient Chinese is the opposite of modern Chinese, which is the ancient language of the Han people. There are two systems of written language in ancient Chinese in a broad sense: one is the written language of ancient Chinese formed on the basis of the spoken language of the pre-Qin period, and the works written by later generations in this written language, that is, Wenyan.

The other is the ancient vernacular formed on the basis of the northern dialect after the Six Dynasties. In the narrow sense, written ancient Chinese refers to the literary language.

Classical Chinese is a common language in ancient China, and modern classical Chinese is a written language composed of ancient Chinese texts, mainly including written language based on the spoken language of the pre-Qin period. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the objects used to record writing had not yet been invented, and bamboo slips, silk and other materials were used to record writing. With the changes of history and the evolution of spoken language, the difference between classical Chinese and spoken language has gradually expanded, and "classical Chinese" has become the exclusive use of readers.

Classical Chinese is relative to the vernacular language after the New Culture Movement, and there was no such thing as classical Chinese in ancient times. Its special lead rough feature is to pay attention to allusions, the battle of the pun, the rhythm of the rhythm, including the strategy, Bi Zen poems, words, songs, eight strands, pun and other literary styles. After the refinement of the literati of the past dynasties, it became more and more flashy, and the great writer Han Yu and others launched the "Ancient Literature Movement" in the Tang Dynasty, advocating a return to popular ancient literature.

In order to facilitate reading and comprehension, the classical Chinese in modern books is generally marked with punctuation marks.

The official language of ancient times changed according to the succession of dynasties.

During the Zhou Dynasty, the official language of the Zhou Dynasty was generally considered to be the language of the Book of Songs, that is, Yayan;

During the Han Dynasty, the official language of the Han Dynasty was Luo, which inherited the Yayan of the pre-Qin era, and the official language of the Han Dynasty was called Zhengyin and Yayan, also known as Tongyu;

During the period of the two Jin and Northern Dynasties, the Western Jin Dynasty inherited the Han Dynasty, with Luo as the official language, the Yongjia Rebellion, the overthrow of Luojing, the Eastern Jin Dynasty moved the capital to Jiankang, and the Luo language and the Middle Wu language were combined to form Jinling Yayin, also known as Wu Yin, which was inherited by the Southern Dynasties;

During the Sui and Tang dynasties, after the Sui Dynasty unified China, Jinling Yayin and Luoyang Yayin were used as the basis for the positive sound, and the official sounds of the Northern and Southern Dynasties were fused to form the Chang'an official sound, that is, the Qin sound, the Tang Dynasty inherited the Sui system, and the official language of the Sui and Tang dynasties was Hanyin, or Qin Yin;

During the Song Dynasty, the official languages of the Song Dynasty were Yin and Yayin;

During the Yuan Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty made Mongolian the official language, and later the Chinese pronunciation of the Yuan Dadu was the official language, which was called Tianxia Tongque Lun Language;

In the Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty was based on the Central Plains Yayin, the Nanjing sound was the basic Luzao, and the Nanjing official dialect was the official language;

During the Qing Dynasty, Manchu began to be the official language in the early Qing Dynasty, and then Mandarin Chinese became the official language.

The official language of ancient times changed according to the succession of dynasties.

During the Zhou Dynasty, the official language of the Zhou Dynasty was generally considered to be the language of the Book of Songs, that is, Yayan;

During the Han Dynasty, the official language of the Han Dynasty was Luo, which inherited the Yayan of the pre-Qin era, and the official language of the Han Dynasty was called Zhengyin and Yayan, also known as Tongyu;

During the period of the two Jin and Northern Dynasties, the Western Jin Dynasty inherited the Han Dynasty, with Luo as the official language, the Yongjia Rebellion, the overthrow of Luojing, the Eastern Jin Dynasty moved the capital to Jiankang, and the Luo language and the Middle Wu language were combined to form Jinling Yayin, also known as Wu Yin, which was inherited by the Southern Dynasties;

During the Sui and Tang dynasties, after the Sui Dynasty unified China, Jinling Yayin and Luoyang Yayin were used as the basic pronunciation, and the official pronunciation of the Northern and Southern Dynasties was fused to form the official pronunciation of Chang'an, that is, Qin Yin, the Tang Dynasty inherited the Sui system, and the official language of Sui and Tang Dynasty was Hanyin, or Qin Yin;

During the Song Dynasty, the official languages of the Song Dynasty were Yin and Yayin;

During the Yuan Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty made Mongolian the official language, and later the Chinese pronunciation of the Yuan Dadu was the official language, which was called Tianxia Tongyu;

In the Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty used the Central Plains Yayin as the positive, the Nanjing Yin as the basis of the rough Kai, and the Nanjing official dialect as the official language;

During the Qing Dynasty, Manchu began to be the official language in the early Qing Dynasty, and then Mandarin Chinese became the official language.